Chapter 24

Self-contained economies formed in South America in response to the economic crisis of the 1930s.

Autarkies

The WPA was designed to do which of the following?

Build municipal buildings.

The Civilian Conservation Corps was a New Deal program that employed young men building roads and trails in the national parks. Roosevelt believed the program would have a positive moral impact on the young men of the cities and those 'wild boys' whom the Depression had compelled to roam the nation.

CCC

The New Deal agency that employed young men to build roads and trails in the national parks was known by the acronym

CCC.

First lady of the United States beginning in 1932. She was in many ways the last great representative of a woman's reform tradition that flourished in the Progressive Era and the most prominent female reformer associated with the New Deal.

Eleanor Roosevelt

The most prominent woman reformer was

Eleanor Roosevelt.

Elected president in 1932 on a platform of bringing the United States out of the Great Depression through a New Deal for the American people.

FDR

By 1940, despite the New Deal reforms, the Republican Party remained dominant among the urban working class in the North, but not in the South.

False

In 1932, the term "bonus" referred to profits from the sale of stock in national banks.

False

Mary McLeod Bethune, after completing her work for the National Youth Administration, was hired to head the WPA.

False

Prior to entering national politics, Herbert Hoover had been a successful publisher.

False

Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon proposed a law to halt bank failures in order to stabilize the economy in the early 1930s.

False

The Blue Eagle was the symbol of national unity under the New Deal.

False

The Democrats accused President Hoover of opposing various measures that might have relieved poverty or stimulated recovery during the Depression.

False

The TVA was proposed by southern senators who wanted to develop the area surrounding the Tennessee River in Muscle Shoals, Alabama.

False

President of the United States during the stock market crash of 1929 and the beginnings of the Great Depression. Hoover himself came to symbolize the failures of the federal government.

Herbert Hoover

A loyal but critical supporter of FDR during the first Hundred Days, who eventually came to believe that more reform was required. As governor of Louisiana, Long slapped steep taxes on the oil industry, which he used to build or renovate roads, schools, hospitals, and Louisiana State University.

Huey Long

The WPA was criticized for all of the following except:

It lacked popular support.

Most Americans blamed the persistence and severity of the Great Depression on

President Hoover.

In the 1936 presidential election the voters demonstrated that

President Roosevelt's programs were extremely popular..

Franklin Roosevelt defeated Herbert Hoover in 1932 for all of the following reasons except:

Roosevelt had announced the specifics of his New Deal package of legislation..

Part of a New Deal permanent system of long-term economic security, the Social Security Act of 1935 established matching grants to states that set up their own systems of workers' compensation, unemployment insurance, and aid to families with dependent children and guaranteed pensions to millions of elderly Americans.

Social Security

All of the following were reasons that some Americans joined the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) in the 1930s except:

The CPUSA maintained an ideological rigidity and self-destructive deference to the dictates of the Soviet Union..

President Franklin D. Roosevelt tried to "pack" the Supreme Court with justices more favorable to the New Deal after the Court had struck down as unconstitutional

The National Industrial Recovery Act.

What New Deal measure guarantees workers the right to organize unions and bargain collectively?

The National Labor Relations Act

A series of reforms enacted between 1933 and 1938 designed to either cushion the effects of the Great Depression or bring the United States out of the Great Depression.

The New Deal

Blacks switched in large numbers to the Democratic Party in the election of 1936 because

The New Deal offered more assistance to poor, unemployed African Americans than any previous national programs..

"Black Tuesday" marked the culmination of a stock market decline, which within a month left investors with about half their previous holdings.

True

By 1940, despite the New Deal reforms, the Democratic Party remained dominant among the urban working class in the North and in the South.

True

Charles Coughlin was perhaps the first minister who involved himself in politics through radio.

True

During the Great Depression some became so fearful of the capitalist system that they called for a European-style dictatorship to manage the economy.

True

FERA was replaced by the CWA, which proved so expensive that Congress quickly abolished it.

True

Ford's automobile-manufacturing plants used conveyor belts to bring the work to the men.

True

General Douglas MacArthur and Major George Patton were assigned the task of breaking up the Bonus Marchers in the summer of 1932.

True

One of the goals of the TVA was to eliminate rural poverty.

True

Republicans stressed the international causes of the Great Depression, while Democrats focused more distinctly on the domestic ones.

True

The Securities and Exchange Act outlawed insider trading and other forms of stock manipulation.

True

Under the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, for the first time since the Civil War, a majority of voters identified themselves as Democrats.

True

A 1935 law that guaranteed workers the right to bargain collectively with their employers, outlawed company unions, prohibited employers from firing workers after a strike, restricted many of the other tactics traditionally used by companies to inhibit the formation of unions, and created the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to enforce these provisions.

Wagner Act

President Roosevelt lost much of his political dominance in the 1937-38 period because of all of the following except

a sharp recession within the Depression.

The greatest strength that Franklin Roosevelt brought to the presidency in the 1930s was his

ability to rebuild American confidence.

By 1930, the newer industries that fueled the economy of the United States included all of the following except

coal.

The New Deal..

did not end the depression.

Employers did not support the NIRA's protection of workers' rights to organize into unions. They did all of the following to try and prevent workers from organizing except

embracing worker unions and working with their employees..

All of the following were causes of the Great Depression except

expansion of the currency by the Federal Reserve System.

During the 1936 campaign for reelection, the Republicans charged FDR with

failure to balance the federal budget.

Between 1929 and 1933, the combined incomes of American workers

fell by more than 40 %

Senator Huey Pierce Long, Jr., of Louisiana supported all of the following except

generous retirement pensions of $200/month

The Hawley-Smoot Tariff is generally believed to have prevented

international trade from lifting the economy out of depression..

The Social Security Act in 1935 originally provided for all of the following benefits except

medical care.

The Tennessee Valley Authority was involved in all of the following except

oil drilling.

The CCC

sent 250,000 young men to do reforestation and conservation work..

President Hoover opposed all of the following except

the Reconstruction Finance Corporation..

The "One Hundred Days" refers to..

the active first three months of FDR's first term of office..

In addition to old-age pensions, the Social Security Act also provided for

unemployment compensations.

sent 250,000 young men to do reforestation and conservation work..

veto the Glass-Steagall Act.