Chapter 27 and 29
A United States response to the successful orbiting of Sputnik in 1957 was to A increase NATO forces in Europe B expand federal aid into education C withdraw from arms-limitation talks with the Soviet Union D force the resignation of important American scientists from governmental positions E increase cooperation with the Soviet Union in space projects
B
A significant demographic development in the two decades following the Second World War was a A decline in marriage and birth rates B rapid growth of suburbs C movement from urban to rural communities D great migration from the South and West to the Northeast E rapid increase in the average age of Americans
B
Carson's argument in the excerpt most strongly influenced the A rise of a counterculture among young people B passage of new laws to reduce pollution C establishment of the National Park System D growing number of farmers in the United States
B
In the mid-1950s, President Eisenhower's argument for federal funding of highway construction emphasized A economic stimulus B national defense C beautification D defeating the domestic communist threat E promoting suburbanization
B
The Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s successfully eliminated A legal segregation B rural poverty C substandard housing D urban riots E discrimination in hiring practices
A
Which of the following factors most directly contributed to the economic trend that Patterson describes? A A surge in the national birthrate B The expansion of voting rights for African Americans C Challenges to conformity raised by intellectuals and artists D The gradual emergence of détente with the Soviet Union
A
The Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka directly contradicted the legal principle established by A Dred Scott v. Sanford B Schechter v. United States C Plessy v. Ferguson D Schenck v. United States E Miranda v. Arizona
C
Which of the following was a key difference between the Korean War and the Vietnam War? A The chances of a direct military clash between the United States and the Soviet Union was greater in the Vietnam War. B United States leaders could more easily argue that communist aggression led to the Vietnam War. C Public opposition was more significant for the Vietnam War than for the Korean War. D The press was more adversarial toward United States policy during the Korean War.
C
The Supreme Court decision on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka essentially reversed which of the following earlier Court decisions? A Marbury v. Madison B Dred Scott v. Sanford C Roe v. Wade D Gideon v. Wainwright E Plessy v. Ferguson
E
Which of the following examples best supports the Kerner Commission's argument that two separate societies were emerging in the United States? A The movement of many families to the suburbs B The emergence of a youth culture C The arrival of new immigrants from around the world D The existence of racial segregation in the military
A
African American pressure prompted President Harry Truman to advance civil rights by A issuing Executive Order 9981 desegregating the armed forces B agreeing to outlaw the newly formed States' Rights Party C proposing a constitutional amendment banning Jim Crow laws D establishing the National Advisory Committee on Civil Disorders E signing the Voting Rights Act
A
Influential critics of the 1950's, such as David Riesman, were most concerned with which of the following aspects of the life in the United States following the Second World War? A Alienation and conformity in modern society B Schooling for the baby-boom generation C The economic responsibilities of being a world superpower D The threat to the nation form communist subversion E The spread of political corruption
A
Malcolm X's statement suggests that he strongly agreed with A radical leftist movements B conservation movements C the youth counterculture D the sexual revolution
A
A major consequence of the 1973 Yom Kippur War in the Middle East was that it led immediately to A a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel signed at Camp David B the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt C the assassination of Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat D an energy crisis sparked by OPEC's embargo of oil to the Western world E international recognition of an independent country of Israel
C
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court decision that A was a forerunner of the Kansas-Nebraska Act B established free public colleges in the United States C declared racially segregated public schools inherently unequal D established free public elementary and secondary schools in the United States E provided for federal support of parochial schools
C
When the Soviet Union successfully launched the first artificial satellite Sputnik in 1957, Congress responded by A ending diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union B opening talks with China C passing the National Defense Education Act D passing Title IX of the Federal Education Amendments E proposing the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
C
DWhich of the following describes the trend in crude oil imports to the United States from 1950 to 1970 as depicted in the graph? A Crude oil imports rapidly increased to 2 billion in 1960 and then remained steady. B Crude oil imports declined rapidly until 1960 before returning to their previous level. C Crude oil imports grew to a peak just before 1970 and then rapidly declined. D Crude oil imports rose gradually until reaching half a billion barrels in 1970.
D
In his farewell address, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned Americans about the dangers of A presidential candidate Richard M. Nixon B insufficient federal spending on the needs of the poor C communist subversion of the civil rights movement D the military-industrial complex E the lack of a national health insurance program
D
The advertisement best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the 1950s? A The increase in homogeneity in postwar society B The efforts by civil rights activists to oppose segregation C The rejection by some artists and intellectuals of mass culture D The spread of fear of communist infiltration of the federal government
D
The cartoon was primarily a response to the A increasing popularity of isolationism among United States policy makers B ongoing controversy over the appropriate use of executive branch authority in conducting foreign policy C expanding opposition to the Korean War D growing debate over the Vietnam War
D
The increased culture of consumerism during the 1950s was most similar to developments in which of the following earlier periods? A The 1840s B The 1860s C The 1910s D The 1920s
D
Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X shared the view that A the movement for Black advancement in the United States was part of a global process of social change B it was desirable to work for the desegregation of public facilities C violence was a necessary part of the movement for Black social and political advancement D using the courts to challenge the constitutionality of barriers to Black advancement was not a useful strategy
A
The advertisement best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the 1950s? A The increase in homogeneity in postwar society B The efforts by civil rights activists to oppose segregation C The rejection by some artists and intellectuals of mass culture D The spread of fear of communist infiltration of the federal government
A
What did SDS have most in common with the youth counterculture of the 1960s? A A rejection of many of the values of their parents' generation B A commitment to reforming society through direct political action C A desire to remove themselves from mainstream society and experiment with drugs D A determination to establish gender equality throughout the United States
A
Which of the following best explains a limitation of the incentives expressed in the advertisement? A Many new suburban housing developments of the 1950s practiced racial segregation. B Many middle-class families could not afford to buy homes in new suburban developments in the 1950s. C Many new suburban housing developments of the 1950s restricted access by age. D Many middle-class families preferred to live in cities in the 1950s.
A
Which of the following statements about the emergence of rock and roll music as a part of 1950's popular culture in the United States is true? A It relied heavily on Black musical traditions. B It adopted many of the big band tunes of the 1940's. C It was a spin-off from British popular music of the time. D It was the first popular music broadcast nationally on radio. E It had little appeal in the South and West.
A
Major domestic developments in the United States during President Eisenhower's two terms included all of the following EXCEPT A a rise in the gross national product (GNP) B the dismantling of New Deal welfare programs C the peaking of the postwar baby boom D the exodus of Black families from the rural South E the beginning of construction of an interstate highway system
B
The excerpts best support which of the following arguments about postwar United States foreign policy? A Some Americans called for the United States to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union. B Fear of Soviet expansion led to greater United States international involvement. C The United States sought to recolonize countries that had gained independence. D Many Americans opposed the creation of new alliances in Europe.
B
The ideas expressed in the advertisement overlook which of the following contexts that allowed for the expansion of new suburban housing developments in the 1950s? A The sharp increase in birth rates after the war B The reliance on new roads and highways C The growth of income for middle-class families D The appeal of modern amenities to consumers
B
The sentiments expressed in the excerpt are best explained in connection to which of the following broader developments during the period? A Rising influence of evangelical Christian political organizations B A widening political and cultural gap between young people and earlier generations C Growing support for suburbanization and for having large, nuclear families D Increasing calls for the United States to take a more aggressive stance against immigration
B
Which of the following was a reason for the patterns depicted on the map? A States and counties in the Deep South responded more favorably to the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruling than did those in the Upper South and Texas. B Many counties and states actively resisted implementing the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. C Economic difference among states and counties created unintentional racial segregation in schools. D The Civil Rights movement focused more on desegregating public transportation than desegregating schools.
B
Whyte's discussion about the "issue of individualism" best serves as evidence for the responses to which of following situations in the 1950s? A The protests of civil rights activists against segregation B The rejection of mass culture by some artists and intellectuals C The refusal of some military draftees to serve in the Vietnam War D The opposition of a new conservative movement to postwar liberalism
B
The rock 'n' roll of Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and the Rolling Stones derived primarily from A European folk music B nineteenth-century American ballads C cowboy songs D African American rhythm and blues E Scotch-Irish ballads
D
Which of the following migration patterns had the greatest impact on United States society in the 1950s? A Immigration of eastern and southern Europeans to the United States B Migration of Mexican Americans to midwestern cities C Immigration of East Asians to the West Coast D Migration of Americans from urban centers to the suburbs E Migration of American Indians from the Dakotas to California
D
Which of the following was a long-term reaction to the actions of the youth addressed in the excerpt? A The establishment of organizations to address environmental concerns B The expansion of United States military involvement in Southeast Asia C The rejection of nonviolent tactics by the majority of civil rights groups D The emergence of a conservative backlash against perceived cultural decline
D
Which of the following was a similarity between Eisenhower's and Kennedy's arguments in the excerpts? A Both claimed that defense policy could threaten liberty at home. B Both declared that the United States had lost international influence. C Both called for an increase in spending on military weapons and supplies. D Both asserted that communism was a threat to the United States national security.
D
The central point of the 1960s cartoon above was that A the public was more interested in foreign policy than in domestic reforms B the President was more interested in domestic programs than in foreign policy C protesters were successfully challenging the goals of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society D opposition to the Vietnam War improved Lyndon B. Johnson's hopes for reelection E the cost of the Vietnam War limited the President's ability to carry out domestic programs
E
Whyte's concern in the excerpt for "the pressures of the group, the frustrations of individual creativity" best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the 1950s? A The emphasis on conformity in suburban communities B The expansion of higher education opportunities for war veterans C The creation of international alliances to oppose Soviet expansion D The investigations of supposed communists in the federal government
A
The image most closely reflects which of the following developments in the political climate in the United States? A Declining public support for fighting communism in developing countries B A growing public debate over the merits and rationale for the Vietnam War C A growing public realization that the United States was unlikely to achieve a clear victory in the Vietnam War D A renewed public commitment to the containment of communism
B
What conclusions about school segregation in 1954 can be drawn from the map above? A Only the states that made up the old Confederacy still practiced segregation in public schools. B School segregation was a national problem, not one confined to a single region. C Every state in the Union had local laws outlining positions on school segregation. D States with the smallest populations generally supported school segregation. E Northern states were free of segregation of any kind by 1954.
B
Which of the following best describes an interpretation of the overall trend in the graph of United States crude oil consumption between 1950 and 1980 ? A The United States domestic production of crude oil increased in this period. B The United States became more dependent on imports of crude oil in this period. C United States usage of crude oil became more efficient in this period. D The United States had a consistently increasing supply of crude oil imports in this period.
B
Which of the following developments contributed most directly to the conditions described in the excerpt? A The erosion of soil on the Great Plains B The growth of suburban housing on previously undeveloped land C The increase in government regulation of natural resources D The growth of higher education
B
Which of the following post-1945 developments contributed most strongly to the discomfort that members of SDS felt? A The efforts of Congress to adopt legislation to deal with domestic social problems B The disillusionment with United States domestic values and Cold War events C The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision on school desegregation D The support for collective security through international organizations
B
In response to the situation depicted in the map, most civil rights leaders in the 1960s did which of the following? A Focused their direct activism in the North and the Upper South B Abandoned legal strategies because they had been ineffective in desegregating schools C Urged stronger federal action to compel states to enforce civil rights protections D Adopted a militant platform centered on separatism and Black Power
C
In the decade following the Second World War, the Supreme Court decision that had the most widespread consequences concerned which of the following? A Immigration policy B Congressional reappointment C The rights of minority groups D The jurisdiction of courts in determining war guilt E The federal government's powers of taxation
C
One significant result of the economic trend described in the excerpt was the A rise of the sexual revolution in the United States B decrease in the number of immigrants seeking entry to the United States C rise of the Sun Belt as a political and economic force D decrease in the number of women in the workforce
C
The 1950s picture above shows what some social critics believed to be A the cause of decreased agricultural production B tangible evidence of the strength of the nation's largest cities C a representation of the conformity of postwar culture D the end of social and economic differentiation in housing E a sign that Americans were becoming more tolerant of cultural differences
C
The events that led to the Kerner Commission report most directly contributed to A the emergence of protests against the Vietnam War B women's demands for equal rights C conservative calls for a new emphasis on law and order D the decline of union membership in manufacturing industries
C
The historical development described in the excerpt can best be explained by which of the following related developments? A The decrease in the number of people going to colleges and universities B The creation of a movement to stop federal desegregation efforts C The persistence of economic and racial disparity in the United States D The reduced concern about the threat of Soviet influence in the United States
C
The situation depicted in the map had the most in common with which of the following earlier processes? A Patterns of residential segregation in the antebellum South B Sectional conflict between the North and the South during the mid-nineteenth century C Federal attempts to guarantee rights for formerly enslaved people during Reconstruction D African American migration patterns during and after the First World War
C
The unanimous Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka stated that segregated schools were unconstitutional because A parallel school systems for White and Black children resulted in wasteful duplication of government services B the Soviet Sputnik satellite made it clear that the segregated public school system had contributed to the decline of scientific skills in the United States C separation of students based solely on race constituted inherently unequal treatment D racial injustice made it difficult for the United States to appeal to peoples of recently decolonized countries in Africa and Asia during the Cold War E the Court could no longer tolerate southern senators' filibustering of civil rights legislation
C
Which of the following best describes a difference between Eisenhower's and Kennedy's arguments in the excerpts? A Eisenhower believed that the United States should invade communist countries, while Kennedy believed that the United States should establish peaceful relations with communist countries. B Eisenhower claimed that communism posed no threat to the United States, while Kennedy claimed that communism was a danger to the United States. C Kennedy called for an increase in spending on national defense, while Eisenhower cautioned against the effect of defense spending on democratic government. D Kennedy asserted that overseas allies were dispensable in the fight against communism, while Eisenhower warned that overseas allies were necessary to oppose communist aggression.
C
Which of the following describes the trend in crude oil imports to the United States between 1970 and 1980 as depicted in the graph? A Crude oil imports declined to over 3 billion barrels in 1980. B Crude oil imports rose steadily to half a billion barrels in 1980. C Crude oil imports rose rapidly and then declined to about 2 billion barrels in 1980. D Crude oil imports declined rapidly to zero before recovering to 2.5 billion barrels in 1980.
C
Which of the following is a correct statement about the college-level education in the twentieth-century United States? A State universities increased scholarship aid during the Depression. B Private universities raised admission standards during the 1940's. C The GI Bill financed the education of male students during the post-Second World War era. D The "baby boomers" finished college in large numbers in the 1950's. E There was a sharp decline in college enrollment during the Vietnam War.
C
SDS best exemplifies which of the following? A The success of the Civil Rights movement in achieving greater racial integration B The development of new concerns about environmental pollution and the overuse of natural resources C The increased influence of conservatives who opposed expansive social welfare policies and higher taxes D The emergence of radical groups claiming that liberals were doing too little to address racial and economic inequality
D
The principal reason for the formation of the Dixiecrat party in 1948 was the opposition of dissident Democrats to President Truman's A establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency B removal of General MacArthur from his military command C support for the Taft-Hartley Act D proposal for civil rights legislation E call for an investigation of the loyalty of all federal employees
D
Which of the following was an achievement of the John F. Kennedy administration? A Passage of civil rights legislation B Passage of bills to create health insurance for the aged and to increase aid to education C Extension of diplomatic recognition to the People's Republic of China D Passage of the Alliance for Progress to provide economic aid for Latin America E Passage of the Economic Opportunity Bill
D