Chapter 3
On a lab bench, there are four balloons filled with identical volumes of different salt solutions: 0% (balloon A), 5% (balloon B), 10% (balloon C), and 15% (balloon D). There are also four beakers each filled with identical volumes of a 10% salt solution. The balloons are semi-permeable; that is, only water can enter and exit the balloon. All four balloons are placed in separate beakers at the same time and are allowed to come to equilibrium. Which is the correct order of balloon volumes at equilibrium?
A < B < C < D
Which theory states that all living things are composed of cells?
cell theory
Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ________.
cell wall and a central vacuole
In plant cells, ________ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons.
central vacuoles
Which plant organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
chloroplast
Microtubules are associated with ________.
cilia cell shape flagella all of the answer choices
In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?
cytoplasm
If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would ________.
digest itself
Lysosomes are responsible for ________.
digestion of organic matter inside the cell
Which statement is NOT true of mitochondria?
has grana which trap solar energy
When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ________.
have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water
When using a microscope to view cells you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you notice that the cells lack nuclei; therefore, you conclude that the cells must be a type of ________ cell.
prokaryotic
Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
protein modification
Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
regulate the traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell
All of the following are functions of the cytoskeletal system except
produces proteins
The endomembrane system includes ________.
Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion?
Increase the concentration of molecules even higher on the high concentration side.
________ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.
Phospholipids
A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is TRUE?
The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker.
A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. What will happen when the balloon is submerged in the beaker?
The volume of water in the beaker will decrease.
Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?
active transport
Hormones secreted from a cell are usually manufactured by ribosomes ________.
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ________. plasmolysis-the shrinking of the cytoplasm of the cell away from the cell wall due to water loss via osmosis turgid- swelling of a cell, to the point of becoming rigid or inflexible flaccid- neither swollen, nor shrunken
become turgid
Active transport ________.
can involve the transport of ions can move solutes against their concentration gradient uses ATP as an energy source all of the answer options
When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ________.
exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration
Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion?
exocytosis
Examine the cells below. Cells with a higher concentration of ions than the surrounding medium tend to ________.
expand
Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ________.
lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification
Vacuoles are ________.
membranous sacs
During a race such as a marathon, the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy to continually contract and power your muscles. What organelle is most likely abundant in skeletal muscle cells?
mitochondria
Where does protein synthesis take place?
on ribosomes
All of the following are differences between animal and plant cells except
only plant cells have a cytoskeleton
Diffusion is an example of ________.
passive transport
The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ________.
phagocytosis
The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ________.
phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it is likely to be a(n) ________ cell.
plant
Diffusion ________.
proceeds until equilibrium is reached
Which of the following parts of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company?
the Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is an adaptation to increase the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellular respiration?
the cristae of a mitochondrion
Osmosis can be defined as ________.
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?(lysis=the cell bursts)
the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall
Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient.
transport proteins... down
What structures move proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?
transport vesicles