Chapter 25 - Digestive System

139) In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid: A) Rich in bicarbonate. B) That contains only proteinases. C) That contains only amylase. D) Rich in bile. E) Rich in enzymes.

A) Rich in bicarbonate.

27) During deglutition: A) The upper esophageal sphincter opens. B) The larynx elevates and the epiglottis opens. C) The soft palate elevates. D) all of the above E) A and C only

E) A and C only

58) The most striking aspect of intestinal histology is the: A) Variety of the cells lining the mucosa. B) Large number of goblet cells. C) Large number of endocrine cells. D) Complexity of the enzyme-secreting cells. E) Adaptations for increasing absorptive area.

E) Adaptations for increasing absorptive area.

108) The salivary gland produces ________ liters of saliva each day. A) 1.0 B) 1.3 C) 1.7 D) 2.0 E) 2.3

B) 1.3

42) The portion of the stomach that connects to the esophagus is the: A) Body. B) Cardia. C) Antrum. D) Fundus. E) Pylorus.

B) Cardia.

65) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is: A) Enterokinase. B) Cholecystokinin. C) Gastrin. D) GIP (Gastric inhibitory peptide) E) Secretin.

B) Cholecystokinin (CCK)

66) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is: A) Enterocrinin. B) Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). C) Cholecystokinin. D) Secretin. E) Enterokinase.

B) Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).

97) Carbohydrate digestion begins in the: A) Esophagus. B) Mouth. C) Ileum. D) Stomach. E) Duodenum.

B) Mouth.

87) Functions of the large intestine include: A) Chemical digestion of chyme. B) Resorption of water and compaction of feces. C) Primarily absorb the products of digestion. D) Temporary food storage. E) both A and C

B) Resorption of water and compaction of feces.

129) Decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with digestion of: A) complex carbohydrates. B) protein. C) Fat. D) Disaccharides. E) Vitamins.

C) Fat.

3) Which of the following is not a digestive function? A) mechanical processing B) absorption C) filtration D ingestion E) compaction

C) Filtration

80) Bile is stored in the: A) Liver. B) Duodenum. C) Gallbladder. D) Pancreas. E) Appendix.

C) Gallbladder.

39) Parietal cells secrete: A) Enterokinase. B) Pepsinogen. C) Hydrochloric acid. D) Mucus. E) gastrin

C) Hydrochloric acid.

94) Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements. A) peristaltic B) churning C) mass D) pendular E) segmentation

C) mass

124) The essential metabolic or synthetic service provided by the liver is A) Hematological regulation. B) Bile production. C) Metabolic regulation. D) A, B, and C E) none of the above

D) A, B, and C

127) The production of acid and enzymes by the gastric mucosa is controlled and regulated by: A) The central nervous system. B) Digestive tract hormones. C) Short reflexes coordinated in the stomach wall. D) A, B, and C E) none of the above

D) A, B, and C

133) All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach, except that it: A) Secretes bile for fat digestion. B) Is constantly being replaced. C) Is composed of simple columnar epithelium. D) Is covered by thick, viscous mucus. E) Contains gastric pits.

A) Secretes bile for fat digestion

12) A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following, except in the: A) Stomach. B) Oral cavity. C) Esophagus. D) Oropharynx. E) Rectum.

A) Stomach.

38) Functions of the stomach include all of the following, except: A) Storage of ingested food. B) Mechanical breakdown of food C) Denaturation of proteins. D) Absorption of dipeptides. E) Initiation of protein digestion.

D) Absorption of dipeptides.

147) If the pancreatic duct were obstructed, you would expect to see elevated blood levels of A) Bilirubin. B) Cholecystokinin. C) Secretin. D) Amylase. E) Gastrin.

D) Amylase.

83) All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion, except that it: A) Begins when chyme enters the small intestine. B) Involves both neural and endocrine reflexes. C) Functions to control the rate of gastric emptying. D) Ends when fat enters the small intestine. E) Helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency.

D) Ends when fat enters the small intestine.

123) The hormone that stimulates the secretion of the stomach and contraction of the stomach walls is: A) Cholecystokinin. B) Enterokinase. C) Secretin. D) Gastrin. E) CCK.

D) Gastrin.

138) A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would: A) Impair the lubricating properties of saliva. B) Result in the production of more viscous saliva. C) Eliminate the sense of taste. D) Interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. E) both B and C

D) Interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.

130) A molecule that blocks the activity of myosin light chain kinase would: A) Increase membrane permeability to calcium ions. B) Increase the contractility of smooth muscle in the intestine. C) Rapidly deplete intracellular stores of ATP. D) Interfere with smooth muscle contraction. E) stimulate mass movements of the large intestine

D) Interfere with smooth muscle contraction.

145) A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect: A) The composition of pancreatic secretions. B) The level of intestinal gastrin. C) Secretions of the duodenal glands. D) The amount of bile produced by the liver. E) both C and D

A) The composition of pancreatic secretions.

81) During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, A) There is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach. B) The intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying. C) Secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells. D) Production of gastric juice slows down. E) The stomach responds to distention.

A) There is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.

62) Plicae circulares are: A) Transverse folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine. B) Sacculations in the colon. C) Abnormal structures formed by excessive pressure in the small intestine. D) Ridges in the wall of the stomach. E) Fingerlike projections on the surface of the mucosa of the small intestine.

A) Transverse folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine.

78) The pancreas produces ______ digesting enzymes in the form of proenzymes. A) protein B) carbohydrate C) nucleic acid D) sugar E) lipid

A) protein

67) An intestinal hormone that stimulates parietal cells and chief cells in the stomach to secrete is: A) Enterokinase. B) Cholecystokinin. C) Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). D) Intestinal gastrin. E) Secretin.

D) Intestinal gastrin.

86) Digested materials move across the intestinal wall by all of the following, except: A) active transport. B) facilitated diffusion. C) diffusion. D) Osmosis. E) Cotransport.

D) Osmosis.

2) Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? A) stomach B) colon C) esophagus D) pancreas E) spleen

D) Pancreas

126) Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from: A) Sympathetic stimulation. B) Hunger. C) Hormonal stimulation. D) Parasympathetic stimulation. E) Myenteric reflexes.

D) Parasympathetic stimulation.

46) The prominent ridges in the lining of the stomach are called: A) papillae. B) villi. C) Plicae. D) Rugae. E) Cardia.

D) Rugae.

134) Which is greater? A) the pH of the blood in gastric veins during digestion of a large meal B) the pH of the blood in gastric veins following a 24-hour fast C) Neither is greater.

A) the pH of the blood in gastric veins during digestion of a large meal

64) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery secretion that is high in bicarbonate ion is: A) Enterocrinin. B) GIP. C) Cholecystokinin. D) Secretin. E) Gastrin.

D) Secretin.

122) The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients is the: A) Large intestine. B) Colon. C) Stomach. D) Small intestine. E) Cecum.

D) Small intestine.

128) As individuals age, A) There is decreased risk of colon cancer. B) There is very little change in the function of their digestive tract. C) They become more prone to diarrhea. D) Smooth muscle tone in the intestine decreases. E) They become less likely to develop ulcers.

D) Smooth muscle tone in the intestine decreases.

132) Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in: A) Moving the tongue. B) Mastication. C) Esophageal peristalsis. D) Swallowing. E) Opening the cardiac sphincter.

D) Swallowing.

17) The activities of the digestive system are regulated by: A) Hormones. B The contents of the digestive tract. C) Parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons. D) all of the above E) A and B only

D) all of the above

77) The pancreas produces: A) Nucleases. B) Lipases and amylase. C) Peptidases and proteinases. D) all of the above E) A and C only

D) all of the above

99) The "muscular tube" of the digestive system can also be referred to as the A) GI tract. B) Esophagus. C) Alimentary canal. D) both A and C E) all of the above

D) both A and C

59) The portion of the small intestine that is attached to the pylorus of the stomach is the: A) Jejunum. B) Cecum. C) Ileum. D) Colon. E) Duodenum.

E) Duodenum.

109) Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the digestive system each day. A) 7 B) 10 C) 2 D) 1 E) 5

A) 7

144) A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in: A) A higher pH during gastric digestion. B) Increased protein digestion in the stomach. C) A lower pH during gastric digestion. D) Decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells. E) Decreased gastrin production.

A) A higher pH during gastric digestion.

137) In response to the arrival of acid chyme in the duodenum, the: A) Blood levels of secretin rise. B) Blood levels of gastrin rise. C) Blood levels of enterocrinin fall. D) Blood levels of cholecystokinin fall. E) both C and D

A) Blood levels of secretin rise.

44) The large area of the stomach between the fundus and the J curve is the: A) Body. B) Pylorus. C) Cardia. D) Antrum. E) Fundus.

A) Body.

95) The enzyme alpha amylase helps digest: A) Complex carbohydrates. B) Nucleic acids. C) lipids. D) proteins. E) simple sugars.

A) Complex carbohydrates.

18) The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except: A) Digestion of cholesterol fats. B) Mechanical processing of food. C) Lubrication. D) Digestion of carbohydrates. E) Analysis of material before swallowing.

A) Digestion of cholesterol fats.

53) Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the: A) Duodenum. B) Jejunum. C) Ileum. D) Liver. E) Pancreas.

A) Duodenum.

167) Select the correct match: A) Gallbladder ------ stores bile B) esophagus --------secretes digestive enzymes C) pancreas -------transports material to stomach

A) Gallbladder ------ stores bile

52) Plicae and intestinal villi: A) Increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine. B) Secrete digestive enzymes. C) Produce hormones. D) Carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries. E) Produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine.

A) Increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

85) The gastroileal reflex: A) Makes room for more intestinal contents by moving some chyme to the colon. B) Promotes gastric secretion. C) Is a solely endocrine reflex. D) Decreases peristaltic activity. E) Is responsible for emptying the duodenum.

A) Makes room for more intestinal contents by moving some chyme to the colon.

49) The enzyme pepsin digests: A) Proteins. B) carbohydrates. C) lipids. D) vitamins. E) Nucleic acids.

A) Proteins.

104) The ________ chemically breaks down materials. A) esophagus B) stomach C) anus D) large intestine

B) stomach

68) The enzyme enterokinase: A) Functions in carbohydrate digestion. B) Stimulates release of pancreatic secretions. C) Activates protein-digesting enzymes. D) Functions in lipid digestion. E) Stimulates the release of bile.

C) Activates protein-digesting enzymes.

84) All of the following are true of the enterogastric reflex, except that it: A) Is triggered by distention of the stomach. B) Produces an increase in glandular secretion. C) Aids in the defecation reflex. D) Increases peristaltic activity all along the digestive tract. E) Aids in emptying the duodenum.

C) Aids in the defecation reflex.

73) Each of the following is a function of the liver, except: A) Synthesis and secretion of bile. B) Synthesis of plasma proteins. C) Antibody production. D) Storage of glycogen and lipid reserves. E) Inactivation of toxins.

C) Antibody production.

135) Enterogastric reflexes: A) Are solely neural. B) Stimulate gastric motility. C) Are triggered when the pH of chyme is too low. D) Increase gastric secretion. E) none of the above

C) Are triggered when the pH of chyme is too low. (p 972b)

136) A blockage of the opening in the duodenal papilla would do all of the following, except: A) Decrease protein digestion. B) Decrease carbohydrate digestion. C) Increase emulsification of fats. D) Interfere with neutralization of gastric chyme. E) Impair fat digestion.

C) Increase emulsification of fats.

37) The esophagus: A) Extends from the fauces to the stomach. B) Functions in digestion of carbohydrates. C) Is a muscular tube. D) Has a thick lining that will tolerate stomach acid. E) Releases digestive enzymes that begin the digestion of peptides.

C) Is a muscular tube.

57) Absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by all of the following, except: A) Intestinal movements. B) The microvilli. C) Its reduced length. D) The villi. E) The plicae circulares.

C) Its reduced length

4) The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the: A) Muscularis mucosa. B) Serosa. C) Mucosa. D) Adventitia. E) Submucosa.

C) Mucosa

40) Chief cells secrete: A) Hydrochloric acid. B) Mucus. C) Pepsinogen. D) Gastrin. E) Intrinsic factor.

C) Pepsinogen.

15) Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract from one point to another are called: A) Segmentation. B) Churning movements. C) Peristalsis. D) Pendular movements. E) Mastication.

C) Peristalsis.

45) The curved, tubular portion of the J-shaped stomach is the: A) Cardia. B) Fundus. C) Pylorus. D) Antrum. E) Body.

C) Pylorus.

89) Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the: A) Rectal column. B) Sigmoid colon. C) Rectum. D) Anal canal. E) Anus.

C) Rectum.

50) A proteinase that is produced in the stomachs of newborn infants and that functions in the digestion of milk protein is: A) Cholecystokinin. B) Pepsin. C) Rennin. D) Trypsin. E) Gastrin.

C) Rennin

1) Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the: A) Pharynx. B) Stomach. C) Spleen. D) Esophagus. E) Colon.

C) Spleen

143) The stomach is able to distend a great deal as it receives food because of all of the following, except that A) There is a great deal of loose tissue in the form of rugae. B) Increased sympathetic stimulation during filling of the stomach decreases the tonus of the gastric smooth muscle. C) The hormone gastrin aids in the relaxation of stomach smooth muscle. D) The smooth muscle of the stomach is very elastic. E) The mucosa of the stomach is very elastic.

C) The hormone gastrin aids in the relaxation of stomach smooth muscle.

142) Damage to motor fibers in which cranial nerve would not possibly interfere with the deglutition reflex? A) X B) IX C) XI D) V E) XII

C) XI

113) All of the following contain goblet cells, except the: A) large intestine B) small intestine C) esophagus D) stomach E) transverse colon

C) esophagus

28) Which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands? A) help lubricate the oral cavity and its contents B) contain enzymes for the digestion of complex carbohydrates C) help control bacterial populations in the mouth D) contain enzymes for the digestion of simple sugars E) are mostly water

D) contain enzymes for the digestion of simple sugars

82) The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the: A) Entry of chyme into the small intestine. B) Release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine. C) Entry of chyme into the large intestine. D) Sight, thought, or smell of food. E) Entry of food into the stomach.

E) Entry of food into the stomach.

13) A modification of the digestive epithelium that allows expansion of the organ is the presence of: A) Large amounts of skeletal muscle. B) Mucous glands. C) Ciliated columnar cells. D) Flat surfaces. E) Folds or pleats.

E) Folds or pleats.

41) Enteroendocrine cells of the stomach secrete: A) Secretin. B) Pepsin. C) Cholecystokinin. D) Enterokinase. E) Gastrin.

E) Gastrin.

16) Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called: A) Defecation. B) Haustral churning. C) Pendular movements. D) Segmentation. E) Mass movements.

E) Mass movements.

140) In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid: A) Rich in bicarbonate. B) That contains only amylase. C) Rich in bile. D) That contains only proteinases. E) Rich in enzymes.

E) Rich in enzymes.

96) An enzyme that will digest proteins into polypeptides is: A) Maltase. B) Amylase. C) Nuclease. D) Lipase. E) Trypsin.

E) Trypsin.

103) Which of the following is a role of the digestive tract lining? A) digests swallowed bacteria B) protects from abrasions C) safeguards nearby tissue D) protects from digestive acids E) all of the above

E) all of the above

106) The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity: A) Prevents irritation. B) Secretes peritoneal fluid. C) Decreases friction. D) Lubricates the cavity. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

101) This organ is responsible for primary water absorption. A) stomach B) small intestine C) esophagus D) anus E) large intestine

E) large intestine