Chapter 3

Which pharaoh was ruling when the New Kingdom reached the height of its power?

Amenhotep III

Hammurabi established a capital for his empire at

Babylon.

After the Akkadian empire, the next great empire in Mesopotamia was called the

Babylonian empire.

The pharaoh Akhenaten believed that

Egyptians should worship only one god, Aten.

How was the Persian emperor Cyrus different from the Assyrian emperors?

He had a reputation for being merciful and respectful to other civilizations.

Before the independent state of Kush was established around 1000 B.C., the area was called

Nubia.

In a Mesopotamian family, who wielded the most power?

The father.

According to the Code of Hammurabi, how should a son be punished if he hits his father?

The son's hand should be cut off.

What helped the Kushites establish a successful trading empire?

Their land had good supplies of iron ore, which they made into tools and weapons for sale abroad.

What was one important advantage the Hyksos had over the Egyptians in battle?

They rode in horse-drawn war chariots.

The Assyrian communication system was so efficient that a governor could send a message anywhere within the empire and receive a response within

a week.

At its height, the Akkadian empire included

all of Mesopotamia and lands westward to the Mediterranean.

Hammurabi is now most remembered for

developing the set of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi.

In addition to iron goods, the major exports of Kush were

gold, ivory, ebony, and slaves.

Sargon's power came primarily from

his military strength.

To help control his large empire, the Akkadian emperor Sargon

made the former rulers of the city-states he conquered into governors.

A society in which men hold the greatest control in both private and political spheres is known as a

patriarchy.

At the height of their prosperity, the Kushites buried their kings in

pyramids.

In the Persian empire, a system of well-maintained roads connected the various provinces, also known as

satrapies.

The pharaoh Hatshepsut first gained power by

serving as regent for her stepson, Thutmosis III.

What was the most famous feature of the city of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar II made it the center of his empire?

the Hanging Gardens.

The Middle Kingdom ended around 1650 B.C., when

the Hyksos invaded Egypt.

When the emperor Darius conquered Thrace,

the Persian empire became the largest the world had yet known.

In 539 B.C., Babylon fell to the

the Persians.

The word Zoroastrianism comes from

the name of the prophet whose teachings are recorded in the sacred book of the religion.

The phrase "an eye for an eye" sums up a concept known as

the principle of retaliation.

The Zoroastrians believe that

the supreme god, Ahuramazda, is a good spirit who is opposed by an evil spirit, Ahriman.

When an Assyrian army approached an enemy city, it would most likely

use battering rams and siege towers to destroy the walls surrounding the city.

At its height, the Assyrian empire was ruled by kings

who claimed absolute power over their subjects.