Chapter 25 Review Questions

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is demonstrated by A. pH 7.36, PaCO2 55, HCO3 36 B. pH 7.45, PaCO2 40, HCO3 28 C. pH 7.26, PaCO2 60, HCO3 26 D. pH 7.40, PaCO2 40, HCO3 24

A

Respiratory acidosis is associated with A. increased carbonic acid B. hypokalemia C. increased neuromuscular excitability D. increased pH

A

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by A. hyperventilation B. pneumonia C. chest muscle weakness D. pulmonary edema

A

Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of A. carbonic acid defecit B. metabolic acid deficit C. metabolic acidosis D. carbonic acid excess

B

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete? A. Metabolic B. Carbonic C. Bicarbonate D. Ammonia

B

A person with acute hypoxemia may have hyperventilation and develop A. respiratory acidosis B. respiratory alkalosis C. metabolic alkalosis D. metabolic acidosis

B

A 3 year old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis. What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment? A. Slow, shallow breathing, belligerence, hyperexcitability B. Slow, shallow breathing, numbness and tingling around his mouth C. Rapid, deep breathing, lethargy, abdominal pain D. Rapid, deep breathing, tremors, elevated blood pressure

C

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience A. neuromuscular depression B. anxiety acidosis C. numbness and tingling in the extremities D. acute compensatory metabolic acidosis

C

Causes of metabolic acidosis include A. hyperventilation B. massive blood transfusion C. tissue anoxia D. hypoventilation

C

Diarrhea causes A. respiratory acidosis B. respiratory alkalosis C. metabolic acidosis D. metabolic alkalosis

C

If an individual has a fully compensated metabolic acidosis, the blood pH is A. high B. low C. in the normal range D. either high or low, depending on the type of compensation

C

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO2 = 30 mm Hg, HCO3 = 24 mEq/L demonstrates A. metabolic acidosis B. respiratory acidosis C. respiratory alkalosis D. mixed alkalosis

C

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is A. hemoglobin B. albumin C. bicarbonate D. phosphate

C

The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who A. is in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure B. has had hypokalemia for over a week C. has had diarrhea for over a week D. has newly diagnosed Cushing syndrome

C

Emesis causes A. respiratory acidosis B. respiratory alkalosis C. metabolic acidosis D. metabolic alkalosis

D

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by A. hypernatremia B. hyponatremia C. hyperkalemia D. hypokalemia

D

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by A. decreased carbon dioxide B. elevated carbon dioxide C. decreased bicarbonate ion concentration D. elevated bicarbonate ion concentration.

D

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by A. hyperventilation B. massive blood transfusion C. tissue hypoxia D. hypoventilation

D

The ? system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis? A. gastrointestinal B. renal C. cardiac D. respiratory

D

Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as A. metabolic acidosis B. metabolic alkalosis C. respiratory alkalosis D. mixed acid-base imbalance

D

The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by A. hypoventilation B. decreasing arterial carbon dioxide C. increasing bicarbonate ion excretion D. hyperventilation

A

The finding of ketones in the blood suggests that a person may have A. metabolic acidosis B. metabolic alkalosis C. respiratory acidosis D. respiratory alkalosis

A

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in A. increased pH, increased HCO3 B. increased pH, decreased HCO3 C. decreased pH, increased HCO3 D. decreased pH, decreased HCO3

A

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse. Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician? A. pH in high part of normal range, PaO2 normal, PaCO2 normal, bicarbonate normal B. pH in high part of normal range, PaO2 normal, PaCO2 high bicarbonate high C. pH in low part of normal range, PaO2 normal, PaCO2 low, bicarbonate low D. pH in low part of normal range, PaO2 normal, PaCO2 normal, bicarbonate normal

B

Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to A. metabolic alkalosis B. metabolic acidosis C. respiratory acidosis D. mixed acid-base disorders

B

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include A. coma B. headache C. muscle cramps D. short and shallow respirations

B