Chapter 23 The Urinary System

A glomerulus is A) the expanded end of a nephron. B) a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. C) the source of erythropoietin. D) attached to the collecting duct. E) the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron.

B

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to A) excessive ADH secretion. B) absence of ADH. C) hematuric oliguria. D) overproduction of aldosterone. E) dilation of the afferent arterioles.

B

Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day. A) 480 B) 180 C) 125 D) 18 E) 1.8

B

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the A) afferent arteriole. B) efferent arteriole. C) vasa recta. D) cortical radiate artery. E) renal vein.

B

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the A) renal papilla. B) renal pelvis. C) renal medulla. D) renal cortex. E) renal sinus

B

The condition called ________ is characterized by painful or difficult urination. This condition can be due to pathologic or benign causes. A) incontinence B) dysuria C) pyelonephritis D) renal calculi E) urinary retention

B

The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). B) proximal convoluted tubule. C) distal convoluted tubule. D) collecting duct. E) minor calyx.

B

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of A) the proximal convoluted tubule. B) the distal convoluted tubule. C) the collecting duct. D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). E) both the collecting duct and the nephron loop (loop of Henle).

E

Urine is eliminated through the A) liver. B) urinary bladder. C) kidney. D) ureter. E) urethra.

E

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla? A) releases renin B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration C) final urine enters here D) initial filtrate enters here E) tip of the medullary pyramid

E

Major calyces are A) large tributaries of the renal pelvis. B) expanded ends of nephrons. C) basic functional layers of the kidney. D) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. E) the expanded ends of renal pyramids.

A

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex. B) decrease secretion of aldosterone. C) increase release of angiotensin II by the suprarenal glands. D) increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. E) decrease urinary albumin concentration.

A

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries. A) peritubular B) glomerular C) vasa recta D) cortical E) efferent

A

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called A) pyramids. B) renal columns. C) renal pelvises. D) nephrons. E) calyces.

A

Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. Which of those pressures is a pressure that favors the filtration pressure? A) glomerular hydrostatic pressure B) capsular hydrostatic pressure C) capsular colloid osmotic pressure D) blood colloid osmotic pressure E) urinary bladder hydrostatic pressure

A

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system? A) excretes excess albumin molecules B) regulates blood volume C) contributes to stabilizing blood pH D) eliminates organic waste products E) regulates plasma concentrations of electrolytes

A

Functions of the urinary system include A) regulation of blood volume and blood pressure. B) regulation of plasma concentration of certain ions. C) helping to stabilize blood pH. D) conservation of valuable nutrients. E) all of the above

E

The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney. 1. afferent arteriole 2. arcuate artery 3. interlobar artery 4. renal artery 5. glomerulus 6. cortical radiate artery 7. efferent arteriole 8. peritubular capillary The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is A) 4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5, 7, 8. B) 4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8. C) 4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 1, 8. D) 4, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5, 1, 8. E) 4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 8.

B

The left kidney lies ________ to the right kidney. A) slightly inferior B) slightly superior C) slightly posterior D) slightly transverse E) slightly ipsilateral

B

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is A) filtration. B) reabsorbing nutrients. C) secretion of acids and ammonia. D) secretion of drugs. E) adjusting the urine volume.

B

Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures? A) collecting duct, renal pelvis, urethra, bladder, ureter B) renal pelvis, collecting duct, bladder, ureter, urethra C) collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra D) renal pelvis, urethra, bladder, ureter, collecting duct E) collecting duct, ureter, renal pelvis, urethra, bladder

B

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine, except A) hydrogen ions. B) urea. C) proteins. D) amino acids. E) creatinine.

C

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system, except the A) kidney. B) urinary bladder. C) rectum. D) ureter. E) urethra.

C

Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the A) renal pyramid. B) nephron loop (loop of Henle). C) renal corpuscle. D) renal papilla. E) collecting tubule system.

C

Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include A) hydrogen. B) penicillin. C) creatinine. D) potassium ions. E) all of the above

C

The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx. A) nephron loop (loop of Henle) B) distal convoluted tubule C) papillary duct D) renal corpuscle E) ureter

C

The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of three layers: A) filtration slits, foot processes, and slit pores. B) fenestrations, matrix, and foot processes. C) endothelium of glomerulus, dense layer of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits. D) dense layer of glomerulus, foot processes, and fenestrations in the capsule. E) podocyte filtration slits, matrix cells in the glomerulus, and endothelium of glomerulus.

C

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). B) proximal convoluted tubule. C) distal convoluted tubule. D) papillary tubule. E) calyx.

C

The process of filtration is driven by A) active transport. B) blood osmotic pressure. C) blood hydrostatic pressure. D) renal pumping. E) solvent drag.

C

Typical renal blood flow is about ________ percent of cardiac output under resting conditions. A) 5 B) 10 C) 25 D) 40 E) 50

C

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by A) blood vessels. B) lymphatics. C) the ureters. D) the urethra. E) the calyces.

C

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases, A) more urine is produced. B) less urine is produced. C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases. D) more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases. E) none of the above occurs.

C

Which of these components of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla? A) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule B) distal convoluted tubule C) collecting ducts D) proximal convoluted tubule E) glomerulus

C

An inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is A) glomerulonephritis. B) polycystic kidney disease. C) calculi. D) renal failure. E) hematuria.

D

During the micturition reflex, A) stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord. B) sympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active. C) the internal sphincter is consciously relaxed. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

The glomeruli are best described as being tufts of A) arteries. B) veins. C) venules. D) capillaries. E) arterioles.

D

The outermost layer of the kidney is the A) renal cortex. B) renal medulla. C) major calyx. D) fibrous capsule. E) renal pelvis.

D

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the A) calyx. B) pelvis. C) ureter. D) hilum. E) pyramid.

D

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium. A) stratified squamous B) pseudostratified columnar C) simple cuboidal D) transitional E) simple columnar

D

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation? A) 1 B) 38 C) 63 D) 74 E) 99

E