Chapter 26 review questions

A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is: A. Osteogenesis imperfecta B. Achondroplasia C. Radial ray defect D. Caudal regression syndrome

Achondroplasia

The most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is: A. Achondrogenesis B. Achondroplasia C. Thanatophoric dysplasia D. Osteogenesis imperfecta

Achondroplasia

The artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as: A. Acoustic shadowing B. Posterior enhancement C. Reverberation artifact D. Edge artifact

Acoustic shadowing

The disorder associated with fetal amputations is: A. Achondroplasia B. Osteogenesis imperfecta C. Thanatophoric dysplasia d D. Amniotic band syndrome

Amniotic band syndrome

What abnormality results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of joint contractures? A. Acromegaly B. Radial ray defect C. Achondrogenesis D. Arthrogryposis

Arthrogryposis

The form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is: A. Autosomal recessive B. Autosomal dominant C. Inherited dominant D. Inherited recessive

Autosomal dominant

An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as: A. Sirenomelia B. Caudal regression syndrome C. Achondroplasia D. Radial ray defect

Caudal regression syndrome

The condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx: A. LBWC B. Caudal regression syndrome C. Thanatophoric dwarfism D. Heterozygous achondroplasia

Caudal regression syndrome

Talipes equinovarus is associated with: A. Clubfoot B. Syndactyly C. Rhizomelia D. Rockerbottom feet

Clubfoot

The abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as: A. Cebocephaly B. Banana sign C. Colpocephaly D. Cephalocele

Colpocephaly

The thalamic tissue located within the third ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with Arnold-Chiari Il malformation is the: A. Corpus callosum B. Cerebellar vermis C. Cavum septum pellucidum D. Massa intermedia

Massa intermedia

Sirenomelia is commonly referred to as: A. Radial ray defect B. Rhizomelia C. Mermaid syndrome D. Rockerbottom feet

Mermaid syndrome

All of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except: A. Micromelia B. Absent mineralization of the pelvis C. Multiple dislocated joints d. Polyhydramnios

Multiple dislocated joints

A bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of: A. Thanatophoric dysplasia B. Caudal regression syndrome C. Achondrogenesis D. Osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Upon sonographic interrogation of a 28-week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted. This is sonographic evidence of: A. Arnold-Chiari Il malformation B. Achondroplasia C. Thanatophoric dysplasia D. Osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Sonographically, you visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. This mass could be all of the following except: A. SCT B. Meningocele C. Meningomyelocele D. Phocomeningocele

Phocomeningocele

Absence of the radius is referred to as: A. Talipes equinovarus B. Clubfoot C. Radial ray defect D. Phocomelia

Radial ray defect

All of the following are signs of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except: A. S-shaped spine B. Banana sign C. Lemon sign D. Colpocephaly

S-shaped spine

Rhizomelia denotes: A. Long upper extremities B. Shortening of an entire limb C. Shortening of the proximal segment of a limb D. Shortening of the distal segment of a limb

Shortening of the proximal segment of a limb

What condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, and fusion of the lower extremities? A. SCT B. Caudal displacement syndrome C. Sirenomelia D. Osteogenesis imperfect

Sirenomelia

What term is defined as fusion of the digits? A. Clinodactyly B. Polydactyly C. Syndactyly D. Rhizodactyly

Syndactyly

All of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except: A. Amputation of fetal parts B. Anencephaly C. Facial clefting D. Synechiae

Synechiae

Which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot? A. The metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula. B. The metatarsals are perpendicular to the tibia and fibula. C. The carpals and metacarpals lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula. D. The tibia, fibula, and patella are perpendicular to the femur.

The metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula.

A protein produced by the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is: A. Folate B. hCG C. Estriol D. AFP

AFP

Achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except: A. Frontal bossing B. Flattened nasal bridge C. Trident hand D. Absent mineralization of the skull

Absent mineralization of the skull

The lemon sign denotes A. An abnormal shape of the fetal skull B. A normal shape of the cerebellum C. An abnormal shape of the cerebellum D. A normal shape of the fetal skull

An abnormal shape of the fetal skull

The group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is referred to as: A. Dandy-Walker malformation B. Budd-Chiari syndrome C. Arnold-Chiari Il malformation D. Amniotic band syndrome

Arnold-Chiari Il malformation

In VACTERL association, the letter "C" stands for: A. Cerebellar B. C-spine C. Cranial D. Cardiac

Cardiac

findings consistent with LBWC except: All of the following are clinical or sonographic A. Ventral wall defects B. Decreased MSAFP C. Marked scoliosis D. Shortened umbilical cord

Decreased MSAFP

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida occulta except: A. Closed defect B. Elevated MSAFP C. Sacral dimple D. Hemangioma

Elevated MSAFP

All of the following are associated with spina bifida except: A. Splaying of the laminae B. Enlarged posterior fossa C. Lemon sign D. Banana sign

Enlarged posterior fossa

What is the maternal dietary supplement that has been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural tube defect? A. AFP B. Estriol C. Folate D. Pregnancy protein A

Folate

What is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element? A. Kyphosis B. Scoliosis C. Kyphoscoliosis D. Hemivertebra

Hemivertebra

In VACTERL association, the letter "L" stands for: A. Limb B. Lung C. Liver D. Larynx

Limb

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except: A. Banana sign B. Lemon sign C. Enlarged massa intermedia D. Normal MSAFP

Normal MSAFP

Absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes: A. Micromelia B. Mesomelia C. Phocomelia D. Arthrogryposis

Phocomelia

Which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome? A. Previous cesarean section B. Preexisting maternal diabetes C. Previous ectopic pregnancy D. Elevated human chorionic gonadotropin

Preexisting maternal diabetes

The exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is: A. Trident toes B. Sandal gap C. Phocomelia D. Mesomelia

Sandal gap

The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as: A. Kyphosis B. Scoliosis C. Splaying D. Achondroplasia

Scoliosis

A cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with: A. Achondrogenesis B. Osteogenesis imperfecta C. Sirenomelia D. Thanatophoric dysplasia

Thanatophoric dysplasia