Chapter 25 Test

Robert Moses

A civil Rights activist, who is known for his work as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee on voter education and registration in Mississippi

Black Power Movement

After 1965, many African Americans, especially urban young people, began to turn away from King. Some leaders called for more aggressive forms of protest. Some organizations, including CORE and SNCC, believed that African Americans alone should lead their struggle

Explain how the findings and recommendations of the Kerner Commission related to racism.

Because all the riots had to be caused by something and what they found was the major cause was because of all the racism and brutality against african-americans

Why did riots break out in dozens of American cities in the late 1960s?

Because of the Watts riots it angered other people all over the countries, and on top of that there was just a lot of tension throughout the tension.

Why did many young African Americans join the black power movement?

Because they wanted to stand up for themselves and what their people believed in. To make a point to the rest of the country.

Black Panthers

Black Panther leaders called for an end to racial oppression and for control of major institutions in the African American community, such as schools, law enforcement, housing, and hospitals

Core

Founded by James Farmer, CORE began using sit-ins, a form of protest popularized by union workers in the 1930s, to desegregate restaurants that refused to serve African Americans.

Summarize how the Freedom Riders helped the civil rights movement.

Freedom Riders helped the civil rights movement through many ways. One, they brought awareness to not only the movement, but also the government. They also tested the ruling of Boynton vs. Virginia, which ruled segregation in interstate bus and rail stations unconstitutional. In conclusion, people of all races and genders went.

Kennedy and Civil Rights

Kennedy believe that we are all equal and tried to make us all equal He defined it as a morale crisis. Due process

How did the Kennedy administration's Justice Department help the civil rights movement?

Kennedy helped the civil rights movement by supporting it in his speeches and telling people about it. In honor of Kennedy, the Civil Rights Act was passed.

Brown Vs Board of Education

Linda Brown was denied admission into her school because of her race. She was told to attend the all black school across town. On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

How did opponents of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 use the filibuster to try to block its passage?

Senators prevented votes by taking the floor and talking the whole time.

Segregation

Separate people because of their race and ethnicity from everyone else.

Crisis in Little Rock

September 1957, the school board in little rock was under a federal court order to allow 9 african american students to be admitted into Central High.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Started with Rosa Parks, and other African-Americans continued to Boycott the busses and walk everywhere.

Plessy Vs. Ferguson

Supreme Court case that permitted laws segregating African Americans as long as equal facilities were provided(1896)

How did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 allow the federal government to fight racial discrimination?

The Act set a clear set of laws that everyone had to follow and clearly stated that everyone, male or female from any race, is equal.

Why was the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 a turning point in the civil rights movement?

This was a turning point, because of the fact that voting is huge part of equality and freedom. All people were finally able to vote, which allowed for the fact that everyone was equal.

Stokely Carmichael

To most, including Stokely Carmichael, the leader of SNCC in 1966, the term meant that African Americans should control the social, political, and economic direction of their struggle

Ezell Blair Jr.

Was a civil rights activist who was also a part of Greensboro Four.

Joseph Mcneil

Was a major in the United States Air Force, but was best known for being in the Greensboro Four- a group of African Americans who sat down at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in downtown Greensboro, North Carolina challenging the store's policy of denying service to non-white customers.

Civil rights act of 1964

a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Cloture

a motion that ends debate and calls for an immediate vote

Watts Riots

an African American neighborhood in Los Angeles. Allegations of police brutality served as the catalyst for this uprising. It lasted for six days and required more than 14,000 members of the National Guard and 1,500 law officers to restore order. This also caused other cities to start rioting and causing chaos.

Senator Harry F. Byrd

an American newspaper publisher, and political leader of the Democratic Party in Virginia. He was against integration.

Filibuster

an attempt to kill a bill by having a group of senators take turns speaking continuously so that a vote cannot take place

Freedom Riders

civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States

Civil Right Act

outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Voting Rights of 1965

signed into law on August 6, 1965, by President Lyndon Johnson. It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting.

The Kerner Commission

President Johnson appointed the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders to try and find out what was causing all the riots. Later became known as the Kerner Commission, blames racism for all the problems going on in the inner cities.

NAACP

(National association for the advancement of colored people.) A civil rights organization established in 1909.

Norris Vs Alabama

1935 court case, which the court ruled that exclusion of African-Americans from juries violated their rights to equal protection under the law.

Thurgood Marshall

An African American chief causal member, from 1939 to 1961, the NAACP's chief counsel and director of its Legal Defense and Educational Fund

MLK Assassinated

April 4, 1968, Memphis, TN. He gave a speech at Mason Temple Church and the following day at 6pm he was struck by a sniper in the neck.

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Defines housing discrimination as "refusal to sell or rent a dwelling to any person because of his race, color, religion, or national origin". This gave African-Americans the right to fair housing and tenants.

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Enacted September 9th, 1957, primarily and voting bill, and was the first legislation passed since 1875.

Factors that lead to racism

Even if African Americans had been allowed to move into white neighborhoods, many were stuck in low-paying jobs with little chance of advancement. In 1960 only 15 percent of African Americans held professional, managerial, or clerical jobs, compared to 44 percent of whites. The average income of African American families was only 55 percent of that of the average income for white families. Almost half of African Americans lived in poverty, with an unemployment rate typically twice that of whites.

Eisenhower's Impact

He told shipyards and veteran hospitals to desegregate, and at the same time he disagreed with using protests and court rulings.

James Farmer

In 1942 James Farmer and George Houser founded the Congress of Racial Equality in Chicago.

Malcolm X

Malcolm X's speeches and ideas influenced a new generation of militant African American leaders who preached black power, black nationalism, and economic self-sufficiency. In 1966 in Oakland, California, Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale organized the Black Panthers.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs

How did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s death affect the civil rights movement?

Of course people were sad and distraught over it, but it also empowered it, because it proved that since it was working and it was positive people wanted it to fail and for it to not continue.

March on Washington

On August 28, 1963, more than 250,000 demonstrators, African American and white, gathered near the Lincoln Memorial. They heard speeches and sang songs. Dr. King then delivered a powerful speech calling for freedom and equality for all Americans.

MLK's Chicago Movement

Poor neighborhoods in the nation's major cities were overcrowded and dirty, leading to higher rates of illness and infant mortality. Juvenile delinquency rates rose, as did the rate of young people dropping out of school. Complicating matters even more was a rise in the number of single-parent households.

Selma March

The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches, held in 1965, along the 54-mile highway from Selma, Alabama to the state capital of Montgomery.

Violent events during this time.

The Watts riots, The kerner Commission, there was a shift in economic rights and the movement of African Americans into rising up and getting equality.

What were the goals of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee?

The goal of this was to get students to support the cause of the movement, and to act in a nonviolent way.

The KKK murder three SNCC members

The three members were working to register black voters in Mississippi, which cause an outraged in the Klan. The deaths of these three memebers caused an outrage in the nation.

David Richmond and Franklin McCain sit in SCLC

These were the last two African Americans that were a part of the Greensboro four. They were apart of the Sit-in Movement of 1959, at the Woolworth's department store