Chapter 26: Normal and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

What is the term for the exacerbation of somatic or mood symptoms in the late luteal or menstrual phase of the cycle? a. Premenstrual magnification b. Perimenstrual dysmenorrhea c. Premenstrual syndrome d. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

Gonadotropin hormone-releasing agonists are recommended for only short-term use to treat heavy bleeding due to a. their many side effects, such as hot flashes .b. the fact that they cause amenorrhea. c. the fact that they are poorly understood. d. their poor interaction with hormonal contraception.

A.

Signs of endometrial or cervical cancer may present abnormal uterine bleeding, often as heavy, prolonged bleeding or a. menometrorrhagia .b. amenorrhea .c. oligomenorrhea. d. polymenorrhea

A.

What is a good first question to ask women who present with a concern about abnormal bleeding? a. What is a normal pattern for you? b. How long has this persisted? c. What was your last menstrual cycle like? d. How many times has this occurred?

A.

What is the term for excessive terminal hair growth in women? a. Hirsutism b. Alopecia c. PCOS

A.

What should be used for women whose hirsutism remains refractory after 6 months of combined oral contraceptive use? a. Antiandrogens b. Progestogens c. Metformin d. GnRH

A.

Which dietary supplement has been shown to help treat PMS? a. Calcium b. Magnesium c. Vitamin B12 d. Iron

A.

Hyperandrogenism in reproductive-age women is most frequently associated with a. hyperthyroidism. b. polycystic ovary syndrome .c. ovarian cancer. d. diabetes.

B

What is used when pelvic pathology is unable to be detected by physical examination or other testing? a. Biopsy b. Laparoscopy c. Colposcopy d. Palpation

B

When is a pelvic examination unnecessary for a woman who is experiencing AUB? a. If she is not sexually active b. If she has recently begun menstruating c. If her bleeding is extremely heavy d. If she also has anemia

B

All menstruating women report that which type of symptoms is highest during menses? a. Muscular b. Gastrointestinal c. Incontinent d. Skeletal B

B.

Pelvic pain in adolescents is almost always a. chronic .b. gynecological. c. psychosocial. d. musculoskeletal.

B.

When is a pelvic examination unnecessary for a woman who is experiencing AUB? a. If she is not sexually active b. If she has recently begun menstruating c. If her bleeding is extremely heavy d. If she also has anemia B

B.

How can weight loss specifically control symptoms of PCOS? a. It decreases SHBG. b. It increases insulin resistance. c. It decreases androgen levels. d. It increases estrogen levels

C

How is secondary dysmenorrhea defined? a. Absence of menstruation due to an underlying pathology b. Painful menstruation in the absence of pathology c. An underlying pathology causing pain symptoms during menstrual flow d. Painful menstruation that occurs in women after the age of 35

C

What is the best definition of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)? a. Uterine bleeding for which no pelvic pathology is found b. Uterine bleeding that is irregular during a woman's menstrual cycle c. Uterine bleeding that is irregular in amount or frequency d. Uterine bleeding that is related to systemic conditions

C

What is the most common type of menstrual dysfunction related to hyperandrogenism? a. Painful menstruation b. Absence of mense sc. Irregular bleeding d. Early menopause

C

Pharmacological treatment for chronic pelvic pain frequently begins with a. high-dose progestins .b. GnRH. 'c. oral analgesics .d. COCs. C

C.

Progesterone breakthrough bleeding is sometimes seen in women who a. have polycystic ovary syndrome. b. are obese. c. use progesterone-only contraception. d. have ceased progesterone therapy.

C.

What hormone has been shown to help with relieving the mood discomfort cluster of symptoms of PMS? a. Diuretics b. NSAID c. Progesterone d. Fluoxetine

C.

What is the best definition of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)? a. Uterine bleeding for which no pelvic pathology is found b. Uterine bleeding that is irregular during a woman's menstrual cycle c. Uterine bleeding that is irregular in amount or frequency d. Uterine bleeding that is related to systemic conditions

C.

What treatment was introduced in the 1990s as a less invasive alternative to hysterectomy? a. Myomectomy b. NSAIDs c. Endometrial ablation d. LNG-INS

C.

Which of the following is one of the key criteria for a diagnosis of PMS? a. The symptoms markedly interfere with occupational functioning b. One of the symptoms is depressed mood, anxiety, or irritability c. Exclusion of other diagnoses that may better explain the symptoms d. The symptoms are confirmed by prospective daily ratings over at least two menstrual cycles

C.

Why should psychotherapy always be considered for women with chronic pelvic pain? a. Chronic pelvic pain is often psychosomatic .b. Acute pelvic pain is often caused by depression .c. Physical abuse is a significant cause of pelvic pain. d. Dysmenorrhea is a common symptom.

C.

What is the definition of primary amenorrhea? a. The cessation of menses for an interval of 6 months b. The failure to begin menses by age 14 c. The cessation of menses due to outflow tract obstruction d. The failure to begin menses by age 16

D

Which of the following might be a sign of hyperandrogenism? a. Irritable bowel syndrome b. Decreased sebum secretion in the skin c. Decreased muscle mass d. Acne associated with menstrual dysfunction

D

Women who report experiencing the most severe symptoms of PMS tend to be a. in their late 40s .b. in their early 20s .c. in their late teens. d. in their late 30s D

D

A first-line recommended treatment for women with PCOS is a. photoepilation .b. anabolic steroids. c. analgesics. d. combined oral contraceptives

D.

Exercise-induced amenorrhea is probably due to the combination of low body fat and decreased secretion of a. estrogen. b. prolactin. c. progesterone. d. GnRH.

D.

In women of reproductive age, the most common cause of a bleeding pattern that is suddenly different is a. an increase in estrogen. b. a reaction to a change in eating or exercise habits. c. adrenal hyperplasia. d. a complication of pregnancy.

D.

What is one of the most common gynecological-related causes of chronic pelvic pain? a. Cervical cancer b. Amenorrhea c. Dysmenorrhea d. Endometriosis

D.

What test should be ordered for a woman who is experiencing AUB as well as headaches and peripheral vision changes? a. Thyroid-stimulating hormone test b. Nucleic acid amplification test c. Complete blood count d. Prolactin level test

D.

Why are women with PCOS at a threefold increased risk of developing endometrial cancer? a. The reduction in estrogen causes excess progesterone to build up .b. Menstrual bleeding is irregular and unpredictable. c. Insulin resistance stimulates the production of androgens. d. Estrogen regularly stimulates the endometrium.

D.

hat medicine has been associated with causing hyperandrogenism? a. Combined oral contraceptives b. Antiandrogens c. Analgesics d. Anabolic steroids

D.

Products from which of the following herbs have been associated with alterations in estrogen levels, resulting in AUB? a. Gingko b. Echinacea c. Evening Primrose d. Chaste tree berry

a.

Signs of endometrial or cervical cancer may present abnormal uterine bleeding, often as heavy, prolonged bleeding or a. menometrorrhagia. b. amenorrhea .c. oligomenorrhea. d. polymenorrhea.

a.

How can liver and renal diseases result in abnormal uterine bleeding? a. They cause an imbalance in platelet aggregation. b. They result in an inability to adequately clear estrogen from the body. c. They cause thyroid dysfunction, which leads to bleeding abnormalities. d. They result in elevated prolactin levels, which leads to bleeding abnormalities.

b.

Exercise-induced amenorrhea is probably due to the combination of low body fat and decreased secretion of a. estrogen. b. prolactin. c. progesterone. d. GnRH.

d.

The least variation in menses occurs during the ages of a. 30-50. b. 40-50. c. 12-20. d. 20-40.

d.