Chapter 25-Varieties of Imperialism in Africa, India, Southeast Asia and Latin America, 1750-1914

13. Who was Henry Morton Stanley? a. A British-American explorer who searched for David Livingstone. b. The writer of the first journal of British imperialism. c. The first mariner around the Cape of Good Hope. d. The British general responsible for defeating the French in Bengal. e. The leader of the movement for independence in Trinidad.

a. A British-American explorer who searched for David Livingstone.

39. The first secular school for Indian women was founded in a. Calcutta b. New Delhi c. Bombay d. Nepal e. Jaipur

a. Calcutta

52. The leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain, 1895-1898, was a. Emilio Aguinaldo b. Pancho Villa c. Emile Zapata d. Porfirio Diaz e. None of the above

a. Emilio Aguinaldo

12. A significant difference in Ethiopian identification compared to other African nations was a. It was predominantly Christian for 1500 years. b. It was predominantly Muslim since the seventh century C.E. c. it followed indigenous religious practices but remained tolerant of monotheism. d. It was predominantly Buddhist since trade missions with China in the 16th century. e. It was religiously tolerant and multicultural with virtually no religious policy.

a. It was predominantly Christian for 1500 years.

14. Why did the slave trade end? a. Slave revolts and humanitarian reform movements ended it. b. Africa refused to sell slaves to Europeans anymore, even for guns. c. The plantation system became self-sufficient. d. The soil could no longer support sugar crops. e. Too many slaves died on the voyages to make slave trading profitable anymore.

a. Slave revolts and humanitarian reform movements ended it.

53. What were the primary results of the Spanish-American War of 1898? a. The U.S. won b. The U.S. Secretary of State John Hay called it "a splendid war" c. The U.S. purchased the Philippines from Spain d. The U.S. took over Puerto Rico and Cuba e. all of the above

a. The U.S. won

54. The Mexican Revolution sparked in 1910 resulted in which of the following in 1917? a. a constitutional government b. a monarchy c. a communist state d. a failed state e. none of the above

a. a constitutional government

15. Ironically, the British were the world's greatest slave traders and later a. became the most aggressive abolitionists. b. reopened the slave trade with the Asante. c. interfered with the French treatment of their slaves in Saint Domingue. d. replaced factory workers with African slaves. e. conspired to operate an illegal slave-trading operation out of Barbados.

a. became the most aggressive abolitionists.

22. Although the East India Company was founded in 1600, the British gradually colonized India by a. defeating the French and picking apart the decaying Mughal Empire. b. making alliances with Persian traders to establish trading posts. c. enslaving Indians on sugar plantations. d. paying the Dutch enormous amounts of money to abandon their Indian economic interests and trade only in Java. e. getting the population addicted to opium.

a. defeating the French and picking apart the decaying Mughal Empire.

4. As a result of Shaka's leadership, the Zulu succeeded in creating a new a. national identity. b. system of writing. c. economic system based on cowrie shells. d. national education system. e. state that lasted until the twentieth century.

a. national identity.

27. One of the critical features for Britain's control of India at the local level was with the use of Muslim princes called a. nawabs. b. sepoys. c. client patron relations. d. "company men. e. rajput royalty.

a. nawabs.

17. The most successful export from West Africa after British abolition of slavery was a. palm oil. b. gold. c. ivory. d. lumber. e. illicit slaves.

a. palm oil.

55. Having "liberated" Cuba from Spain after 1898, U.S. troops also went on to occupy a. the Dominican Republic, 1904-1907. b. Nicaragua, 1912. c. Honduras, 1912. d. Haiti, 1915. e. all of the above

a. the Dominican Republic, 1904-1907.

6. The African slave trade was perpetuated by a. the Sokoto Caliphate. b. the Madagascar Empire. c. the Hausa states. d. Egypt and Sudan. e. Liberia.

a. the Sokoto Caliphate.

35. In 1870, the Indian railroad system was a. the fifth largest in the world b. practically nonexistent. c. still run by Indians. d. for the British only; few Indians used it. e. based on the Japanese model.

a. the fifth largest in the world

44. The migration of Afrikaners from British-ruled Cape Colony for fertile land in the north is called the a. Great Escape. b. Great Trek. c. Long March. d. Death March. e. Great March.

b. Great Trek.

41. A significant method of instilling nationalism in India was a. declaring an official dialect of India, Hindi. b. establishing schools and universities. c. running railroads, which mixed all members of caste systems together. d. trying to streamline the Hindu and Parsi religions. e. enacting public performances of the Mahabharata.

b. establishing schools and universities.

47. The first British settlers in Australia were a. soldiers who had been mustered out. b. exiled convicts. c. homesteaders who received grants of land. d. recruited from settlements in India. e. indentured servants.

b. exiled convicts.

16. Africans wanted European manufactured goods, so when the slave trade ended, they a. satisfied their demand for goods by developing indigenous manufacturing. b. expanded their "legitimate" trade by developing new exports. c. learned to manage without European goods. d. were never able to afford European goods. e. hired European consultants to develop factories.

b. expanded their "legitimate" trade by developing new exports.

29. The EIC transformed the Indian economy by exporting raw cotton to Britain, a. encouraging the Indian mercantile economy. b. expanding agricultural production and decreasing industrial output. c. extending social security benefits to all castes. d. taxing merchants on a lower scale than farmers. e. expanding industrial capacity so that it would be in line with the West.

b. expanding agricultural production and decreasing industrial output.

51. Most indentured servants left their homes because they a. were sold by their parents. b. hoped to better their economic and social position. c. were pressured by their governments to leave. d. were tricked and did not know where they were going. e. wanted religious freedom.

b. hoped to better their economic and social position.

2. The Zulu kingdom arose primarily because of a. centralized African defense against the British. b. internal conflicts over grazing and farm lands. c. individuals brought to power by the Portuguese. d. conflicts over hunting lands and the gold rush. e. the spread of epidemic disease from the Americas.

b. internal conflicts over grazing and farm lands.

19. What radically altered the social structure of the coastal trading communities? a. the slave trade b. palm oil exports. c. the rubber trade. d. demand for ivory. e. the discovery of gold and diamonds in the trans-vaal area.

b. palm oil exports.

45. The underlying goal of British imperialism in the late century, as exemplified by Cecil Rhodes was to a. control foreign territory. b. promote British trade overseas. c. beat other nations to new territories. d. protect British citizens overseas. e. find a place to send convicts and other "undesirables."

b. promote British trade overseas.

34. One of the most significant reasons for the expansion of India's trade was: a. an Indian unification movement. b. public works and infrastructure projects. c. British extension of manufacturing technology to local populations. d. utilizing the mechanization system of division of labor to improve productivity. e. urbanization.

b. public works and infrastructure projects.

7. One of the chief attractions in the Sokoto Caliphate was a. the slave market b. the Great Library c. an international port of trade. d. an international Islamic university e. the first African railroad depot.

b. the Great Library

24. Sepoys were Indian troops who a. fought against the nawabs. b. were hired and trained to protect European companies' warehouses. c. fought for Hindu India against the Muslims. d. fought against the British in India. e. fought to end French occupation of Bengal.

b. were hired and trained to protect European companies' warehouses.

11. Emperor Téwodros of Ethiopia had assistance in the local manufacture of weapons from a. Egyptian soldiers. b. Islamic merchants. c. British traders. d. African scholars. e. renegade Dutch mercenaries.

c. British traders.

31. Why was the Sepoy Rebellion a turning point in the history of India? a. The British were finally rebuffed and withdrew from India. b. The sepoys successfully pushed the British out of Bengal. c. India came to be ruled directly by the British government. d. It inspired the development of new weapons that did not require gunpowder. e. All of these

c. India came to be ruled directly by the British government.

8. Muhammad Ali's creation of modern Egypt was shaped by the shock of a. the invading Ottoman armies. b. encountering the Industrial Revolution. c. Napoleon's occupation of Egypt. d. Portuguese raids deep into the Red Sea area. e. the Russian Revolution.

c. Napoleon's occupation of Egypt.

5. The largest of the new Muslim reform movements occurred in the Hausa states of which area? a. Swazi lands b. northern Nigeria c. Sokoto Caliphate d. southern Egypt

c. Sokoto Caliphate

1. The Nguni peoples of southeastern Africa traditionally had pursued a life based on a. the Atlantic slave trade. b. mining and mineral wealth. c. cattle and agriculture. d. hunting and raiding. e. the gold and ivory trade.

c. cattle and agriculture.

9. Egyptian modernization was paid for by a. expanding into weaker neighboring states. b. fighting for the British in return for money. c. developing a cotton industry that rivaled the United States'. d. mining, primarily of silver. e. borrowing money from the Netherlands.

c. developing a cotton industry that rivaled the United States'.

50. Plantation workers served contracts of indenture that usually lasted a. one to two years. b. two to four years. c. five to seven years. d. eight to ten years. e. ten to twelve years.

c. five to seven years.

18. "Recaptives" were a. slaves repatriated to Madagascar. b. U.S. slaves who wanted to return to Africa. c. slaves who were taken off illicit trade ships by the British navy and restored to free status in Sierra Leone. d. escaped slaves who were resold into slavery by the East Africans when the Atlantic slave trade stopped. e. Africans who had gone to Europe for education but returned to Africa to recapture their traditional heritage.

c. slaves who were taken off illicit trade ships by the British navy and restored to free status in Sierra Leone.

25. The "Bombay Presidency" was a. a British puppet government with a local Bombay nawab named as the legitimate leader. b. a temporary rebellion centered in Bombay and carried out by supporters of Tipu Sultan. c. territory taken over in 1818 by the East India Company after defeating the Maratha Confederation. d. the stronghold of resistance against the British by the Maratha Confederation. e. the last territory held by the Mughal Empire.

c. territory taken over in 1818 by the East India Company after defeating the Maratha Confederation.

10. Egypt was able to build a modern state based on cotton exports until the market for Egyptian cotton collapsed after a. the British switched their preference to Indian cotton. b. King Jaja instituted peasant economies based on hand weaving that undercut Ali's labor forces. c. the American cotton market resumed after the Civil War. d. new work on irrigation canals caused a decrease in flooding of the Nile, and cotton crops failed for five years successively. e. France occupied Egypt and prevented it from exporting cotton to Britain.

c. the American cotton market resumed after the Civil War.

3. The kingdoms of Lesotho and Swazi were created by attracting refugees a. to labor camps to benefit the British. b. to protect their peoples from the Dutch. c. to strongholds in the southern African mountains. d. originally as "paper" states that did not exist. e. to fight the Europeans.

c. to strongholds in the southern African mountains.

42. Cape Colony was initially important to the British because it a. was Britain's first foothold in Africa. b. had great mineral wealth. c. was a strategic supply station for the lengthy India route. d. showed that the French could be defeated overseas. e. was Britain's source for rubber.

c. was a strategic supply station for the lengthy India route.

33. The Indian Civil Service a. staffed largely by Indians. b. abolished after the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857. c. widely recruited those who could speak multiple Indian languages and English. d. theoretically open to all, but actually excluded Indians. e. was based on the Confucian system of examinations.

d. theoretically open to all, but actually excluded Indians.

43. Which of the following were Dutch overseas possessions taken over by the British to incorporate into their "Eastern Empire?" a. Malacca b. Guiana c. Cape Colony d. Ceylon e. All of the above

e. All of the above

28. The British invoked "tradition" in India to a. enhance and benefit their supporters in British-ruled India. b. endow religious leaders with power to maintain control over the population. c. enforce the image of Britain's monarchy and wealth. d. provide a justification to keep control over the population in the absence of a regular, established colonial policy. e. All of these

e. All of these

38. The Indian National Congress initially sought a. ethnic and religious unity. b. more rights for Indians. c. more access to the Civil Service. d. called for reductions in military expenditures. e. All of these

e. All of these

48. By encouraging self-government in the South Pacific settler colonies, Britain a. satisfied settlers' desires for greater control. b. muted potential demands for independence. c. made colonial governments pay their own expenses. d. avoided the same conflicts that led to the American Revolution. e. All of these

e. All of these

26. What was the British raj? a. British tea b. British school c. British clothes d. A British game e. British rule of South Asia

e. British rule of South Asia

30. What prevented the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857 from becoming a full-scale revolution? a. British withdrawal from India b. British sponsorship of home rule as a compromise c. Rivalry between Hindu and Muslim sepoys d. British shipment of massive troops from abroad to squash the rebellion before it could spread e. No sense of Indian nationalism between Hindus and Muslims

e. No sense of Indian nationalism between Hindus and Muslims

37. The first reformer to advocate Pan-Indian nationalism was a. Mohandas K. Gandhi. b. Muhammad Ali Jinnah. c. Martin Luther King, Jr. d. Indira Gandhi. e. Rammohun Roy.

e. Rammohun Roy.

20. Western African nations saw cultural influence from the west in which of the following areas? a. Christian conversion. b. expansion of education c. architectural motifs. d. outlawing slavery. e. all of the above

e. all of the above

21. Which of the following is true of the Eastern African states referred to as "secondary empires"? a. They were not directly controlled by Europeans but were supplied with European weapons. b. Their primary slave trade was with the Islamic regions of North Africa and the Middle East. c. Slavery was prominent within East African states. d. Some slaves were traded to the Indian Ocean regions controlled by European countries. e. all of the above

e. all of the above

23. Fragmentation made it easier for the British to establish themselves in India. The power of India was divided by which of the following a. Iranian forces. b. the Maratha Confederation. c. nawabs. d. European forces. e. all of the above

e. all of the above

32. The changes in the wake of the Sepoy Rebellion included which of the following? a. a law guaranteeing all Indians equal protection. b. a law requiring freedom of religion and social custom. c. the placement of a viceroy governor-general in Delhi. d. respect for the rights of Indian princes loyal to the Crown. e. all of the above

e. all of the above

46. What were the outcomes of the Berlin Conference on Africa in 1884 and 1885? a. "Effective occupation" replaced former trading relationships. b. European countries had to send troops to assist in the division of Africa. c. King Leopold of Belgium obtained a personal "domain" in the Congo. d. It led to a scramble to partition Africa. e. all of the above

e. all of the above

49. After British slave emancipation in 1834, new plantation workers came from a. Africa. b. the Pacific islands. c. British India. d. China. e. all of these.

e. all of these.

36. The deadliest disease in India was kala mari (black death), also known as a. Calcutta fever. b. bubonic plague. c. scarlet fever. d. smallpox. e. cholera.

e. cholera.

40. Progress in women's rights in India was made in all of the following forms except: a. restricting child marriages. b. outlawing widow burning c. revocation of laws prohibiting widows from remarrying. d. criminalizing female infanticide. e. outlawing prostitution.

e. outlawing prostitution.