Chapter 25: Circulation

Flow Rate =

((BP upon entry of vascular system) -(BP upon exit of vessels)) / (vascular resistance)

Do NOT have a pressure pulse?

-capillaries -venules -veins

Do have a pressure pulse?

-large arteries -arterioles -terminal arteries

What are some facts about the squid heart?

1 systemic heart is myogenic 2 blood enters systemic heart from gills (gills --> systemic heart) 3 branchial hearts pump blood through gills

Which vessels of the systemic vascular system have the highest total cross-sectional area? a. Arterial vessels b. Capillary beds c. Venous vessels d. Both arteries and veins have equal areas.

b. Capillary beds

In which vessel(s) is there a lack of pressure pulse? a. Large arteries, terminal arteries, and arterioles b. Terminal arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and venules c. Capillaries, venules, and veins d. Venules and veins

c. Capillaries, venules, and veins

In the human heart, oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to the heart by the a. vena cava. b. aorta. c. pulmonary veins. d. pulmonary arteries.

c. pulmonary veins.

myogenic

originating in muscle tissue (rather than from nerve impulses).

The QRS complex arises from ventricular a. depolarization. b. contraction. c. repolarization. d. diastole.

a. depolarization

In crustacean circulatory systems, deoxygenated blood from the tissues enters the heart via a. ostia. b. the cardinal veins. c. the dorsal abdominal artery. d. the dorsal abdominal vein.

a. ostia.

In _______, there is no separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood at the heart. a. a teleost fish b. a lungfish c. amphibians d. reptiles

a. teleost fish

Arteries carry blood =

away from heart

Veins carry blood =

toward the heart

Which statement about squid is false? a. Their systemic heart receives largely deoxygenated blood. b. Their systemic heart is myogenic. c. Blood enters the systemic heart from the gills. d. Branchial hearts pump blood through the gills.

a. Their systemic heart receives largely deoxygenated blood.

Which statement about the insect circulatory system is true? a. Insects have a closed circulatory system and a tracheal system for delivering O2. b. Insects have an open circulatory system and a tracheal system for delivering O2. c. Insects have an open circulatory system and a derived lung for delivering O2. d. Insects have a closed circulatory system and solely a diffusion-based system for delivering O2.

b. Insects have an open circulatory system and a tracheal system for delivering O2.

Excessive protein in the blood plasma will _______ the loss of fluid through the capillaries. a. increase b. decrease c. have no effect on d. increase, and then decrease

b. decrease

Mean blood pressure in the brain of a standing person is _______ the blood pressure at the heart. a. higher than b. lower than c. exactly the same as d. approximately the same as

b. lower than

Flow rate equals the difference in blood pressure between the entry of the vascular system and the exit vessels, divided by a. the viscosity. b. vascular resistance. c. the viscosity multiplied by radius4. d. radius4.

b. vascular resistance.

In a fish that has an air-breathing organ, a. there are not likely to be functioning gills. b. the blood leaving the air-breathing organ mixes with blood leaving the gills. c. the blood leaving the air-breathing organ mixes with systemic venous blood. d. the blood enters the air-breathing organ following its exit from the gills.

c. the blood leaving the air-breathing organ mixes with systemic venous blood.

The hearts of vertebrates are myogenic, meaning that a. neurons control the inherent pace of the heart. b. the myocardium is compact and therefore has a coronary circulation. c. the impulse to contract originates within the muscle tissue. d. there is a cardiac conduction system.

c. the impulse to contract originates within the muscle tissue.

Which statement comparing the circulatory systems in mammals and birds is true? a. Birds have far smaller hearts per gram. b. Mammals have, on average, higher systolic blood pressures. c. Mammals have a higher pressure systemic circuit. d. Birds and mammals have essentially identical circulatory systems.

d. Birds and mammals have essentially identical circulatory systems.

Which property has the greatest effect on the flow of liquid through a tube? a. Pressure difference b. Viscosity of the liquid c. Length of the tube d. Radius of the tube

d. Radius of the tube

Cardiac output is directly proportional to a. heart rate. b. stroke volume. c. blood pressure. d. both heart rate and stroke volume.

d. both heart rate and stroke volume.

Among nonavian reptiles, crocodilians are unique because they a. have birdlike blood pressures. b. have hearts that are large relative to their mass. c. can shunt blood. d. have a complete ventricular septum.

d. have a complete ventricular septum.

When a mammal exercises, oxygen delivery is increased by a. increased blood flow. b. the extraction of more O2 per unit volume. c. increased blood flow and the extraction of more O2 per unit volume. d. increased blood flow, the extraction of more O2 per unit volume, and a lowering of resistance in the systemic vasculature.

d. increased blood flow, the extraction of more O2 per unit volume, and a lowering of resistance in the systemic vasculature.

The chambers of the teleost fish heart are the a. atria and the ventricles. b. atria, ventricles, and bulbus arteriosus. c. sinus venosus, atrium, and ventricles. d. sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus.

d. sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus

In a mammal, blood pressure is lowest in the a. arterioles. b. capillaries. c. venules. d. veins.

d. veins

Lungfish, Amphibians, and Reptiles all have ________.

separation of oyxgenated blood from deoxygenated blood