Chapter 24 Digestive System

________ are also known as canines. A) Cuspids B) Molars C) Incisors D) Bicuspids E) Secondary teeth

A) Cuspids

Functions of the stomach include all of the following except A) absorption of triglycerides. B) denaturation of proteins. C) mechanical breakdown of food. D) initiation of protein digestion. E) storage of ingested food.

A) absorption of triglycerides.

Each of the following is a function of the liver except A) antibody production. B) storage of glycogen and iron reserves. C) synthesis of plasma proteins. D) inactivation of toxins. E) synthesis and secretion of bile.

A) antibody production.

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the A) body. B) antrum. C) pylorus. D) fundus. E) cardia.

A) body.

The root of a tooth is covered by A) cementum. B) the root canal. C) dentin. D) pulp. E) enamel.

A) cementum.

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the A) lamina propria. B) muscularis mucosae. C) submucosa. D) myenteric plexus. E) submucosal plexus.

A) lamina propria.

The enzyme amylase digests A) polysaccharides. B) triglycerides. C) peptides. D) nucleotides. E) disaccharides.

A) polysaccharides.

The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the A) pulp cavity. B) cementum. C) dentin. D) enamel. E) periodontium.

A) pulp cavity.

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the A) pylorus. B) cardia. C) body. D) fundus. E) antrum

A) pylorus.

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk proteins is A) rennin. B) cholecystokinin. C) pepsin. D) gastrin. E) trypsin.

A) rennin.

A proenzyme secreted by the pancreas is A) trypsinogen. B) amylase. C) lipase. D) carboxypeptidase. E) All of the answers are correct.

A) trypsinogen.

________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding. A) Cuspids B) Molars C) Canines D) Eye teeth E) Dentins

B) Molars

________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping. A) Bicuspids B) Canines C) Incisors D) Cuspids E) Molars

C) Incisors

A small, wormlike structure attached to A) pancreas. B) haustra. C) appendix. D) gallbladder. E) ileum.

C) appendix.

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called A) enamel. B) cementum. C) dentin. D) periodontium. E) pulp.

C) dentin.

Brunner glands are characteristic of the A) ileum. B) colon. C) duodenum. D) jejunum. E) stomach.

C) duodenum.

An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucin production by the submucosal duodenal glands is A) secretin. B) GIP. C) enterocrinin. D) cholecystokinin. E) gastrin.

C) enterocrinin.

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the A) release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine. B) sight, thought, or smell of food. C) entry of food into the stomach. D) entry of chyme into the small intestine. E) entry of chyme into the large intestine.

C) entry of food into the stomach.

The pancreas has endocrine cells that produce hormones and ________ cells that produce digestive enzymes. A) mucosal B) smooth muscle C) exocrine D) hepatic E) gastric

C) exocrine

Bile is stored in the A) appendix. B) pancreas. C) gallbladder. D) liver. E) duodenum.

C) gallbladder.

The villi are most developed in the A) cecum. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) gallbladder. E) stomach

C) jejunum.

The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the A) glossal septum. B) labial frenulum. C) lingual frenulum. D) faux. E) uvula.

C) lingual frenulum.

The taenia coli are A) ridges in the mucosa of the colon. B) tumors normally confined in the sigmoid colon. C) longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall. D) tears of the colon. E) polyps that obstruct the sigmoid colon.

C) longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall.

Products of fat digestion are transported initially by A) capillaries. B) veins. C) lymphatic vessels. D) the arterioles. E) the interstitial fluid.

C) lymphatic vessels.

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the A) muscularis mucosa. B) submucosa. C) mucosa. D) serosa. E) adventitia.

C) mucosa.

The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of A) pancreatic crypts. B) triads. C) pancreatic acini. D) islets of Langerhans. E) pancreatic lobules.

C) pancreatic acini.

Functions of the tongue include all of the following except A) aiding in speech. B) sensory analysis of food. C) partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx. D) mechanical processing of food. E) manipulation of food.

C) partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

Chief cells secrete A) mucus. B) hydrochloric acid. C) pepsinogen. D) intrinsic factor. E) gastrin.

C) pepsinogen.

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called A) segmentation. B) pendular movements. C) peristalsis. D) mastication. E) churning movements.

C) peristalsis.

Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the A) sigmoid colon. B) anal canal. C) rectum. D) rectal column. E) anus.

C) rectum.

The stomach is able to distend a great deal as it receives food because of the presence of A) skeletal muscle. B) an alkaline lining. C) rugae. D) gastric pits. E) the serosa

C) rugae.

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the A) adventitia. B) serosa. C) submucosa. D) mucosa. E) muscularis.

C) submucosa.

An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is A) amylase. B) nuclease. C) trypsin. D) lipase. E) maltase

C) trypsin.

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the A) stomach. B) pharynx. C) esophagus. D) bladder. E) colon.

D) bladder.

In the center of a liver lobule there is a A) portal area. B) sinusoid. C) hepatic duct. D) central vein. E) portal vein.

D) central vein.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus? A) component of mucosa B) sensory neural network C) secretes a watery fluid D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa E) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa

The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the A) alveolus. B) faux. C) vestibule. D) gingiva. E) uvula.

D) gingiva.

Peyer patches are characteristic of the A) stomach. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) ileum. E) colon.

D) ileum.

Digestion refers to the A) progressive dehydration of indigestible residue. B) mechanical breakdown of food. C) chemical breakdown of food. D) mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. E) All of the answers are correct.

D) mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds. A) mucosa B) submucosa C) submucosal plexus D) muscularis mucosa E) adventitia

D) muscularis mucosa

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the A) submucosal plexus. B) mucosa. C) submucosa. D) myenteric plexus. E) muscularis mucosa.

D) myenteric plexus.

Gastric pits are A) ridges in the body of the stomach. B) involved in absorption of liquids from the stomach. C) acid scars in the esophagus. D) openings into gastric glands. E) hollows where proteins are stored.

D) openings into gastric glands.

Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase? A) sublingual B) submandibular C) lingual D) parotid E) mandibular

D) parotid

The enzyme pepsin digests A) carbohydrates. B) lipids. C) vitamins. D) proteins. E) nucleic acids.

D) proteins.

Functions of the large intestine include A) most of the chemical breakdown of food. B) production of gas to move waste toward the rectum. C) secretion of vitamins. D) reabsorption of water and compaction of feces. E) absorption of bile salts.

D) reabsorption of water and compaction of feces.

In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid A) that contains only amylase. B) rich in mucus. C) rich in enzymes. D) rich in bicarbonate ion. E) rich in bile

D) rich in bicarbonate ion.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus? A) component of mucosa B) coordinates activity of muscularis externa C) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels D) sensory neural network E) secretes a watery fluid

D) sensory neural network

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following except in the A) oropharynx. B) oral cavity. C) esophagus. D) stomach. E) anal canal.

D) stomach.

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the A) mucosa. B) serosa. C) adventitia. D) submucosal plexus. E) lamina propria.

D) submucosal plexus.

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the A) pharynx. B) fauces. C) larynx. D) vestibule. E) dip sulcus

D) vestibule

Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on A) the sodium-potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell. B) cotransporter proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell. C) higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial cell. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

If the lingual frenulum is too restrictive, an individual A) cannot speak normally. B) has difficulty eating. C) cannot protract the tongue as far as most individuals. D) has a condition called ankyloglossia. E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by A) hormones. B) parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons. C) intrinsic nerve plexuses. D) the contents of the digestive tract. E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

The Kupffer cells of the liver A) destroy RBCs. B) destroy bacteria. C) present antigens. D) are phagocytic. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Which of these enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine? A) the plicae circulares B) the villi C) the microvilli D) intestinal movements E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of irregular plates converging toward a central vein. A) Kupffer cells B) Portal areas C) Hepatic ducts D) Bile canaliculi E) Hepatocytes

E) Hepatocytes

________ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity. A) Two B) One C) Six to Ten D) Four E) Three

E) Three

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except A) sensory analysis of material before swallowing. B) lubrication. C) mechanical processing of food. D) digestion of carbohydrates. E) absorption of monosaccharides

E) absorption of monosaccharides

What is the function of the teeth?Functions of teeth include A) tearing. B) crushing. C) cutting. D) clipping. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

The fusion of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the A) porta hepatis. B) hepatic portal vein. C) common pancreatic duct. D) common bile duct. E) bile canaliculus.

E) bile canaliculus.

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is A) gastrin. B) GIP. C) enteropeptidase. D) secretin. E) cholecystokinin.

E) cholecystokinin.

Which of the following is FALSE about secretions from the salivary glands? A) are mostly water B) help control bacterial populations in the mouth C) help lubricate the oral cavity and its contents D) contain enzymes for the digestion of polysaccharides E) contain enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides

E) contain enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides

Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the A) ileum. B) liver. C) pancreas. D) jejunum. E) duodenum.

E) duodenum.

The crown of a tooth is covered by A) cementum. B) dentin. C) pulp. D) periodontium. E) enamel

E) enamel

The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the A) lesser omentum. B) greater omentum. C) hepatic ligament. D) ligamentum teres. E) falciform ligament.

E) falciform ligament.

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? A) mechanical processing B) absorption C) compaction D) ingestion E) filtration

E) filtration

The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s). A) one B) two large and four small C) three D) two E) four

E) four

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is A) cholecystokinin. B) secretin. C) enteropeptidase. D) enterocrinin. E) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).

E) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).

An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is A) cholecystokinin. B) secretin. C) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). D) enteropeptidase. E) gastrin.

E) gastrin.

G cells of the stomach secrete A) enteropeptidase. B) cholecystokinin. C) secretin. D) pepsin. E) gastrin.

E) gastrin.

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? A) diaphragm B) mesentery proper C) falciform ligament D) lesser omentum E) greater omentum

E) greater omentum

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the A) haustrum. B) appendix. C) jejunum. D) duodenum. E) ileum.

E) ileum.

Circular folds and intestinal villi A) produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine. B) carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries. C) produce hormones. D) secrete digestive enzymes. E) increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

E) increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, A) secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells. B) the intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying. C) production of gastric juice slows down. D) the stomach responds to distention. E) increased production of gastric juice occurs.

E) increased production of gastric juice occurs.

The basic functional units of the liver are the A) hepatocytes. B) Kupffer cells. C) portal areas. D) bile canaliculi. E) lobules.

E) lobules.

Nutrients are absorbed by all of the following, EXCEPT A) active transport. B) diffusion. C) facilitated diffusion. D) cotransport. E) osmosis.

E) osmosis.

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called A) papillae. B) villi. C) plicae. D) cardia. E) rugae

E) rugae

What forms the roof of the oral cavity?

Hard Palate & Soft Palate

What are two features of the digestive E assisting in expansion of the organs?

Pilcae & Rugae

What are lacteals?

carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.

What are plicae circulares?

circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine.

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is

gastrin

What part of the digestive tract plays the primary role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients?

jejunum.

________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing. A) Premolars B) Incisors C) Cuspids D) Molars E) Bicuspids

C) Cuspids

To which region of the stomach does the esophagus connect? A) pylorus B) cardia C) body D) antrum E) fundus

B) cardia

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term duodenal ampulla? A) stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid B) carries absorbed sugars and amino acids C) stimulates gastric secretion D) where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum E) causes gallbladder to contract

B) carries absorbed sugars and amino acids

The pouchlike structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the A) appendix. B) cecum. C) sigmoid colon. D) haustra. E) rectum.

B) cecum.

The pylorus empties into the A) jejunum. B) duodenum. C) colon. D) cecum. E) ileum.

B) duodenum.

Haustra are A) glands in the large intestine that secrete mucus. B) expansible pouches of the colon. C) the source of colon hormones. D) compact feces stored in the rectum. E) strips of muscle in the colon.

B) expansible pouches of the colon.

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the A) cardia. B) fundus. C) pylorus. D) antrum. E) body.

B) fundus.

A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would A) inhibit the secretion of saliva from other glands. B) interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. C) occur when too much protein is ingested. D) prevent emulsification of lipids. E) cause mumps.

B) interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.

The middle segment of the small intestine is the A) pylorus. B) jejunum. C) ileum. D) duodenum. E) cecum.

B) jejunum

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called A) haustral churning. B) mass movements. C) segmentation. D) defecation. E) pendular movements.

B) mass movements.

The double-layer sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called A) peritoneal sheets. B) mesenteries. C) ascites. D) the diaphragm. E) the dorsal and ventral frenulums.

B) mesenteries.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the A) duodenum. B) mouth. C) ileum. D) stomach. E) esophagus.

B) mouth.

The gastroileal reflex A) promotes gastric secretion. B) moves some chyme to the colon. C) decreases peristaltic activity. D) empties the duodenum. E) is relayed through the CNS.

B) moves some chyme to the colon.

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? A) appendix B) pancreas C) spleen D) colon E) esophagus

B) pancreas

All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion except that it A) involves both neural and endocrine reflexes. B) precedes the gastric phase. C) helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency. D) functions to control the rate of gastric emptying. E) begins when chyme enters the small intestine.

B) precedes the gastric phase.

At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes A) ascending colon. B) transverse colon. C) sigmoid colon. D) rectum. E) descending colon.

B) transverse colon.

The dangling process that aids in keeping food out of the nasopharynx is known as the A) soft palate. B) uvula. C) pharyngeal tonsil. D) tongue. E) palatine tonsil.

B) uvula.