chapter 26
The nurse is discussing risk factors for hypertension with a client. Which factors are nonmodifiable risk factors for development of hypertension? Select all that apply.
Advanced age Ethnicity
Which client would the nurse recognize as needing to be assessed for orthostatic hypotension?
An 80-year-old client who has experienced two falls while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who is experiencing angina. Which finding might be expected in a client with dyslipidemia?
Elevated total cholesterol
A client has developed atherosclerosis. The nurse knows that a major cause for this disorder is:
hypertension
A client is immobilized following a hip injury. The client has developed lower leg discoloration with edema, pain, and tenderness in the mid calf area. How should the nurse document these clinical findings?
Deep vein thrombosis
The nurse suspects a client has stage 2 systolic hypertension. What systolic pressure would confirm the nurse's suspicion?
140 mm Hg or higher
The client tells the provider he has lower back pain. Although most abdominal aneurysms are asymptomatic, the provider examines the client for which initial sign of this condition?
A pulsating mass in the abdomen
When trying to educate a client about the release of free radicals and the role they play in formation of atherosclerosis, which statement is most accurate?
Activated cells that release free radicals oxidize LDL, which is harmful to the lining of your blood vessels.
A client is diagnosed with stage 2 hypertension. The nurse knows that which of the following is characteristic of stage 2 hypertension?
sustained systolic pressure ≥160 mm Hg
A nurse is participating in a health fair and is addressing many of the varied factors that can contribute to hypertension. The nurse should be cognizant of the higher incidence and prevalence of hypertension in which groups?
Black and South Asian people
A pregnant female client is at risk for the development of preeclampsia-eclampsia. Select the most important data to assess.
Blood pressure 160/100 mm Hg and proteinuria during the 30th week of pregnancy
A nurse is planning a community education program on lifestyle modification to manage hypertension. Which topic should be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.
Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products Reduce dietary sodium intake Stop smoking Limit alcohol consumption
An older adult client's blood pressure (BP) is 120/80 mm Hg when in a lying position. When the nurse retakes the client's BP in a sitting position, the BP is 92/60 mm Hg. Which intervention is appropriate for the nurse to implement?
Encouraging the client to maintain hydration throughout the day
The client has symptoms of a focal inflammatory condition of medium-sized and large arteries which includes diplopia. Which condition does the client have?
Giant cell temporal arteritis
Which intervention by the client will decrease overall cardiovascular risk?
Higher levels of fitness and exercise
When will the nurse plan to assess a client's blood pressure to confirm the possible diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension?
In the morning before arising from bed
The student attends a health fair and has his serum cholesterol checked. He has a high lipoprotein level (LDL). He understands which of the following about LDL cholesterol?
It is believed to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion.
The nurse is teaching a group of clients about hypertension. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when the clients state:
It is the most common cardiovascular disorder The incidence increases with age The systolic pressure is ≥140 mm Hg
Which of the following are characteristic signs of acute arterial embolism?
Pallor, pulselessness, and pain
The nurse's brother is not convinced that he should quit smoking. He asks his sister (the nurse) to demonstrate for him the more immediate effects of smoking on his health. Which of the following could be used to help convince the brother to stop smoking?
Measure his blood pressure and show him how much higher it is when he is smoking.
A client has been diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The nurse is planning care and recognizes that the client is most at risk for:
Pulmonary embolism
A client presents to the emergency department reporting bilateral cyanosis and pallor of the fingers after being out in the cold weather for 5 minutes. The toes are of normal color. What is a potential diagnosis for this client?
Raynaud disease
In infants and children, secondary hypertension is the most common form of hypertension. What is the most common cause of hypertension in an infant?
Renal artery thrombosis
A 56-year-old woman presents at the clinic complaining of the unsightliness of her varicose veins and wants to know what can be done about them. The nurse explains that the treatment for varicose veins includes which intervention?
Sclerotherapy or surgery
The nurse is preparing to auscultate a client's blood pressure. Which information obtained from the client would indicate that the nurse should wait 30 minutes prior to obtaining a reading?
The client just smoked a cigarette
The postoperative client has a catheter in his brachial artery for continuous blood pressure monitoring. Which assessment would be a concern for the nurse?
The client states his hand is numb.
A client is pregnant for the first time and is considered to be at high risk for preeclampsia. The care team should prioritize which intervention?
Vigilant blood pressure monitoring
A client is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for treatment of hypertension. What expected outcome does the nurse expect this medication will have?
Will prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a postsurgical client. A major goal is to prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement?
apply sequential pneumatic compression devices to lower extremities
The nurse recognizes that there are many factors that influence blood flow within the systemic circulation. In the circulatory system, which of the following are called resistance vessels?
arterioles
A client is immobilized following a hip injury. The client has developed lower leg discoloration with edema, pain, and tenderness in the mid calf area. How should the nurse document these clinical findings?
deep vein thrombosis
An older adult client's blood pressure (BP) is 120/80 mm Hg when in a lying position. When the nurse retakes the client's BP in a sitting position, the BP is 92/60 mm Hg. Which intervention is appropriate for the nurse to implement?
encouraging the client to maintain hydration throughout the day
A client is diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis. The nurse anticipates the administration of which medication in an attempt to dissolve the clot?
streptokinase
A client with chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes has just been diagnosed with secondary hypertension. This increase in blood pressure is likely caused by which physiologic factor?
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
A client has been prescribed a thiazide diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), for the initial treatment of hypertension. What effect does the nurse know this drug will have on the body to consequently decrease blood pressure?
Decrease vascular volume
The client has been diagnosed with impaired blood flow in the deep venous channels of her legs. The nurse explains that the most common cause of this condition is:
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
A 50-year-old man is having routine blood work done as part of his yearly physical. The doctor informs him that his good cholesterol is low. To which form of cholesterol is the doctor referring?
HDL
A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is asking what treatment will be needed. About which topics should the nurse educate the client? Select all that apply.
Smoking cessation Dietary measures to reduce LDL levels Weight reduction if overweight
The nurse is providing education for a client diagnosed with essential hypertension. The nurse will state that the cause of this disorder is:
Unknown
The nurse is reviewing a client's medications and lab results. The client has a high LDL level. Which medication can raise this level?
beta-blockers
A client has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which lab result would the practitioner expect?
Elevation of triglycerides