Chapter 26: fluid electrolyte and acid base balance

Have the most most water

Infant

Which statement about acids is tru

Weak acids only dissociate partially in solution

Which condition would cause a drop in pH

hypoventilation

The largest percentage of body water is located in what compartment?

intracellular fluid

ADH acts on the ____________ to ___________ water excretion.

kidneys; decrease

Any arterial pH between __________ is considered physiological acidosis.

7.0 and 7.35

Which of the following tissues is the least hydrated

Adipose tissue

The most important buffer system of extracellular fluid such as plasma is the ___buffer system

Bicarbonate

Acidosis results in increasing levels of what ion?

Hydrogen

Most fluid is in the

ICF compartment

The only organs of the body that can remove excess nonvolatile fixed acids are the

Kidneys

Renal acid-base control mechanisms are coupled to

Na+ transport

Diuretics peaks ____ after drinking water

One hour

What is the most abundant cation in intracelular fluid

Potassium

The most important buffer system in the intracellular fluid compartment is the ____ buffet system

Protein

Most abundant cation in extracellular fluid is

Sodium

The most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is

Sodium

The most important factor that influences K + secretion is

The concentration of K+ in the ECF

A major stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone is __________.

a rise in plasma osmolality

Estrogens are chemically similar to _____ and are therefore associated with water retention

aldosterone

When the concentration of Na+ in the ECF decreases

aldosterone levels increase

When atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the heart because of increased blood pressure, it causes __________.

decreased sodium and water reabsorption

parathyroid hormone

enhances release of calcium from bone

The condition in which sodium levels are too low is referred to as

hyponatremia

Which of the following would increase sodium excretion

progesterone

Electrolyte balance in the body usually refers to the balance of __________.

salts

Normal arterial blood pH is

slightly alkaline