Chapter 24: THE TRANSFORMATION OF EUROPE
The Peace of Westphalia, which ended of the Thirty Years' War, ensured that
Germany remained fragmented, the nations of Europe would no longer go to war over religion, each nation was permitted to direct its own internal affairs, the balance of power was the new principle of European diplomacy.
Charles V was unable to forge a united empire for all of the following reasons except
He alienated the pope for failing to crush Luther.
Which of the following was not part of Charles V's holdings?
England
What political motivations encouraged the spread of Protestantism?
Protestantism provided monarchs an opportunity to break away from the political domination of Rome.
Which individual is incorrectly paired with a scientific discovery?
Ptolemy and the moons of Jupiter.
Charles V was unable to forge a united empire for all of the following reasons
The Lutheran challenge sapped much of his attention, French kings undermined his efforts and allied themselves with his enemies, was no central administration to the empire; each state was governed separately, His empire was geographically fragmented.
The new monarchs were characterized by all of the following except
a commitment to individual liberty.
New institutions that supported early capitalism included all of the following
banks and lending institutions, stock exchanges, joint-stock companies, insurance companies.
Who benefited most from the religious controversy generated by the Reformation?
centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent authority.
New institutions that supported early capitalism included all of the following except
craft guilds.
The Spanish Inquisition relied on religious justifications to advance what political ends?
discouraging the Spanish nobles from adopting Protestantism.
The reforms of Peter I included all of the following except:
forming a council of nobles to advise him on how best to improve the lives of serfs.
Martin Luther's work had an enthusiastic popular support because
he attacked the sale of indulgences that the poor could not afford, many Christians shared his concern about the corruption of the Church, many German princes saw this as a way to break away from the Church, he supported the translation of the Bible from Latin into the vernacular languages.
The population of Europe grew dramatically in the seventeenth century because of
improved nutrition with new American food crops.
The new monarchs were characterized by all of the following
large centrally administered bureaucracies, standing professional armies, increased state revenues through taxes, enhanced power at the expense of the nobles, a commitment to individual liberty.
The reforms of Peter I included all of the following
offering better pay for peasants who served for life as professional soldiers, forcing his subjects to adopt western European fashions, building the city of St. Petersburg to serve as a base of naval operations, providing extensive training and modern weapons to soldiers.
Seventeenth-century constitutional monarchies are characterized by all of the following
representational institutions such as Parliament, a system of shared authority, state support for maritime trade and international commerce, recognition of individual rights.
Louis XIV managed to control the nobles of France and their activities by
requiring the nobility to live at Versailles where he could distract them and keep an eye on them.
In response to the challenges raised by the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church
summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen their spiritual commitment.
The Thirty Years' War began when
the Holy Roman Emperor tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to Catholicism.
One reason for the hysterical witch-hunts of the sixteenth century was that
the conflicts of the Reformation contributed to a climate of suspicion and violence.
Seventeenth-century constitutional monarchies are characterized by all of the following except
the election of the monarch by the merchant class.
The putting-out system was profitable for all of the following groups
the entrepreneurs who moved cloth production into the countryside, the rural workers who did the spinning and weaving, the consumers who bought the finished cloth, the merchant and traders who shipped woolen cloth outside the country.
The putting-out system was profitable for all of the following groups except
the guild members who specialized in specific elements of cloth production such as weaving or dying.
According to the divine-right theory of government,
the king derives his authority from God alone and is not accountable to his subjects.
Martin Luther's criticism of the Roman Catholic Church was greatly aided by
the printing press.
Isaac Newton's work seemed to suggest that
the stars and planets were part of a unified system, governed by the same natural laws.
Galileo's discoveries would not have been possible without
the telescope.
What was the principle work of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits)?
to be disciplined, educated representatives of the Church throughout the world
