Chapter 27 26, 25 Bleeding,24 Trauma 12 1 13 14 Airway Management - 10, 6, 5

Which of the following suffixes mean "pertaining to"?

"-al" and "-ic"

Which of the following statements is NOT appropriate to document in the narrative section of a PRC?

"General impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated."

Which of the following suffixes mean "two"?

"dipl-" and "bi-"

The meaning "around" can have which of the following prefixes?

"peri-" and "circum-"

A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.

1 L

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA.

18%

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

20%

A 5 year old boy was burned when he pulled a bbq over himself. He has partial and full thickness burns to his anterior chest and circumferentially on both arms. What percentage of his body has been burned?

27%

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than ___.

300 mm Hg

What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR?

30:2

There are a total of ____ lobes in the right and left lungs.

5

A severe burn is

5% full thickness with a fracture; full thickness burns involving the hands, feet, face, airway or genitalia; full thickness burns covering more than 10% of the BSA; partial thickness burns covering more than 30% of the BSA; burns involving the respiratory tract; burns complicated by fracture; and burns on patients younger than 5 and older than 55 that would otherwise be moderate burns

What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?

5.60 L

You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage oxygen is your patient receiving?

55%

In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service?

61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes

Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for complications caused by the influenza virus?

68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes

There are ____ cervical vertebrae.

7

A critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no more than ____hours following the incident

72

Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is:

9

B. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should: Select one: A. apply pressure to the brachial artery. B. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist. C. administer high-flow supplemental oxygen. D. wrap the towel with pressure bandages.

D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? Select one: A. High-flow oxygen administration B. Full immobilization of her spine C. Intravenous fluid administration D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41-year-old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal?

A Level I or Level II trauma center

Cyanosis

A blue skin discoloration that is cased by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood.

eustachian tube

A branch of the internal auditory canal that connects the middle ear to the oropharynx.

subcutaneous emphysema

A characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissues.

optic nerve

A cranial nerve that transmits visual information to the brain.

Most patients with an infectious disease will have _________.

A fever

What is a hematoma?

A hematoma is a collection of blood within the tissues.

An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as:

A medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body

Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is correct?

A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport

Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?

A person taking blood thinners will experience slower blood clotting.

In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object?

A pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back

Which of the following conditions might an EMT suspect as a possible cause for bleeding from the nose and mouth?

A skull fracture High blood pressure A sinus infection All of these answers are correct.***

Cardiogenic shock

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. it can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.

Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays Emergency Medical Services (EMS)?

A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured.

In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist? Select one: A. A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change. B. The EMT hears of a cardiac arrest after his or her shift ends. C. A bystander encounters a victim who is not breathing. D. The EMT witnesses a vehicle crash while off duty. Feedback

A. A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change.

What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding?

A. Clotting B. Coagulation C. Vasoconstriction D. All of these answers are correct.***

Which aspect of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) MOST affects EMS personnel? Select one: A. Protecting patient privacy B. Ensuring access to insurance C. Controlling insurance costs D. Preventing insurance fraud

A. Protecting patient privacy

You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle-versus-pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13-year-old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do? Select one: A. Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital. B. Treat the child at the scene and wait for the parents to arrive and give consent. C. Withhold treatment until the parents arrive and give you consent for treatment. D. Begin transport at once and have the parents meet you en route to the hospital.

A. Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital.

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________.

A. apply direct pressure first B. use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound C. cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing D. All of these answers are correct.***

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The driver, a young male, is severely entrapped in his car. He has an open head injury and massive facial trauma. He is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a palpable carotid pulse. You should: Select one: A. have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased. B. ventilate the patient for 5 minutes and then stop if there is no response. C. request the fire department to extricate the patient so you can begin CPR. D. stop any active bleeding and advise dispatch to send a paramedic crew.

A. have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased.

The EMT's scope of practice within his or her local response area is defined by the: Select one: A. medical director. B. EMS supervisor. C. local health district. D. state EMS office.

A. medical director.

Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss?

Abrasion

An elderly women who possibly had a stroke is possibly scared abut is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body, in addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should,

Acknowledge that she she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her.

Why are prehospital emergency care guidelines updated on a regular basis?

Additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed.

Most treatments provided in the prehospital setting are intended to _________.

Address the patient's symptoms

Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patients condition. After confirming that you heard the physician correctly, you should?

Advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification.

A fifteen year old boy was killed when he was struck by a car. He has disfiguring injuries and you have placed him at the back of an ambulance. When the childs parents arrive at the scene and demand to see him you should

Advise them that their son has severely disfiguring injuries and ask them if their is anyone they would like you to contact first.

The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made:

After the primary assessment has been completed

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

Air splint

General adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases?

Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery

During your assessment of a 20 year old male with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should?

Allow him time to think about the question and respond to it.

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Allows movement of the head

Which one of the following errors is an example of a knowledge-based failure?

An EMT administers the wrong drug to a patient because she did not know the pertinent information about the drug.

Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts a ptsd reaction

An EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed

B. Control the bleeding.

As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be? Select one: A. Check for a pulse. B. Control the bleeding. C. Open the airway. D. Administer oxygen.

A 4 year old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious, calm, and sitting on his mothers lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should?

Ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother

Which of the following interventions is used by all levels of EMS providers?

Automated External defibrillator (AED)

Where would you MOST likely find information regarding a patient's wishes to be an organ donor? Select one: A. Voter registration card B. Driver's license C. Insurance card D. Social Security card

B. Driver's license

In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information? Select one: A. A police officer requests a copy to place on file B. The patient is competent and signs a release form C. A media representative inquires about the patient D. The family requests a copy for insurance purposes Feedback

B. The patient is competent and signs a release form

When is forcible restraint permitted? Select one: A. Only if consent to restrain is given by a family member B. When the patient poses a significant threat to self or others C. Only if law enforcement personnel have witnessed threatening behavior D. Anytime that the EMT feels threatened

B. When the patient poses a significant threat to self or others

You respond to the home of a 59-year-old man who is unconscious; has slow, shallow breathing; and has a weak pulse. The family states that the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not wish to be resuscitated. They further state that there is a DNR order for this patient, but they are unable to locate it. You should: Select one: A. honor the patient's wishes and withhold all treatment. B. begin treatment and contact medical control as needed. C. transport the patient without providing any treatment. D. decide on further action once the DNR order is produced.

B. begin treatment and contact medical control as needed.

Putrefaction is defined as: Select one: A. separation of the torso from the rest of the body. B. decomposition of the body's tissues. C. profound cyanosis to the trunk and face. D. blood settling to the lowest point of the body.

B. decomposition of the body's tissues.

When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to: Select one: A. contact medical control on every EMS call. B. exercise reasonable care and act prudently. C. function above his or her scope of practice. D. consistently exceed the standard of care.

B. exercise reasonable care and act prudently.

Carbon Monoxide blocks the ability of the blood to oxygenate the body because it.

Binds with the hemoglobin in the red blood cells

Unequal pupils most likely indicate what type of injury?

Brain

When relaying patient information via radio, communications should be:

Brief and easily understood

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of a head injury?

Briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light

As an EMT, the standards of emergency care are often partially based on: Select one: A. the wishes of the general public. B. a consensus among paramedic supervisors. C. locally accepted protocols. D. the priorities of the medical director.

C. locally accepted protocols.

Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include: Select one: A. making brief notes at the scene and then completing them later. B. placing the patient in a private area until the police arrive. C. not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons. D. quickly moving any weapons out of the patient's sight. Feedback

C. not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons.

Hazards that are associated with a structural fire include all of the following EXCEPT

Carbon dioxide deficiency

Which of the following does NOT require a report to be filed with local authorities?

Cardiac arrest

Irregular respirations characterized by an increased rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called ___.

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

If it is not possible to adequately clean the ambulance at the hospital following a call, you should

Clean the ambulance at you station in a designated area that is well ventilated.

You are attending to a 27-year-old male driver of a car. According to his passenger, the patient had been acting strangely while driving, then slumped forward against the steering wheel, apparently unconscious. The car drove off the road and struck a telephone pole. The patient remains unconscious, and physical assessment reveals only a large hematoma on his right forehead with no other physical signs. Your patient is a diabetic who had been under a lot of stress lately and may have missed meals. This is an example of a:

Combination of a medical and trauma emergency

The ability to understand other and have them understand you is known as _________?

Communication

Cardiac Tamponade

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output.

Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct?

Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours

Ethnocentrism is defined as?

Considering your own cultural values to be more important when interacting with people of a different culture.

If an EMT candidate has been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor, he or she should:

Contact the state EMS office and provide them with the required documentation.

A young male was struck in the forearm with a baseball and complains of pain to the area. Slight swelling and ecchymosis are present, but no external bleeding. Which type of injury does this describe?

Contusion

A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound?

Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing

Which of the following general statements regarding consent is correct? Select one: A. Patients who are intoxicated are generally allowed to refuse treatment. B. All patients older than 18 years can legally refuse treatment or transport. C. Expressed consent is valid only if given in writing by a family member. D. A patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated.

D. A patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated.

Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence? Select one: A. Breach of duty, injury/damages, abandonment, and causation B. Abandonment, breach of duty, damages, and causation C. Duty to act, abandonment, breach of duty, and causation D. Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation

D. Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation

Which type of consent is involved when a 39-year-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital? Select one: A. Informed B. Formal C. Implied D. Expressed

D. Expressed

To help protect patients, EMS agencies are required to have __________. Select one: A. public forums with their medical director B. online access to patient records C. an anonymous reporting system D. a privacy officer to answer questions

D. a privacy officer to answer questions

During your monthly internal quality improvement (QI) meeting, you review several patient care reports (PCRs) with the staff of your EMS system. You identify the patient's name, age, and sex, and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMTs in the field. By taking this approach to the QI process, you: Select one: A. acted appropriately but must have each EMT sign a waiver stating that he or she will not discuss the cases with others. B. adequately safeguarded the patient's PHI because the cases were discussed internally. C. violated the patient's privacy because you should have discussed the information only with the EMTs involved. D. are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand.

D. are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand.

You are called to attend to an elderly patient with an extensive medical history who is now in cardiac arrest. The patient's family tells you that the patient has a DNR order. There is no paperwork available but the patient does have a MedicAlert bracelet indicating Do Not Resuscitate. You should: Select one: A. confirm the patient's identity and honor the DNR order. B. initiate resuscitation in the absence of paperwork. C. transport with minimal care. D. confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet.

D. confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet.

When performing a full body scan, you should assess for ________.

DCAP-BTLS

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?

Deployment of the air bag

D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds

Distributive shock occurs when: Select one: A. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. B. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster. C. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain. D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

Pre-hospital patient care decisions should be based on?

EMS research

The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more important than performing time-consuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based MOSTLY on:

EMS research

The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more important than performing time-consuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based MOSTLY on:

EMS research.

Which of the following courses required about 150 hours of training?

EMT

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?

Ears

Communicating with patients who are deaf or hard-of-hearing can be facilitated by doing all the following, EXCEPT?

Elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating the word pronunciation.

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

Energy transmission to the spine

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control?

Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

What should an EMT do to limit errors in the field?

Follow the agency's written protocols

B. anaphylactic shock

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________. Select one: A. septic shock B. anaphylactic shock C. neurogenic shock D. psychogenic shock

Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)?

Gastrointestinal system

The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to:

Get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis

The EMT is legally obligated to protect a patients privacy according to ________?

HIPAA

Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it:

Has a greater ability to produce disease

You are transporting a 54 year old male in respiratory distress. A EMR is driving the ambulance as you and your partner are caring for the patient. Which of the following is the MOST logical way to notify the hospital?

Have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital

Which of the following is a term for vomited blood?

Hematemesis

A. plasma

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: Select one: A. plasma. B. platelets. C. whole blood. D. red blood cells.

D. hypothermia.

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: Select one: A. hypovolemia. B. tachycardia. C. diaphoresis. D. hypothermia.

B. shock

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________. Select one: A. hypotension B. shock C. perfusion D. hypoxia

Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned, a virus was transmitted to another EMT several days later. Which route of transmission is this?

Indirect contact.

conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva.

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?

It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane

Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct?

It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.

Which of the following statements regarding a "dedicated line" is correct?

It is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users

Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system?

Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body

turbinates

Layers of bone within the nasal cavity.

When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should:

Limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible

Which of the following is bacterium resistant to most antibiotics and causes skin abscesses?

MRSA

Continuing education in EMS serves to:

Maintain, update, and expand your knowledge and skills.

You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should:

Manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit

As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on:

Medical director approval

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem?

Medical history

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Metabolic coordination

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that?

Most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions

What is the most common type of facial fracture?

Nasal

anisocoria

Naturally occurring uneven pupil size.

Assessment of the medical patient is usually focused on the _________.

Nature of illness

Which area of the body are you palpating if you feel subcutaneous emphysema?

Neck

It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem.

Neurologic

When providing a patient report via radio, you should protect the patients privacy by?

Not disclosing his or her name

According to OSHA, and employer must

Offer a workplace environment that reduces risk of exposure.

Which of the following types of questions allow for the most detailed response?

Open-ended questions

In 2009, the H1N1 virus accounted for over 200,000 deaths worldwide in the form of the swine flu. In 1919, a similar outbreak of the H1N1 occurred in the form of the Spanish flu. Starting in Kansas City, the virus spread rapidly worldwide, claiming up to 50 million lives. These are both examples of:

Pandemics

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient?

Partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA

You are encouraging a patient to go to the hospital by ambulance. You know that a transport will keep you on duty several hours after your regular quitting time. This is an example of __________?

Patient Advocacy

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Online medical control requires?

Phone or radio contact with the medical director

CPR is in progress on a pregnant woman. Shortly after manually displacing her uterus to the left, return of spontaneous circulation occurs. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness

National guidelines for EMS care are intended to ___________?

Provide a more consistent delivery of EMS care across the U.S.

C. cardiogenic shock.

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: Select one: A. septic shock. B. neurogenic shock. C. cardiogenic shock. D. anaphylactic shock.

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

Rapid transport to a trauma center

Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues?

Red blood cells

After assessing a patients blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should

Report the incident to your supervisor after the call.

As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for major motor vehicle crash. You should?

Respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician.

Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood?

Right

Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

Rotational and rollover

The ability to take appropriate action with little direction is known as?

Self-motivation

retinal detachment

Separation of the retina from its attachments at the back of the eye.

A. septic shock

Shock due to severe infection is called ________. Select one: A. septic shock B. neurogenic shock C. anaphylactic shock D. hypovolemic shock

You could be sued for ________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation.

Slander

Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition?

Substance abuse

After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to:

Take standard precautions

Which of the following statements regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is correct?

The ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled.

Which of the following statements regarding the NREMT is correct?

The NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing

You are caring for a 56 year old male patient complaining of abdominal pain. Your service has recently switched to electronic PCR system (PCR). When completing the ePCR, it is important to be aware that?

The PCR allows patient to be transmitted directly to the receiving hospitals computer.

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?

The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure

Which part of the cardiovascular system is considered "a container"?

The blood vessels

pupil

The circular opening in the middle of the iris that admits light to the back of the eye.

When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that:

The conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first

The head is divided into two parts

The cranium The face

conjunctiva

The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye.

external auditory canal

The ear canal; leads to the tympanic membrane.

tympanic membrane

The eardrum; a thin, semitransparent membrane in the middle ear that transmits sound vibrations to the internal ear by means of auditory ossicles.

lacrimal glands

The glands that produce fluids to keep the eye moist; also called tear glands.

Which of the following organs/body systems cannot tolerate lack of blood flow for more than a few minutes?

The heart and brain

Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process?

The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling

retina

The light-sensitive area of the eye where images are projected; a layer of cells at the back of the eye that changes the light image into electric impulses, which are carried by the optic nerve to the brain.

What is an EMT's primary service area?

The main area in which the EMS agency operates

The ________ is a prominent bony mass at the base of the skull 1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear.

The mastoid process

iris

The muscle and surrounding tissue behind the cornea that dilate and constrict the pupil, regulating the amount of light that enters the eye; pigment in this tissue gives the eye its color.

sternocleidomastoid muscles

The muscles on either side of the neck that allow movement of the head.

Which of the following is a specific example of the Mobile Integrated Healthcare (MIH) model?

The paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).

air embolism

The presence of air bubbles in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if they enter the heart.

mastoid process

The prominent bony mass at the base of the skull about 1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear.

You are caring for a driver who struck a light pole. She admits to drinking alcohol but orders you not to tell anyone. You should report the information to?

The receiving nurse or doctor

tragus

The small, rounded, fleshy bulge that lies immediately anterior to the ear canal.

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

Which of the following statements regarding the different stages of the grieving process is correct

The stages may occur simultaneously

sclera

The tough, fibrous, white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structures.

lens

The transparent part of the eye through which images are focused on the retina.

cornea

The transparent tissue layer in front of the pupil and iris of the eye.

Which of the following regarding HIV is correct?

There is no vaccine for HIV

Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct?

They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly.

The ability to handle multiple tasks based on their priority is called?

Time management

A. the skin.

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: Select one: A. the skin. B. the heart. C. the brain. D. the lungs.

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

To transport a mature egg to the uterus

You are providing care for a 61 year old female complaining of chest pain that is cardiac in origin. Your service utilizes a multiplex communication system. You wish to transmit the patient's electrocardiogram to the hospital. In order to accomplish this, you must?

Use the multiplex system to transmit the information

Effective therapeutic communication skills requires __________?

Verbal and nonverbal communication techniques

COmmon questions asked by patients with a serious illness or injury include all of the foloowing except

WHich hospital am I going to

Which of the following will help improve radio communications?

Wait 1 second after pressing the transmit button before speaking

D. Heart, blood vessels, blood

What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"? Select one: A. Arteries, veins, capillaries B. Plasma, red blood cells, platelets C. Heart, brain, lungs D. Heart, blood vessels, blood

B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. C. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock. D. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion.

A. En route to the hospital

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient? Select one: A. En route to the hospital B. Prior to transport C. During the primary assessment D. Immediately after the injuries are discovered

D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume. B. the older patient's central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock. C. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause an unusually fast heart rate. D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

B. Cardiac tamponade

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? Select one: A. Liver laceration B. Cardiac tamponade C. Simple pneumothorax D. Spinal cord injury

C. Decompression of the injured side of the chest

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax? Select one: A. Early administration of high-flow oxygen B. Rapid administration of intravenous fluids C. Decompression of the injured side of the chest D. Positive-pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask

A positive TB skin test indicates that

You have been exposed to TB

C. peripheral vasoconstriction

You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________. Select one: A. an increased heart rate B. peripheral vasodilation C. peripheral vasoconstriction D. hypothermia

Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that:

You were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient

B. cardiogenic shock

Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________. Select one: A. hypovolemic shock B. cardiogenic shock C. neurogenic shock D. septic shock

A. compensated shock

Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________. Select one: A. compensated shock B. decompensated shock C. late shock D. irreversible shock

Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position: 1 19-year-old male conscious with a closed head injury and normal respirations, a 31-year-old male semi-conscious with low blood sugar and adequate breathing, a 40-year-old female with a possible neck injury and regular respirations, a 24-year-old female unconscious who overdosed and has reduced tidal volume.

a 31-year-old male semi-conscious with low blood sugar and adequate breathing

In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the most appropriate method of opening the airway: a 24-year-old male who is found unconscious at the base of s tree, a 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma, a 45-year-old male who is semi-conscious after falling 20 feet, a 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed.

a 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the administration of ALS?

a 64-year-old cardiac arrest patient who is defibrillated with an automated external defibrillator (AED)

pulmonary embolism

a blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow

Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

a blowout fracture.

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with:

a brain injury.

pericardial effusion

a collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium

shock

a condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypo perfusion.

hypothermia

a condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees

distributive shock

a condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately: a conscious male with respirations of 18 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume, a conscious female with facial cyanosis and rapid shallow respirations, an unconscious 52-year-old female with snoring respirations and cool pale skin, a conscious ale with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin.

a conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin

syncope

a fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness.

During the assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates ___.

a lower airway obstruction

Aneurysm

a swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall.

Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)?

a team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

CPR should be initiated when:

a valid living will is unavailable

You are transporting a 67-year-old female patient to the hospital for investigation of abdominal pain. The patient care record indicates that the patient has a history of AAA. Based on this information, the patient care record includes an abbreviation for:

abdominal aortic aneurysm

The best way to reduce your risk of contracting a work related disease follwing exposure

activate your departments infection control plan ASAP

Which of the following id the most reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-valve mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse: adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag, twenty, breaths/min being delivered to the adult, consistently increasing heart rate, decreased compliance when squeezing the bag.

adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag

A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused and has slurred speech. He has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should:

administer high-flow oxygen

What occurs when a patient is breathing rapidly and shallowly?

air moves primarily in the automatic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange

The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is:

airway compromise.

Between each chest compression, you should __________.

allow full chest recoil

When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call you should

allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated on product specifications.

In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

an air embolism

Vector borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via:

animals or insects.

Which of the following is or are found in the middle ear?

anvil, hammer, and stirrup

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

aortic rupture

The ___________ of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles.

apex

A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. He is conscious but restless, and his skin is pale and diaphoretic. His respirations are 22 breaths/min and his pulse rate is 120 beats/min. There is no external bleeding noted. The EMT should:

apply a compression device around his pelvis.

The MOST appropriate way to dress and bandage an open abdominal wound with a loop of bowel protruding from it is to:

apply a moist sterile dressing to the wound and secure with an occlusive dressing

You are dispatched to a convenience store where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:

apply direct pressure above and below the wound.

A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should:

apply direct pressure to her arm wound.

You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:

assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

assess for an exit wound.

Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following EXCEPT

assessment by the emt

According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to:

assist a patient with certain prescribed medications.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist the patient's ventilations.

Which of the following fractures is associated with bruising around the ears and blood coming from the nose?

basilar skull fracture,

A 60-year-old man is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should:

begin CPR until an AED is available

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:

bilateral

The root "melan/o" means:

black

What is hyphema?

bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye

local thrombus

blood clot

The term "hyphema" is defined as:

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Hematoma

blood that has collected within damaged tissue or in a body cavity, associated with large blood vessel damage

You are assessing a patient who was hit in the face by a baseball bat. There are multiple contusions on his face, and he reports double vision. His left eye does not track with his right eye. What should you suspect?

blow-out fracture

The central nervous system is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord

All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?

brain stem

Which of the following structures is not found in the upper airway: oropharynx, pharynx, larynx, bronchus.

bronchus

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

brush away the chemical before flushing with water

The nasopharyngeal airway is most beneficial because it ___.

can maintain a patient airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:

carbon dioxide and water

A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would most likely explain this: his extremities are cold, carbon monoxide poisoning, increased body temperature, severe pulmonary edema.

carbon monoxide poisoning

Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should:

carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver

A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should:

carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline.

A 22 year old male was attacked by a rival gang and has a large knife impaled in the center of his chest. Your assessment reveals that he is apnea and pulseless. You should:

carefully remove the knife, control any bleeding, begin CPR, and transport

"Chondro" in the word chondritis means:

cartilage

sphincters

circular muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the:

circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the organ's metabolic needs.

nerogenic shock

circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries

What is an air embolism?

clinical situation in which a vein is punctured and air is sucked into the heart.

The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:

coccyx

EMTs should have a strong working knowledge of medical terminology in order to:

communicate effectively with other members of the health care team

Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy?

community awareness programs that emphasize the dangers of drinking and driving

A compression injury that is severe enough to cut off blood flow below the injury is called

compartment syndrome

Which of the following would provide the EMT with the BEST cover involving active gunfire?

concrete barricade

A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing:

conjunctivitis

An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to:

continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful.

The primary reason for applying a sterile dressing to an open injury is to:

control external bleeding

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing, but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should:

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):

contusion

Which of the following statements about the patient care report is correct? Select one: a. EMTs are not liable for any actions that are accurately documented. b. Incomplete reports are common and accepted in EMS. c. Patient care cannot be discredited based on poor documentation. d. It is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report.

d. It is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report.

Determination of exposure is an important component of an infection control plan because it

defines who is at risk for contact with blood and body fluids and which tasks pose a risk of exposure,

It is especially important for EMS personnel to develop nonadversarial relationships with their coworkers because they

depend on one another for their saftey

Without practice, your CPR skills will __________.

deteriorate over time

Which of the following is an effective stress management strategy

developing a social network outside of EMS

The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.

diaphragm

Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is MOST effectively controlled with:

direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings.

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

disease

The suffix "-pathy" means:

disease

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the ____________ forearm.

distal

Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following except

distrust of EMT

Your conscious patient has a mild partial airway obstruction. You should:

encourage the patient to cough

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing chemicals that regulate body activities?

endocrine

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?

endocrine

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the:

epiglottis

American Heart Association Protocols are based on?

evidence-based research

The maxilla and zygoma are components of the ________.

face

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

foramen magnum

Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

forceful coughing

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport.

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

gallbladder

Complications associated with chest compressions include all of the following, EXCEPT:

gastric distention

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

gastrointestinal bleeding.

According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she:

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he:

has a history of eye surgeries.

The skin and underlying tissues of the face:

have a rich blood supply and bleed profusely.

Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you:

have been infected with hepatitis in the past

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

heat

After applying a tourniquet, the injury from a patient's leg stops bleeding. This is called:

hemostasis

The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.

hinge

The ____________ deals with the well-being of the EMT, career progression, and EMT compensation.

human resources department

Controlling bleeding from a neck injury

if necessary, apply direct pressure to the bleeding site using a gloved fingertip to control bleeding Apply a sterile occlusive dressing to ensure that air does not enter a vein or artery

Gastric distention will MOST likely occur:

if you ventilate a patient too quickly

The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the:

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

Obtaining continuing medical education is the responsibility of the:

individual EMT

Avulsion

injury that separates various layers of skin

You are treating a patient with significant bruising to her face and a broken nose. She is conscious, but her LOC is significantly altered and her breathing is labored. What should you do to manage this patient's airway?

insert an oropharyngeal airway.

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of:

intracranial bleeding.

CPR retraining is the MOST effective when it:

involves hands-on practice

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should:

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

A 22-year-old male was walking on the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include:

irrigating his right eye laterally.

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:

is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.

The diaphragm is unique because it:

is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle

A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she:

is excessively thirsty

Which of the following is true about posterior epistaxis?

is more serious than anterior epistaxis and often causes blood to drain into the patient's throat, causing nausea and vomiting.

The pinna

is the external, visible part of the ear

When a light is shone into the pupil:

it should become smaller in size.

The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:

just anterior to the tragus.

The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the:

lacrimal glands.

Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n):

laryngeal fracture.

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

lateral collision

A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient includes:

leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together.

The impedance threshold device (ITD) may improve circulation during active compression-decompression CPR by:

limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling

The _____ is connected to the intestine by the bile ducts.

liver

At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious You should

mark off a danger zone around the downed lines.

The upper jawbones are called the:

maxillae.

As an EMT it is important to remember that the signs and symptoms of cumulative stress

may not be obvious or present all the time.

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline of the body is:

medial

The distal aspect of the tibia forms the:

medial malleolus

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

minute volume is decreased

While rescuer one is finishing his or her fifth cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should:

move to the opposite side of the patient's chest

"Myo" in the word myocarditis means:

muscle

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

neck and facial injuries.

Basic life support (BLS) is defined as:

noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a ___.

nonrebreathing mask.

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?

obstructive

Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because:

of the risk for airway problems.

What type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe?

off-line.

Prescription glasses do not provide adequate protection because they

offer little or no side protection

As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should:

open his airway and assess his breathing status

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

orbit

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that

osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position

Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct: the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries, blood that returns to the lungs from the body has low levels of carbon dioxide, the oxygen content in aveoli is highest during the exhalation phase, oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls can capillaries.

oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries

Which of the following statement regarding oxygen is correct: oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire, oxygen is most safely administered in an enclosed environment, oxygen if flammable and may explode if under high pressure, oxygen cylinders must always remain in an upright position.

oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire

A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes:

padding between the ear and the scalp.

An EMS provider who has extensive training in various aspects of advanced life support (ALS) is called a(n):

paramedic.

Cardiac monitoring, pharmacological interventions, and other advanced treatment skills are functions of the:

paramedic.

Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct?

patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate

Burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because:

pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass

According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT would require special permission from the medical director and the state EMS office in order to:

perform blood glucose monitoring.

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.

perfusion

The EMT's first priority is

personal safety

Physiologic manifestiations of stressinclude

persperation increased blood glucose levels and dilated pupils.

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:

place additional dressings over the wound.

In relation to the chest, the back is:

posterior

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

preparing for immediate transport.

A 45 year old convenience store clerk was shot in the right anterior chest during a robbery. Your assessment reveals that the wound has blood bubbling from it every time the patient breathes. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

prevent air from entering the wound

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that:

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?

prone

CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is:

prone

The criteria to be licensed and employed as an EMT include:

proof of immunization against certain communicable diseases.

Which of the following is a unique function of the emergency medical dispatcher (EMD)?

providing callers with life-saving instructions

The opening in the center of the iris, which allows light to move to the back of the eye, is called the:

pupil.

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash you note that two small cars collided head-on the occupants are still in their vehicles. The fire department is in the process of stabilizing the vehicles and law enforcement personnel are directing traffic. After parking the ambulance you and your partner should

put on high visibility safety vests.

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

quadruples

A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is:

rapidly transporting her to the hospital.

If a defibrillator manufacturer claims that its device terminates ventricular fibrillation on the first shock 95% of the time, you should:

recognize that this does not mean it will save more lives.

If an object is visible in the unconscious patient's airway, you should __________.

remove it

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should ___.

remove the airway and be prepared to suction the oropharynx

Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on a middle-aged woman in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed. You should:

remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads

During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:

repeat the primary assessment.

A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should:

replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing

An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should:

report the incident to the appropriate authorities

Quid pro quo

requests sexual favors in exchange for something else.

In most cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by:

respiratory arrest

A 75 year old male with a terminal illness has died at home. As you and your partner enter the residence a family member becomes verbally abuse, pushes you and states that you took to long to get there. you should.

retreat and notify law enforcement personnel

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma, however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should ___.

seal the mouth and nose

Anaphylactic shock

severe shock caused by an allergic reaction

Patients who become dependent on EMS personel or other health care providers often feel

shamed,

psychogenic shock

shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes syncope

hypovolemic shock

shock caused by fluid or blood loss.

septic shock

shock caused by severe infection, usually bacterial infection.

obstructive shock

shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow int he heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues.

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

shock.

During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a:

shotgun

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle?

skeletal system

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:

somatic nervous system

Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT's index of suspicion for a(n):

spinal column injury.

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

spleen

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

spleen.

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by:

splinting the extremity.

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to:

stabilize her entire spine.

"Gastro" in the word "gastroenteritis" means:

stomach

When using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm, the EMT should:

stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops.

The most serious consequence of drug or alcohol abuse among ems personnel is

substandard or inappropriate patient care

Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are MOST important because:

such injuries can affect the respiratory system.

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

superficial burn

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

systolic blood pressure.

Motion of the mandible occurs at the __________, which lies just in front of the ear on either side of the face.

temporomandibular joint

According to the CDC, recommended immunizations and tests include

tetanus?diptheria?pertussis booster every 10 years.

cyocardial contractility

the ability of the heart muscle to contract.

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

the body cannot compensate for rapid fluid loss.

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:

the cells function with adequate oxygen

pulse pressure

the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures.

Compensated Shock

the early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss.

perfusion

the flow of blood through body tissues

De-compensated shock

the late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that:

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration.

When encountering a suspected bleeding emergency, the most pertinent finding during the SAMPLE history phase of assessment would be that ________.

the patient states that she takes blood-thinner medications

edema

the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area.

You are transporting to a 66-year-old patient with a history of heart problems. The patient chart indicates that he has hepatomegaly. The root of the term indicates that:

the problem is with the patient's liver

The term "pericardiocentesis" means:

the removal of fluid from around the heart.

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

The Adam's apple is:

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because:

they may need to call a specialist to see the patient.

According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if:

traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome

The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the:

tragus.

A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should:

transport her to the emergency department.

You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:

turn the backboard onto its side.

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:

ureters

What effects will the application of an ice pack have on a hematoma

vasoconstriction and decreased bleeding

The movement of air between the lungs and the environment is called:

ventilation

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called ___.

ventilation

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:

ventricular contraction

If your patient swallows blood following facial trauma, there is an increased risk of ________.

vomiting

The simplest, yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to

wash your hands in between patient contacts

If you use a waterless handwashing substitute in the field it is important to

wash your hands with soap and water at the hospital.

he sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that:

waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be:

weakness or dizziness.

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT's immediate priority should be to:

wear gloves and facial protection.

CISM can occur at an ongoing scene in all the following circumstances except

when patients are actively being assessed or treated.

Gloves, a mask and a face shield should be used

when performing endotracheal intubation

In which instance would you consider removing an impaled object?

when the object is impaled in the cheek and compromises the airway.

When performing CPR on a child, you should compress the chest:

with one or two hands

Force acting over a distance is the definition of:

work

Abrasion

wound of the superficial layer of skin caused by friction

As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on:

you local EMS protocols

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.