Chapter 26: fluid electrolyte and acid base balance
Have the most most water
Infant
Which statement about acids is tru
Weak acids only dissociate partially in solution
Which condition would cause a drop in pH
hypoventilation
The largest percentage of body water is located in what compartment?
intracellular fluid
ADH acts on the ____________ to ___________ water excretion.
kidneys; decrease
Any arterial pH between __________ is considered physiological acidosis.
7.0 and 7.35
Which of the following tissues is the least hydrated
Adipose tissue
The most important buffer system of extracellular fluid such as plasma is the ___buffer system
Bicarbonate
Acidosis results in increasing levels of what ion?
Hydrogen
Most fluid is in the
ICF compartment
The only organs of the body that can remove excess nonvolatile fixed acids are the
Kidneys
Renal acid-base control mechanisms are coupled to
Na+ transport
Diuretics peaks ____ after drinking water
One hour
What is the most abundant cation in intracelular fluid
Potassium
The most important buffer system in the intracellular fluid compartment is the ____ buffet system
Protein
Most abundant cation in extracellular fluid is
Sodium
The most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is
Sodium
The most important factor that influences K + secretion is
The concentration of K+ in the ECF
A major stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone is __________.
a rise in plasma osmolality
Estrogens are chemically similar to _____ and are therefore associated with water retention
aldosterone
When the concentration of Na+ in the ECF decreases
aldosterone levels increase
When atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the heart because of increased blood pressure, it causes __________.
decreased sodium and water reabsorption
parathyroid hormone
enhances release of calcium from bone
The condition in which sodium levels are too low is referred to as
hyponatremia
Which of the following would increase sodium excretion
progesterone
Electrolyte balance in the body usually refers to the balance of __________.
salts
Normal arterial blood pH is
slightly alkaline
