Chapter 29: A New Frontier and a Great Society, 1960-1968

Which of these provisions were included in the Economic Opportunity Act that launched the War on Poverty?

-Community Action Program -Head Start -Jobs Corp

How did the black power movement influence the civil rights movement?

-It inspired African Americans to celebrate their African culture and to take pride in their racial heritage. -It introduced a shift in mainstream civil rights focus from the rural South to urban ghettos in the North and West.

What did the riots of 1966 reveal about the internal status of the civil rights movement?

-Many young African Americans were becoming disenchanted with nonviolent strategies. -Competing strategies of resistance were developing within the civil rights movement. -The stage was set for the emergence and growth of the black power movement.

How did the Greensboro Four contribute to the new resistance strategies of the civil rights movement?

-Their actions sparked a sit-in movement based on nonviolent civil disobedience. -The tactic introduced by the Greensboro Four proved to be an effective method for initiating change.

What were the achievements of the Immigration and Nationality Service Act of 1965, and how did it impact U.S. demographics in the 1960s?

-abolished discriminatory quotas based on national origin -allowed more people from southern and eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa to emigrate to the United States -imposed visa ceilings based on hemisphere of origin

What was the Bay of Pigs, and how did it plan to restrict the spread of communism?

-an American initiative to train anti-Castro Cubans -a secret CIA operation to overthrow dictator Fidel Castro -a strategic invasion of Cuba intended to spark a wider native Cuban rebellion against Castro

How did the Tet offensive affect civilian perceptions of the U.S. war effort in Vietnam?

-caused a significant decline in civilian support for the war -contradicted consistently optimistic claims by military leaders about the war

Identify the impacts of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on the African American community.

-enabled the election of black public officials in white-dominated politics -empowered blacks to register to vote in the hundreds of thousands -authorized federal officials to enforce the act -guaranteed all citizens the right to vote -prohibited literacy tests at polling stations

Identify the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its impact on American society.

-ensured equal treatment of job applicants regardless of race, gender, and nationality -empowered the federal government to enforce constitutional rights through the courts -prohibited racial segregation in public spaces

What was the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, and what piece of misleading information served as its basis?

-gave the president unlimited authority in defense of U.S. forces abroad -based on Johnson's false account of the Tonkin Gulf incident as a Viet Cong attack

What did the Revenue Act of 1964 accomplish, and how did it impact the success of future War on Poverty reforms?

-increased consumer spending -boosted economic growth -reduced tax rates by 20 percent -reduced unemployment

Who made up the silent majority of Nixon's campaign, and how did it help propel him to victory in the election of 1968?

-represented the majority of Americans who did not engage in the protests and demonstrations -allowed Nixon to capitalize on the concern of "forgotten Americans" who sought stability and order

Why did the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) send a group of eighteen Freedom Riders to New Orleans by public bus?

-to "test" the federal court ruling that banned racial segregation on buses, on trains, and in terminals -to draw the attention of the Kennedy administration to the cause of civil rights in the South -to integrate buses and trains

What was the Kennedy administration's response to the Soviet Union's erection of the Berlin Wall?

-to create the Green Berets, an elite unit of commandos -to drastically increase the number of U.S. nuclear missiles

Which of the following describe the major tenets of the black power movement as espoused by Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown?

-violence as a means of protest -separatism from whites

Complete the passage below about the foundation for Johnson's War on Poverty. The crux of the War on Poverty was the - , which initiated eleven new programs to be administered by the Office of Economic Opportunity. Among these community-based initiatives were - , which offered training programs for inner-city youth, and -, which provided educational resources for preschoolers in low-income families. The - sent volunteers to urban areas to fight poverty.

1 Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 2 Jobs Corps 3 Head Start 4 Volunteers in Service to America

Complete the passage below about Kennedy and the issue of civil rights. Despite various legislative achievements, such as the - and the Alliance for Progress, Kennedy was much - active in engaging with - on the issue of -. In spite of the - , much of the South still remained segregated and unequal. The activism of civil rights advocates forced Kennedy to take a - stand in favor of the civil rights movement.

1 Peace Corps 2 less 3 conservative southern Democrats 4 racial equality 5 Brown v. Board of Education ruling 6 stronger

Complete the passage below about the legacy of Johnson's Great Society. The Great Society and War on Poverty were not the sweeping successes Johnson had envisioned. The __1__ was partially responsible for draining funds from the programs. Three lasting achievements were __2__, which remain popular and effective today, as well as the significant decrease in the number of __3__ in poverty. Johnson's programs provoked bitterness among the __4__ class, triggering a conservative backlash and drastically altering the public's expectations of the federal government.

1 Vietnam War 2 Medicare and Medicaid 3 elderly Americans 4 middle

Complete the passage below about the events surrounding the Freedom Rides. In 1961, the Freedom Riders were __1__ in Alabama when__2__ surrounded one of the buses transporting the riders in an effort to "__3__." The Freedom Riders succeeded in escaping from the __4__ bus, but they were unable to avoid the Klan members' __5__.

1 assaulted 2 Ku Klux Klan members 3 burn them alive 4 burning 5 chains and clubs

Complete the passage below about the sentiments of American youth in the late 1960s. The late 1960s witnessed an intense __1__ the values and features of American life earlier in the decade. These included Martin Luther King Jr.'s __2__ approach to civil rights, the idea of the nuclear family, and the __3__ of the middle class. A large portion of the American youth, also known as __4__ , felt betrayed by the political system and believed they were part of a __5__ effort to transform America.

1 backlash against 2 integrationist 3 strong work ethic 4 hippies 5 revolutionary

Complete the passage below about the experiences of U.S. military forces in Vietnam. American soldiers experienced great struggle and frustration in Vietnam, many of which stemmed from their lack of training in __1__ employed by the __2__. The environment also posed a challenge to American soldiers, who were not used to the __3__ climate and the expanse of __4__.

1 guerrilla tactics 2 Viet Cong 3 hot and humid 4 thick jungles

Complete the passage below about the ratification of one of the most significant acts in American history. President Johnson's exceptional __1__ skills were put to the test during the passage of the __2__ of 1964. While Congress __3__ the bill, Johnson launched an ambitious campaign for its passage. He went so far as to threaten his close friend, Georgia senator Richard Russell, that he would __4__ if the senator did not "get out of [his] way." The senator warned Johnson that if Johnson moved forward with the bill, he would lose both the __5__ and a second term.

1 negotiating 2 Civil Rights Act 3 debated 4 run him over 5 South

Complete the passage below describing the strategy behind George Wallace's campaign, and how his candidacy affected the election of 1968. Appealing to the __1__ __2__ class, Wallace hoped to take away enough __3__ votes from __4__ in order to __5__.

1 white and conservative 2 working 3 electoral 4 both Nixon and Humphrey 5 force the House of Representatives to choose the president

Complete the passage below about Kennedy's relationship with the African American community during his 1960 presidential campaign. During his 1960 presidential campaign, Kennedy - a majority of the African American community by facilitating a national effort to - black voters as well as the release of - from prison. King's father spoke of the "suitcase of votes" that he planned to take to Kennedy and -

1 won over 2 register 3 Martin Luther King Jr. 4 "dump ... in his lap"

Kennedy's response to the deteriorating South Vietnamese government of Premier Diem changed over the course of his presidency. Place the following events in chronological order.

1- Diem establishes his anti-Communist regime in South Vietnam. 2- Diem attempts to repress the Communists and Buddhist majority. 3- Kennedy sends thousands of U.S. troops as "advisers" to South Vietnam. 4- Kennedy supports the removal of Diem by rebel Vietnamese generals. 5- Rebel Vietnamese generals murder Diem and seize the government.

Place the following key events of 1968 in chronological order.

1- Johnson announces he is not seeking reelection. 2- Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated. 3- Senator Robert Kennedy is assassinated. 4- Riots erupt at the Democratic National Convention of 1968. 5- Richard Nixon wins the presidency.

Place the following civil rights efforts and accomplishments in chronological order.

1- Student activists form the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee to work toward integration. 2- The assaults on Freedom Riders bring the brutality of white racists to the nation's attention. 3- The Interstate Commerce Commission requires interstate transportation facilities to integrate. 4- James Meredith attempts to enroll at the University of Mississippi. 5- Martin Luther King Jr. writes his "Letter from Birmingham Jail." 6- Kennedy announces his intention to pass a significant new civil rights bill.

Put the following events of the Cuban missile crisis in chronological order.

1- The United States installs nuclear missiles along the Soviet border in Turkey. 2- Soviets secretly install nuclear missiles in Cuba. 3- U.S. spy planes photograph Soviet missile sites in Cuba. 4- The United States establishes a naval blockade of Cuba. 5- Soviet ships do not challenge the U.S. naval quarantine of Cuba. 6- The United States publicly agrees not to invade Cuba.

What were the terms of the agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union that resolved the Cuban missile crisis and its surrounding tensions?

1- The United States would remove U.S. missiles from Italy and Britain. 2- A "hotline" would be installed between Washington and Moscow for instant contact between leaders. 3- The United States would sell the Soviet Union its surplus wheat. 4- The Soviet Union would remove its missiles in Cuba. 5- The United States would agree in secret to remove its missiles from Turkey. 6- The United States would make a public pledge not to invade Cuba.

Medicare is a federal program that provides __A1__ for __A2__. Medicaid is a federal program that provides __B1__ for __B2__ of all ages.

A1 - Health insurance A2 - senior citizens B1 - coverage of medical cost B2 - the poor

Freedom Summer was a major effort by the black power movement to replace the predominant civil disobedience protest strategies with a more extreme agenda that incorporated violent tactics.

False

Immediately after the Cuban missile crisis, the Kennedy administration initiated an intense arms race to expand U.S. nuclear missile reserves without any concern for the risk of nuclear warfare.

False

Nixon's victory in the election of 1968 was the result of the nation's desire to abandon the Vietnam War.

False

Match each Great Society and War on Poverty initiative to its description.

Q- funded anti-poverty programs in remote mountain areas A- Appalachian Regional Development Act Q- helped the poor afford groceries and improve their nutrition A- Food Stamp Act Q- created scholarships for poor students; reduced student loan interest rates A- Higher Education Act Q- provided development funds for cities; helped poor families afford their rent A- Housing and Urban Development Act

Identify the speaker of the following quotation, along with when and why it was spoken: "We have just delivered the South to the Republican party for a long time to come."

Q- speaker A- President Johnson Q- when A- after the passage of the Civil Rights Act Q- why A- reacting to the fury of white southern conservatives

Why did Kennedy call the Bay of Pigs "a colossal mistake"?

The botched invasion was a source of tremendous humiliation for the Kennedy administration.

According to President Kennedy, "The civil rights movement owes Bull Connor as much as it owes Abraham Lincoln." The nonviolent confrontation tactics employed by the civil rights movement were effective in drawing public attention to segregation in the South.

True

Kennedy's New Frontier domestic program included increased federal aid to education, medical insurance for the elderly, and anti-poverty initiatives—three major proposals that were all blocked in Congress.

True

The War on Poverty was inspired by The Other America, a powerful book that investigated the "culture of poverty" tucked away in urban slums and rural regions. The Other America was a call to arms to a nation badly in need of reforms to serve its impoverished populations.

True

The results of the 1968 presidential election, as depicted in this election map, demonstrate that the Democratic party lost significant support in the South.

True

What was Johnson's initial approach to the war in Vietnam?

continue his predecessors' strategy of minimum involvement