Chapter 24 & 25 Assignment
two-thirds of the total fluid is within our cells and one-third is outside our cells.
A comparison of the two major body fluid compartments reveals that
metabolic water intake.
Aerobic cellular respiration and dehydration synthesis reactions result in
8 to 15
An adult human kidney typically contains ________ renal pyramid(s).
Infancy
At which stage of life is the percentage of fluid in the human body highest?
Cranial Nerve X and sympathetic nerves from T10-T12.
Autonomic innervation of the kidney includes
edema, which is a an example of fluid sequestration.
Blockage of lymphatic vessels or surgical removal of lymphatic vessels increases the likelihood of
extracellular fluid.
Cerebrospinal fluid of the central nervous system and synovial fluid of joint capsules are both examples of
peripheral; more
Cortical nephrons have their corpuscles near the ________ edge of the cortex and are the ________ common type of nephron.
dehydration.
Diabetes mellitus, profuse sweating, and hyposecretion of ADH can each lead to
decrease.
Drinking a liter of water will cause the osmolarity of blood plasma to
fluid sequestration.
Edema is an example of
low; more
Elderly individuals generally have a ________ percentage of body fluid and are therefore ________ prone to fluid imbalances.
is controlled by hormone effects on the kidney.
Facultative water loss is loss that
low
Fluid imbalances are more common in individuals with a ________ percentage of body fluid.
fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, paranephric fat.
From innermost to outermost, the protective layers on the kidney are the
One nephron drains into one collecting tubule, and several collecting tubules empty into a collecting duct.
How are nephrons, collecting ducts, and collecting tubules related to each other?
volume depletion.
If someone in an accident suffered severe burns as well as hemorrhage, they would be at high risk for
rises and becomes hypertonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
If someone runs a marathon through a desert while eating pretzels and not drinking water, their plasma osmolarity
the right kidney is about 2 centimeters inferior to the left kidney.
In order to accommodate the large liver,
oxygen; erythropoietin
In response to low blood ________, the kidneys secrete ________.
no change in the osmolarity of body fluid.
In the condition of volume excess, fluid gain involves
intake, as food contains some water.
Ingestion of food results in water
two-thirds
Interstitial fluid composes about ________ of the body's extracellular fluid.
high; similar
Interstitial fluid has a relatively ________ concentration of sodium and chloride; the concentrations of ions within the interstitial fluid and blood plasma are very ________.
sympathetic pathways to the T10-T12 dermatomes.
Pain from the kidneys is usually referred by way of the:
volume excess.
Renal failure would likely lead to
hypotonic hydration.
Runners who drink too much water before a marathon run a risk of water intoxication, also known as
ureters
The ________ transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
12 cm long, 6.5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick.
The average adult kidney weighs about 100 grams and measures about
dense irregular connective tissue.
The fibrous capsule of the kidney is composed of
minor calyx.
The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the
posterior to
The kidneys are located ________ the peritoneum.
medulla; ascending
The nephron loop makes a hairpin turn within the ________ and its ________ limb ends at the distal convoluted tubule.
less; extracellular
The plasma of our blood constitutes ________ than half of the fluid in our body; plasma is part of the ________ fluid.
cuboidal epithelium with a large surface area.
The proximal convoluted tubule is lined with a
renal cortex.
The renal corpuscle is located within the
glomerulus.
The thick tangle of capillary loops found within a corpuscle is known as the
sensible, obligatory
Water lost through feces is considered ________ water loss.
Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine?
more potassium and more negatively charged proteins.
When compared to extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid contains
The male
When comparing a lean adult female to a lean adult male, which will most likely have a higher percentage of body fluid?
Renal medulla
Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidney?
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Which class of nephron is crucially important in establishing a salt concentration gradient in the kidney so that urine concentration can be regulated?
Regulation of lymphocyte production
Which is not a function of the kidneys?
The renal corpuscle may be located in the renal cortex or renal medulla.
Which is not correct regarding nephrons?
Parasympathetic stimulation decreases the rate of filtrate formation.
Which is not correct regarding the innervation of the kidney?
Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis
Which of the following choices lists structures in the order in which urine flows through them?
Both the plasma membrane and the capillary wall are permeable to water.
Which statement accurately describes the permeability to water of the cell membrane and the capillary wall?
Principal cells
Which type of distal cell within kidney tubules and collecting ducts are responsive to aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone?
Preformed water
Which type of intake accounts for most of our daily fluid intake?