Chapter 27 AP Euro, AP Euro Chapter 29, AP Euro Chapter 27

Which of the following best characterizes the stream-of-consciousness technique in literature?

It relies on internal monologues to explore the psyche

How did real wages for workers and peasants in the Soviet Union in 1937 compare with those in the Russian Empire in 1913?

They were lower

The Bretton Woods agreement of 1944 accomplished all of the following except

requiring all Western nations to abandon the gold standard.

For artists such as Dadaists and Surrealists, what was the purpose of art?

Art should expose the bankruptcy of modern society and produce radical social change

Why did Joseph Stalin defeat Leon Trotsky in the struggle for power following the death of Lenin?

As general secretary of the Communist Party, Stalin was more effective at building friends and allies by handing out jobs and promises

How did they Soviet Union and the Eastern European communist regimes treat displaced persons returning home after the war?

As politically unreliable because of their exposure to Western European society

The ultimate goal of the plan for an international organization to coordinate coal and steel production in Europe was to

Bind the members of the Common Market so closely that war would be impossible

Britain adopted a policy of appeasement in its relationship with Hitler for all of the following reasons except

British conservative leaders underestimated Hitler.

Britain was more ready to conciliate Germany than France following the Versailles peace settlement because

British had depended heavily on the German market for their exports before WWI

To resolve the economic problems of Germany and international tensions in Europe, in 1924 the U.S. developed the

Dawes Plan

Changes in the structure of European society after World War II were primarily the result of

Economic and technological transformation

In the 1950's and 1960's, what became the best objective of all western European governments?

Economic growth

How did the Soviet Union's treatment of Czechoslovakia in 1948 demonstrate its intention to consolidate its hold on Eastern Europe?

Even though the Czech Communist Party had won significant electoral support, Stalin still overthrew the government and established a one-party communist dictatorship

The Danish theologian Soren Kierkegaard taught that

God's existence could not be proven but believers must take a leap of faith and accept the existence of a majestic God

Why did the council of Europeans fail to evolve into a European parliament with sovereign rights?

Great Britain consistently opposed conceding any real political power and sovereignty to the council

How did the Pied-Noirs complicate the experiences of decolonization in Algeria?

Having lived in Algeria for several generations, these European Algerians threatened to revolt against France if France did not oppose the Islamic independence movement.

Why did Stalin call for the liquidation of the kulaks?

He believed that as landowners they would eventually embrace conservative capitalism and become great enemies of socialist progress.

In the late 1920s, how did Adolf Hitler shape the Nazi Party's message to appeal to middle-class voters

He deemphasized the anticapitalist elements of National Socialism and vowed to fight communism.

How did Mussolini build support from big business in Italy?

He left big business to regulate itself and never purged it member

Why did Charles de Gaulle withdraw Frace from NATO?

He viewed the United States as the main threat to French Independence.

Which of the following best characterizes the "new fascist man" that Mussolini promoted?

He was to be a virile, patriotic warrior

What was the "Europe First" policy adopted by the Allied Powers during the World War II?

Hitler would be defeated before the Allies mounted an all-out assault on Japan.

The growth of the middle class in the postwar era has been attributed primarily to

Increased demand for technologists and managers

What was the purpose of the Enabling Act in 1933?

It gave Hitler dictatorial powers for four years

Which of the following best characterizes the results of the Marshall Plan?

It was one of the most successful foreign aid programs in history, preventing economic collapse in Western Europe

The British political party that emerged during the 1920's as the champion of the working class and the main opposition to the Conservative party was the

Labour party

Why did Britain's abandonment of the gold standard not aid its recovery?

Many other wealthy countries abandoned the gold standard after Britain, blunting any advantage for Britain

How did Mao Zedong gain the support of the peasantry in China?

Mao promised to expropriate land from the large land owners.

What was the consequence of Roosevelt's agreement with Stalin at the Teheran Conference that the British-American armies would launch a frontal assault on France?

Only Soviet troops would liberate Eastern Europe

What new component of consumer society emerged in the 1920s?

Professional advertising agencies

After World War II the Soviet Union

Returned to the totalitarianism of the 1930s

Lenin's New Economic Policy was a political compromise with the

Russian peasants

The "middle way" refers to the

Scandinavian respond to the Great Depression

What did Jean-Paul Sartre mean by the expression "existence precedes essence"

Since there are no timeless or absolute truths, people must struggle to define their essence after they are born, completely on their own

According to Hitler's New Order, the European race that was considered subhuman, like the Jews, was the

Slavic Race

Why did the Soviet army stop its advance on Warsaw in August 1944?

So that supplies and troops could be shift to the Asian theater of operations to counter recent Japanese gains

The decisive turning point in the clash between the Soviet Union and Germany came at the Battle of

Stalingrad

The Great Depression did not hit Britain as hard as the United States or Germany, in part because

The British economy gradually reoriented away from international markets and toward production of consumer goods for the domestic market

Gabriel Marcel found the answer to the postwar broken world in

The Catholic Church

Al of the following correctly describe decolonization of the Belgian Congo except

The Congolese political leaders promoted a Marxist agenda that included the confiscation of all lands and mineral wealth.

Why was West Germany allowed to build an army after 1955?

The German army would permit Germany to defend itself by attack from the Soviet Union

How did the Nazi Party seek to promote the idea of the Volksgemeinschaft?

The Nazis created mass organizations such as the Hitler Youth and held mass rallies to spread Nazi ideology and enlist volunteers.

How did the Soviet Union initially organize the Eastern European nations as it threw out pro-Nazi regimes?

The Soviet Union created coalition governments of leftist political parties but reserved key government posts for Moscow-trained communists

By the time of the Yalta Conference, the position of the Soviet Union was much stronger in negotiations with the Untied States and Great Britain for all of the following reasons except

The Soviet Union had developed the technology to detonate a nuclear warhead.

What did the Korean War demonstrate about Cold War relations?

The United States and Soviet Union would avoid open conflict in Europe but would engage in open, non-nuclear conflict elsewhere in the world

How did the United States respond to the decolonization movement?

The United States had long opposed empire and encouraged European nations to let go of their former colonies.

In the Lateran Agreement, how did Mussolini resolve the status of the Catholic Church in Italy?

The Vatican was recognized as an independent state that received heavy support from the Italian state.

How did the fascist vision of society differ from the communist vision of society?

The fascist vision emphasized a community rooted in the bonds of nationalism, while the communist vision emphasized a society rooted in its classlessness.

Which of the following best characterizes the East German government's responses to the nationwide demonstrations against poor wages and working conditions in 1953?

The government permitted Soviet troops to put down the revolt, jailed demonstrators, but then instituted reforms to respond to the demonstrators' strongest demands.

Where did Nazi administrators initially gain experience in mass murder?

The murder of Germans with physical and mental disabilities prior to the war

Which of the following does not correctly identify the ideas of Sigmund Freud?

The superego is self-promoting desire for control and power

Which of the following best characterizes the work of the Viennese Secessionist school of art?

They created colorful, rich, highly decorated images that expressed deep, inner feelings

How did the Nazis manage the Northern European states that they conquered?

They established puppet governments with collaborators willing to rule the states in accord with German needs

How did the Nazis seek to give legitimacy to their racial policies?

They established research institutes and academies that measured and defined racial differences in order to present prejudice in the guise of enlightened science.

What were the duties of the Einsatzgruppen (Special Action Units)?

They followed the German army into Central Europe, systematically murdering undesirables as they moved from town to town.

What problem was faced by most of the underground resistance groups who opposed the Nazis?

They were not well unified, for they had differing political goals.

For what goal did the Soviet government under Stalin aggressively intervene in all aspects of life?

To create a society without classes for social leveling

What was the Nazi Party policy of "coordination"?

To force German society to conform to National Socialist ideology

What was Germany's goal in the Battle of Britain?

To gain air supremacy in anticipation of an invasion of Great Britain

What was the primary goal of the opponents of the Nazis in the Protestant and Catholic churches?

To preserve religious life in Germany

After the war, why did national governments quickly establish authority over questions of guilt and punishment for those who had collaborated with the Nazi regime?

Unofficial groups were seizing and executing alleged collaborators on their own

Jews in Palestine proclaimed the state of Israel

When the British withdrew from Palestine in 1948

According to the text the American stock market crash of October 1929 was primarily the result of

an imbalance between real investment and speculation

Georges Sorel saw Marxian socialism as

an inspiring but unprovable religion

James Joyce's "Ulysses" weaves ironic parallels between the adventures of Homer's hero Ulysses and

an ordinary man's aimless wanderings through the streets and pubs of Dublin

Stalin's theory of socialism in one country

argued that the Soviet Union could build socialism on its own.

The functionalist architecture of Le Corbusier promoted the idea that

buildings should be built without ornamentation but instead be practical structures with clean, straight, lines

In Stalin's Soviet Union, women

could enter the ranks of specialists in industry and science.

The composer Arnold Schoenberg is known for his

creation of the twelve-tone music that abandoned traditional harmony and tonality

In the early 1930s, German chancellor Brüning tried to cope with the Great Depression by

cutting government spending and squeezing wages and prices.

John Maynard Keynes

denounced the treaty of Versailles

All of the following correctly describe Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy except

he argued that humans must overcome their animal instincts, which prevent them from refining their intellectual abilities and moral sensibilities

The new elite class in the Stalinist state included all of the following except

highly regarded artists (idk the answer to this one but I think this is right)

The German government's printing of money to pay unemployment benefits to workers striking in the Ruhr against the Franco-Belgium of 1923 led to

hyperinflation

The Swedish response to the Depression involved

increasing state spending on public works projects and increasing welfare benefits

The theories of Albert Einstein asserted that

matter and energy are interchangeable, linking the apparently infinite universe with the subatomic world

The parliamentary governments of Germany in the mid to late 1920s were dominated by

moderate businessmen

In the early 20th century, the traditional arts and amusements of people in villages and small towns was overshadowed by

modern mass media such as cinema and radio

Werner Heisenberg established the "uncertainty principle," which postulates that

nature itself is ultimately unknowable and unpredictable and lacks any absolute objective reality

When Germany refused to make its second reparations payment, France and Belgium

occupied the Ruhr district

The parliamentary government in Italy was breaking down at the time of the Fascist march on Rome in October 1922, largely because

of the violence perpetrated by Mussolini's own black-shirted militants.

Logical positivism argued that

philosophy is only the logical clarification of thoughts

President Franklin Roosevelt's Works Progress Administration attempted to

plan and control the U.S. economy

How did big science foster the green revolution?

research into agriculture greatly increased the world food supply, using fewer workers and more productivity per acre.

With the United States' failure to ratify the Versailles treaty, many French leaders placed their hopes for future security on

strict implementation of the treaty

Khrushchev's de-Stalinization campaign included all of the following except

the Communist Party permitted elections at the local level from among competing communist candidate for office.

In "The Decline of the West", Oswald Spengler argued that

the West would soon be conquered by "the yellow race"

All of the following are examples of practices and attitudes adopted by governments during the total war of World War I that were later adopted by the totalitarian regimes except

the ideal of individual rights was eroded.

The performance of soprano Nellie Melba in 1920 marked

the launch of radio in Europe as a mess medium

During the 1950's, the Christian Democrats across Europe endorsed all of the following positions except

they supported socialist economic policies.

In his novel "Remembrance of Things Past" Marcel Proust

tried obsessively to discover the inner meaning of bittersweet memories of childhood and youthful love

Britain and France finally confronted Hitler with the threat of war when he

used the pretext of German minorities in Danzig to threaten Poland.

According to the best estimates, about how many people died in the Second World War?

50 million

The advancement in military weaponry and the space race

Fostered a revolution in computer technology

In 1954, Vietnam obtained independence from

France

Why was the Great Depression slow to affect France?

France was less industrialized than the other major continental powers in Europe and somewhat isolated from the world economy

Why did Hitler have the leadership of the S.A. storm troopers, roughly one thousand individuals, killed in 1934?

Hitler wanted to win the support of the traditional military, but the S.A. leaders had expected appointment to top positions in the army.