Chapter 26-28

Which of the following leaders led a campaign known as the Great Purge?

Joseph Stalin

Kemal Mustafa later came to be known as ____________________, or "Father of the Turks."

Kemal Atatürk

____________________ is information designed to influence people's opinions.

Propaganda

Which of the following men instituted reforms most similar to those made in Turkey under Kemal Atatürk?

Reza Shah Pahlavi

Which best describes conditions in Russia on the eve of World War I?

Russia was a troubled country, with a worsening economy and an ineffective ruler.

In 1914, an archduke from Austria-Hungary was assassinated in the city of ____________________.

Sarajevo

Stalin's approach to Communist government differed from Karl Marx's because

Stalin wanted to increase the government's power rather than reduce it.

Which event caused many Japanese people to question their government's foreign policy with the West?

The United States barred Japanese immigration.

____________________ is hostility toward or prejudice against Jews.

Anti-Semitism

Which series of events led to World War I?

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia moved to support Serbia, and Germany declared war on Russia.

In 1917, the Russian czar ordered the Russian legislature, called the ____________________, to disband.

Duma

The Battle of ____________________ severely weakened the Axis Powers in North Africa.

El Alamein

After World War I, Japan's vast natural resources enabled the country to remain self-sufficient

False

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, China invaded Japan

False

The Weimar Republic was viewed favorably by Germans after leaders signed the Versailles treaty.

False

The annexation of Austria by Germany began World War II.

False

Germany began the war with a quick strike into Belgium and planned to move on to attack ____________________

France

The ____________________, or truce, that ended the fighting in World War I was agreed to on November 11, 1918.

armistice

Women's participation in World War I consisted primarily of

assisting on the home front and nursing wounded soldiers.

Gandhi believed in two important concepts—ahimsa, or non-violence, and _________________________.

civil disobedience

____________________ is the deliberate destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group.

genocide

Treaties turned a portion of the Ottoman Empire into ____________________, or territories to be ruled by European powers.

mandates

What was the immediate result of trench warfare

massive deadlock

Czarina Alexandra's reliance on ____________________ for advice weakened any remaining public support for the Russian monarchy.

Grigory Rasputin

How did Hitler respond to the successful invasion of France by the Allies?

He ordered a counterattack in Belgium.

How did Joseph Stalin punish Ukrainians who resisted collectivization?

He withheld all food from the region.

____________________ led the Japanese government at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Hideki Tojo

How did the Zimmermann Note affect American neutrality?

It led to strong public support for U.S. entry into the war.

The Nazi campaign to imprison inferior people included which of the following targets?

Jews, homosexuals, disabled people, Poles, Slavs, and Gypsies

What did Kemal Atatürk and Reza Shah Pahlavi have in common?

Both wanted to make their nations modern and independent.

A top Bolshevik Russian official named ____________________ accepted harsh terms in his negotiation for peace with the Central Powers.

Leon Trotsky

Bolshevism later became known as _________________________.

Marxism-Leninism

_________________________ was an Indian lawyer who organized nonviolent protests against British policies.

Mohandas Gandhi

Japanese troops killed as many as 100,000 Chinese men, women, and children in the ____________________.

Nanjing Massacre

Roosevelt's program, known as the ____________________, aimed to use government spending to jumpstart the economy.

New Deal

The partnership formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the late 1800s was called the ____________________.

Triple Alliance

Collectivization was the process of combining small farms to form larger, mechanized farms

True

Germans made solid advances in the Allied battle lines at the Battle of the Bulge in Belgium.

True

In 1936, Japan and Germany signed an agreement promising aid to each other if attacked by the Soviet Union.

True

Many German Jews could not leave Nazi Germany because emigration was outlawed

True

The Battle of the Bulge was significant because it marked the end of major German resistance

True

The British passed the Rowlatt Acts in 1919 to enable them to deal harshly with growing opposition to their rule in India.

True

The Great Depression created ideal conditions for the rise of powerful leaders who promised to restore their nations to glory.

True

The deadlocked region in northern France where German and Allied positions changed little early in the war was called the ____________________.

Western Front

The Gallipoli Campaign was

a failed attempt by the Allies to defend a shipping route to Russia against the Ottoman Empire.

Why was the Soviet Union unprepared for Hitler's attack in June 1941?

because the Soviets had previously signed a nonaggression pact with Germany

Why did both sides in World War I turn to new weapons?

because trench warfare had led to a stalemate

After Mohandas Gandhi urged Indians to ____________________ British products such as cloth, the spinning wheel became the symbol of his movement for change.

boycott

Before World War II, Hitler's Nazi government

passed restrictive laws severely limiting the rights of Jews.

Britain pioneered the use of ____________________ in World War I to cross rough battlefield terrain.

tanks

The Bolsheviks took over the Russian government after

the Red Guards attacked the provisional government.

Which of the following resulted in the spread and deepening of the Great Depression?

the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

Hitler's declaration that "Surrender is forbidden" to his commanders at the Battle of Stalingrad led to

the capture of 90,000 Axis survivors and a crushing defeat for Hitler.

The Siege of Leningrad resulted in

the starvation of one million Russian civilians.

For the Soviet Union, what was the turning point in the war in Europe?

their victory at Stalingrad

Control of North Africa was vital for the Allies because

they needed to control the Suez Canal in order to obtain oil from the Middle East.

Why did Japanese forces attack Manchuria?

to gain control of its rich natural resources