Chapter 25 - Digestive System

109) Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the digestive system each day.

A) 7

47) The greater omentum is:

A) A fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.

144) A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in: A) A higher pH during gastric digestion. B) Increased protein digestion in the stomach. C) A lower pH during gastric digestion. D) Decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells. E) Decreased gastrin production.

A) A higher pH during gastric digestion.

137) In response to the arrival of acid chyme in the duodenum, the: A) Blood levels of secretin rise. B) Blood levels of gastrin rise. C) Blood levels of enterocrinin fall. D) Blood levels of cholecystokinin fall. E) both C and D

A) Blood levels of secretin rise.

18) The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except: A) Digestion of cholesterol fats. B) Mechanical processing of food. C) Lubrication. D) Digestion of carbohydrates. E) Analysis of material before swallowing.

A) Digestion of cholesterol fats.

167) Select the correct match: A) Gallbladder ------ stores bile B) esophagus --------secretes digestive enzymes C) pancreas -------transports material to stomach

A) Gallbladder ------ stores bile

52) Plicae and intestinal villi:

A) Increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

48) Gastric pits are:

A) Pockets in the lining of the stomach that contain secretory cells.

49) The enzyme pepsin digests:

A) Proteins.

139) In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid: A) Rich in bicarbonate. B) That contains only proteinases. C) That contains only amylase. D) Rich in bile. E) Rich in enzymes.

A) Rich in bicarbonate.

133) All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach, except that it: A) Secretes bile for fat digestion. B) Is constantly being replaced. C) Is composed of simple columnar epithelium. D) Is covered by thick, viscous mucus. E) Contains gastric pits.

A) Secretes bile for fat digestion

12) A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following, except in the:

A) Stomach.

145) A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect: A) The composition of pancreatic secretions. B) The level of intestinal gastrin. C) Secretions of the duodenal glands. D) The amount of bile produced by the liver. E) both C and D

A) The composition of pancreatic secretions.

81) During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, A) There is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach. B) The intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying. C) Secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells. D) Production of gastric juice slows down. E) The stomach responds to distention.

A) There is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.

151) The oral cavity is also known as the buccal cavity. A) True B) False

A) True

153) The secondary dentition usually contains 32 teeth. A) True B) False

A) True

154) The proper term for chewing is mastication A) True B) False

A) True

155) After processing in the stomach, the gastric contents are referred to as chyme: A) True B) False

A) True

156) Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats by emulsifying large fat droplets. A) True B) False

A) True

165) The dangling process that aids in preventing aspiration of food is known as the uvula. A) True B) False

A) True

100) The ________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability.

A) mesentery proper

78) The pancreas produces ______ digesting enzymes in the form of proenzymes.

A) protein

134) Which is greater? A) the pH of the blood in gastric veins during digestion of a large meal B) the pH of the blood in gastric veins following a 24-hour fast C) Neither is greater.

A) the pH of the blood in gastric veins during digestion of a large meal

108) The salivary gland produces ________ liters of saliva each day.

B) 1.3

65) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is:

B) Cholecystokinin (CCK)

66) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is:

B) Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).

114)Alteration in pH is an example of

B) Local stimulation.

97) Carbohydrate digestion begins in the:

B) Mouth.

87) Functions of the large intestine include:

B) Resorption of water and compaction of feces.

10) Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the:

B) Submucosa.

7) The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold some of the visceral organs in their: proper position.

B) mesenteries

104) The ________ chemically breaks down materials.

B) stomach

5) The myenteric plexus is:

C) A network of neurons

73) Each of the following is a function of the liver, except: A) Synthesis and secretion of bile. B) Synthesis of plasma proteins. C) Antibody production. D) Storage of glycogen and lipid reserves. E) Inactivation of toxins.

C) Antibody production.

93) A small, fingerlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the Cecum is the:

C) Appendix.

135) Enterogastric reflexes: A) Are solely neural. B) Stimulate gastric motility. C) Are triggered when the pH of chyme is too low. D) Increase gastric secretion. E) none of the above

C) Are triggered when the pH of chyme is too low. (p 972b)

129) Decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with digestion of:

C) Fat.

80) Bile is stored in the:

C) Gallbladder.

39) Parietal cells secrete:

C) Hydrochloric acid.

136) A blockage of the opening in the duodenal papilla would do all of the following, except: A) Decrease protein digestion. B) Decrease carbohydrate digestion. C) Increase emulsification of fats. D) Interfere with neutralization of gastric chyme. E) Impair fat digestion.

C) Increase emulsification of fats.

57) Absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by all of the following, except: A) Intestinal movements. B) The microvilli. C) Its reduced length. D) The villi. E) The plicae circulares.

C) Its reduced length

146) An obstruction of the cystic duct would result in: A) Pancreatitis. B) Inability to digest protein. C) Jaundice. D) An inability to absorb water-soluble vitamins. E) Increased sugar in the chyme.

C) Jaundice.

98) Most products of fat digestion are absorbed by:

C) Lymphatic vessels.

111) The sheets of serous membrane that connect the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum are called:

C) Mesenteries.

4) The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the:

C) Mucosa

40) Chief cells secrete:

C) Pepsinogen.

15) Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract from one point to another are called:

C) Peristalsis.

50) A proteinase that is produced in the stomachs of newborn infants and that functions in the digestion of milk protein is:

C) Rennin

1) Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the: A) Pharynx. B) Stomach. C) Spleen. D) Esophagus. E) Colon.

C) Spleen

141) Digestion of a carbohydrate results in large amounts of the monosaccharides glucose and galactose. This carbohydrate was probably: A) Cellulose. B) Maltose. C) Sucrose. D) Glycogen. E) Lactose.

C) Sucrose.

143) The stomach is able to distend a great deal as it receives food because of all of the following, except that A) There is a great deal of loose tissue in the form of rugae. B) Increased sympathetic stimulation during filling of the stomach decreases the tonus of the gastric smooth muscle. C) The hormone gastrin aids in the relaxation of stomach smooth muscle. D) The smooth muscle of the stomach is very elastic. E) The mucosa of the stomach is very elastic.

C) The hormone gastrin aids in the relaxation of stomach smooth muscle.

112) What stabilizes the position of the stomach and provides an access route for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

C) lesser omentum

6) Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

C) muscularis mucosa

105) Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?

C) submucosa

124) The essential metabolic or synthetic service provided by the liver is A) Hematological regulation. B) Bile production. C) Metabolic regulation. D) A, B, and C E) none of the above

D) A, B, and C

127) The production of acid and enzymes by the gastric mucosa is controlled and regulated by: A) The central nervous system. B) Digestive tract hormones. C) Short reflexes coordinated in the stomach wall. D) A, B, and C E) none of the above

D) A, B, and C

147) If the pancreatic duct were obstructed, you would expect to see elevated blood levels of A) Bilirubin. B) Cholecystokinin. C) Secretin. D) Amylase. E) Gastrin.

D) Amylase.

125) If the lingual frenulum is too restrictive, an individual: A) Cannot control movements of the tongue. B) Has difficulty tasting food. C) Cannot swallow properly. D) Cannot eat or speak normally. E) Can do all of these with no difficulty.

D) Cannot eat or speak normally.

26) The crown of a tooth is covered by:

D) Enamel.

83) All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion, except that it: A) Begins when chyme enters the small intestine. B) Involves both neural and endocrine reflexes. C) Functions to control the rate of gastric emptying. D) Ends when fat enters the small intestine. E) Helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency.

D) Ends when fat enters the small intestine.

123) The hormone that stimulates the secretion of the stomach and contraction of the stomach walls is: A) Cholecystokinin. B) Enterokinase. C) Secretin. D) Gastrin. E) CCK.

D) Gastrin.

67) An intestinal hormone that stimulates parietal cells and chief cells in the stomach to secrete is:

D) Intestinal gastrin.

2) Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? A) stomach B) colon C) esophagus D) pancreas E) spleen

D) Pancreas

126) Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from:

D) Parasympathetic stimulation.

46) The prominent ridges in the lining of the stomach are called:

D) Rugae.

64) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery secretion that is high in bicarbonate ion:

D) Secretin.

122) The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients is the:

D) Small intestine.

8) Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the:

D) Submucosal plexus

132) Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in:

D) Swallowing.

120) Functions of teeth include: A) Chewing. B) Circulating food. C) Mastication. D) all of the above

D) all of the above

17) The activities of the digestive system are regulated by: A) Hormones. B The contents of the digestive tract. C) Parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons.

D) all of the above

77) The pancreas produces: A) Nucleases. B) Lipases and amylase. C) Peptidases and proteinases.

D) all of the above

99) The "muscular tube" of the digestive system can also be referred to as the A) GI tract. B) Esophagus. C) Alimentary canal. D) both A and C E) all of the above

D) both A and C

71) In the center of a liver lobule there is a: A Sinusoid. B) Hepatic duct. C) portal vein. D) central vein. E) Portal area.

D) central vein.

28) Which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands? A) help lubricate the oral cavity and its contents B) contain enzymes for the digestion of complex carbohydrates C) help control bacterial populations in the mouth D) contain enzymes for the digestion of simple sugars E) are mostly water

D) contain enzymes for the digestion of simple sugars

102) Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?

D) greater omentum

119) Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?

D) parotid

116) The oral mucosa has _______ epithelium. A) single squamous B) muscular C) simple D) stratified squamous E) none of the above

D) stratified squamous

23) The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called:

E) Dentin.

82) The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the: A) Entry of chyme into the small intestine. B) Release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine. C) Entry of chyme into the large intestine. D) Sight, thought, or smell of food. E) Entry of food into the stomach.

E) Entry of food into the stomach.

41) Enteroendocrine cells of the stomach secrete:

E) Gastrin.

75) ___ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of plates radiating outward from a central vein.

E) Hepatocytes

24) The portion of a tooth that receives blood vessels and nerves is the:

E) Pulp.

140) In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid: A) Rich in bicarbonate. B) That contains only amylase. C) Rich in bile. D) That contains only proteinases. E) Rich in enzymes.

E) Rich in enzymes.

106) The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity: A) Prevents irritation. B) Secretes peritoneal fluid. C) Decreases friction. D) Lubricates the cavity.

E) all of the above

101) This organ is responsible for primary water absorption.

E) large intestine