Chapter 27 Fluid, Electrolyte, & Acid-Base Balance

all of the homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the

ECF

Of the three buffering mechanisms in the body, which is the strongest? chemical buffer system respiratory system renal system

Renal System

In a respiratory acidosis the kidney would do which of the following? The kidney would reabsorb bicarbonate and secrete hydrogen ions. The kidney will reabsorb both bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. When it reabsorbs the hydrogen ion, it also generates more bicarbonate ions. The kidney would increase excretion of both bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.

The kidney would reabsorb bicarbonate and secrete hydrogen ions.

The lungs contribute to PH regulation by their effects on the

carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

Nearly two thirds of the total body water content is

intracellular fluid ICF

Increasing or decreasing the rate of respiration can have a profound effect on the buffering capacity of body fluids by

lowering or raising the pco2

respiratory alkalosis develops when respiratory activity

lowers plasma pco2 to below normal levels

The most frequent cause of metabolic acidosis is

production of a large number of fixed or organic acids

a metabolic alkalosis can occur as a result of

prolonged vomitting

Severe anxiety would cause which type of acid-base disturbance? What would be the compensation? respiratory acidosis; kidneys would excrete HCO3 metabolic alkalosis; hypoventilation by the lungs respiratory alkalosis; kidneys would excrete HCO3 respiratory alkalosis; kidneys would retain HCO3

respiratory alkalosis; kidneys would excrete HCO3

the renal response to acidosis is limited to

secretion of H+ and generation or reabsorption of HCO3-

The principal ions in the Extracellular fluid are

sodium, chloride and bicarbonate

The bicarbonate buffer system is one of the chemical buffer systems of the body. How would the bicarbonate buffer system work if sodium hydroxide were added to a solution? A hydrogen on carbonic acid would dissociate and join the hydroxyl group on the base to form water and sodium bicarbonate. The hydrogen ion would attach to bicarbonate (HCO3) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). The hydrogen ion would attach to carbonic acid.

A hydrogen on carbonic acid would dissociate and join the hydroxyl group on the base to form water and sodium bicarbonate.

The respiratory system is one of the three systems that regulate acid-base balance in the body. How does it work to decrease an acidosis? Carbonic acid converts a strong acid to a weak acid, thus decreasing acidity. Carbonic acid is broken down into water and CO2; the CO2 is then exhaled. Carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. Carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate, which then buffers the acid.

Carbonic acid is broken down into water and CO2; the CO2 is then exhaled.

The exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid is determined by the relationship between the

Net hydrostatic and net colloid osmotic pressure

the most important factor affecting the ph in the body tissues is

carbon dioxide concentration

The activity that occurs in the body to maintain calcium homeostasis occurs primarily in the

all choices are correct

extracellular fluid in the body consist of

all of the choices are correct

the rate of tubular secretion of potassium ions changes in response to

all of the choices are correct

the concentration of potassium in the ECF is controlled by adjustments in the rate of active secretion

along distal convoluted tubule of the nephron

under normal circumstances, during respiratory acidosis the chemoreceptors monitoring the pco2 of the plasma and css will eliminate the problem by calling for

an increase in pulmonary ventilation rates

when the amount of water you gain each day is equal to the amount you lose to the environment you are in

fluid balance

If the ECF (extracellular fluid) is hypertonic with respect to the ICF, water will move

from the cells into the ECF until osmotic equilibrium is restored

When pure water is consumed, the extracellular fluid becomes

hypotonic with respect to the ICF

Starvation would cause which of the following acid-base conditions? Also, determine what type of compensation (metabolic or respiratory) there would be. metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation

metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

Ingesting too much antacid would cause which of the following acid-base disturbances? respiratory alkalosis metabolic acidosis respiratory acidosis metabolic alkalosis

metabolic alkalosis

Vomiting will cause which type of acid-base disturbance? respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic alkalosis metabolic acidosis

metabolic alkalosis

A mismatch between carbon dioxide generation in peripheral tissues and carbon dioxide excretion at the lungs is a

none of the choices are correct