Chapter 28 micro

What causes histoplasmosis?

A fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum

Chagas' disease

American trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.

the most virulent mycotic pathogens in humans

C. immitis, wind carries the spores transmitting the infection

Example of dimorphic fungi

Candida albicans

Secondary fungal meningitis caused by C. Neoformans

Coccidioides immitis infection, or Aspergillus species infection

Are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic with nucleus

Molds characteristics

Multicellular, filamentous

Common forms of malarias are caused by what

P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae.

What causes malaria?

Plasmodium

3 categories of fungi

Yeasts, molds, dimorphic fungi

symptoms of malaria

fever and chills

Other forms of aspergillosis can be caused by

A. flavus, A. glaucus, A. niger

What spreads malaria?

Anopheles mosquito, carries pathogen in its saliva after 30 mins of being bitten the protozoan moves to liver cells and multiplies and reaches red blood cells then multiplies again

What causes Aspergillosis?

Aspergillus fumigatus that is found in decaying vegetation and manure

Where is H. capsulatum found?

Bodies of bats and fecal material of birds

What causes candidiasis?

Candida albicans

How does giardiasis spread

Contaminated water supply, Contamination after diaper changing in daycare centers spreads the disease from the hands of the caregiver to the children, anal sexual intercourse

common causative agent of a rare form of meningitis known as fungal meningitis,

Cryptococcus neoformans

What causes Cryptosporidiosis?

Cryptosporidium parvum it is waterborne and chlorine resistant

Does fungi reproduce sexually or asexually? a. sexually b. asexually c. neither d. both

D. Both

How is histoplasma acquired

From airborne spores that enter in ventilation systems of buildings where birds nest

Dermatophytes

Fungi that cause infection of the hair, skin, and nails.

who usually gets Aspergillosis

Gardeners and farmers

What causes Giardiasis?

Giardia lamblia which is found in clear mountain streams and chlorinated water supplies

most commonly identified waterborne illness in the United States

Giardiasis

Why is PCP considered a multi drug resistant disease

P. jirovecii has a cell wall that increases its virulence against antimicrobial agents

What causes Pneumocystis pneumonia

Pneumocystis jirovecii (fungus)

types of dermatophytes

Tinea capitis, Tinea cruris, Tinea pedis

What causes toxoplasmosis?

Toxoplasma gondii

West African Sleeping Sickness

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

East African Sleeping Sickness

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

amebic dysentery

also known as amebiasis an intestinal disorder caused by entamoeba histolytica

Dimorphic fungi

alternate between unicellular and multicellular forms

diseases of protozoa

amebic dysentery, malaria, toxoplasmosis, African sleeping disease, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis

How does C. albicans effect babies

among infants who do not have a mature immune system and people with diseases that suppress the immune system, and when the normal microbiota are removed from mucous membranes the fungus is able to grow.

Saprophyte

an organism that grow on decomposing matter

How does E. Histolytica spread

cyst form of E. histolytica is found in food and water and is spread through the fecal-oral route to humans

How did the epidemics of cryptosporidium start

drinking water, swimming pools, a water slide, a zoo fountain, daycare centers, unpasteurized apple juice, and miscellaneous foods.

what is fungi

filamentous unicellular and multicellular organisms lacking chlorophyll and usually bearing spores.

symptoms of toxoplasmosis

flu-like with swollen lymph glands or muscle aches

Histoplasmosis

fungal infection of the respiratory system

Where do dermatophytes grow?

in the keratin of the skin, hair and nails causing infections called ringworm (tineas)

Dermatomycoses

infections caused by dermatophytes

How do humans get toxoplasmosis

ingesting contaminated water or foods such as undercooked meats, most common form is handling contaminated cat feces

A. glaucus

is a bluish mold found on dried fruit

A. flavus

is a mold found on corn, peanuts, and grains

What is Pneumocystis jirovecii

is a primary opportunistic pathogen in infections found among immunosuppressed populations (i.e., cancer patients, organ transplant recipients, AIDS patients).

What transmits Chagas' disease

kissing bug aka triatomine bugs that defecate on the skin while feeding

Symptoms of Aspergillosis

lesions that can be found in the bronchi, lungs, aural canal, skin, eyes, nose, or urethra. Nodules can form in the kidney, lungs, or liver

Characteristics of Protozoa

one-celled eukaryotes, lack cell wall, free-living organisms with no disease-causing potential in humans, certain protozoa do cause serious diseases., more Protozoa in the world than other microorganisms

Coccidioidomycosis

respiratory disease caused by the fungus Coccidioides immitis.

Characteristics of African trypanosomiasis

spread by the tsetse fly, "sleeping sickness", symptoms: Fever, severe headaches, irritability, extreme fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and aching muscles and joints, skin rash Progressive confusion, personality changes, slurred speech, seizures, and difficulty in walking and talking occur when the infection invades the central nervous system

Yeast characteristics

unicellular, budding, asexual reproduction and sexually, saprophytes

A. niger

which forms black spores in the auditory meatus.