Chapter 23-The First Trimester
Malignant form of GTD
Choriocarcinoma
With a normal pregnancy, the first structure noted within the decidualized endometrium is the
Chorionic sac
During a 12-week sonogram, bilateral echogenic structures are noted within the lateral ventricles of the fetal cranium. These structures most likely respresent
Choroid Plexus
Sonographically, a normal-appearing 7 week IUP is identified. Within the adnexa, an ovarian cystic structure with a thick, hyperechoic rim is also discovered. This ovarian mass most likely respresents
Corpus Luteum Cyst
The most common pelvic mass associated with pregnancy is the
Corpus luteum cyst
The most common cause of Pelvic pain with pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy
Other name for the Chorionic Sac
Gestational sac
Dominant follicle prior to ovulation
Graafian Follicle
Most likely locations for an Ectopic Pregnancy
Isthmus of the tube, Ampulla of the tube, and Interstitial of the tube
Compared with a normal IUP, the ectopic pregnancy will have a
Low hCG
Most likely Metastatic location for GTD
Lungs
Used often to medically treat an ectopic pregnancy
Methotrexate
Clinical Features of Ectopic Pregnancy
Pain, vaginal bleeding, shoulder pain
Contributing factors for an ectopic pregnancy
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, assisted reproductive therapy, and IUCD
The migration of the embryonic bowel into the base of the umbilical cord at 9 weeks is referred to as
Physiologic bowel herniation
Hormone produced by the corpus luteum that maintains the thickened endometrium
Progesterone
A sonographic examination was performed on a pregnancy patient who complained of vaginal bleeding. Sonographically, a crescent-shaped anechoic area is noted adjacent to the gestational sac. The gestational sac contained a 6 week live IUP. The most likely diagnosis is
Subchorionic Hemorrhage
Associated with an abnormal NT
Trisomy 18, Trisomy 21, and Turner Syndrome
Structure that connects the embryo to the Yolk Sac
Vitelline Duct
Structure that lies within the extraembryonic coelom
Yolk sac
The structure created by the union of sperm and egg is the
Zygote
Trisomy 16 is not associated with
an abnormal NT
The stage of the conceptus that impants within the decidualized
blastocyst
The secondary yolk sac location in the early gestation
chorionic cavity
The most common form of GTD(Gestational Trophoblastic Disease)
complete molar pregnancy
Sonographic findings consistent with ectopic pregnancy
decidual thickening, complex free-fluid within the pelvis, and complex adnexal mass seperate from the ipsilateral ovary
In the First trimester, normal hCG levels will
double every 48 hours
Associated with a lower-than-normal hCG level
ectopic pregnancy, blighted ovum, and spontaneous abortion
Hormone that maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy
hCG
The trophoblastic cells produce
hCG
Consistent with a complete hydatidiform mole
heterogenous mass within the endometrium, bilateral theca lutein cysts, and hyperemesis gravidarum
Sonographic findings in the presence of an ectopic pregnancy
psuedogestational sac, corpus luteum cyst, and an adnexal ring
The first sonographically identifiable sign of pregnancy
the Decidual reaction
During a First trimester songoram, you note a round, cystic structure within the fetal head. This Most Likely represents
the Rhombencephalon
First structure noted within the Gestational Sac
the Yolk sac
Clnical Findings consistent with a Complete Molar Pregnancy
vaginal bleeding, hypertension, and uterine enlargement
NT measures are typically obtained between
11-14 weeks
The normal gestational sac will grow
1mm per day
Fertilization typically occurs within
24 hours after ovulation
The most Common site of fertilization is in the
Ampulla of the uterine tube
