chapter 24 urinary system

Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day.

180

Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include

hydrogen, creatinine, potassium ions, penicillin.

The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

proximal convoluted tubule.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

reabsorbing nutrients

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the

rectum

Regarding kidney function, in ________, solutes are transported from the peritubular fluid across the tubular epithelium into the tubular fluid.

secretion

The most abundant waste solute in urine is

urea

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

ureters

The renal sinus is

an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule

Renal columns are

bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex

The afferent arteriole in the kidney

carries blood to the glomerulus

Autoregulation of the rate of glomerular filtration has which of the following properties?

depends on changes in the mesangial cells. depends on changes in the efferent arteriole, depends on changes in the afferent arteriole

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

distal convoluted tubule.

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

efferent arteriole.

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation?

99

A glomerulus is

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle

Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.

cortex

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

excretes excess albumin molecules

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

fibrous capsule

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx?

final urine enters here

The process of filtration occurs at the

glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.

Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except

increase the glomerular filtration rate.

________ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine.

juxtamedullary

Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called

juxtamedullary nephrons.

Major calyces are

large branches of the renal pelvis

The functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

nephron loop

The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx.

papillary duct

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries.

peritubular

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except

proteins

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpscule

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

renal pelvis

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the

renal pelvis.

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

renal pyramids

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "renal papilla"?

tip of the medullary pyramid

Urine is eliminated from the body through the

urethra.

Urine is temporarily stored in the

urinary bladder

The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.

vasa recta

Regarding kidney function, in reabsorption,

water and solutes are transported from the tubular fluid, across the tubular epithelium, and into the peritubular fluid.