Chapter 3

private cloud definition?

(or internal cloud) is internal to an organization and can help the organization balance demand and supply of computing resources within the organization; similar to a public cloud, a private cloud provides self-service access to resources, allowing business users to provision resources on-demand using a utility computing model.

top level domain examples?

.edu—educational institutions .org—organizations (typically nonprofit organizations) .gov—U.S. government entity .de—Germany (there are more than 240 two-letter country code top-level domains

whatre the various issues management should consider when moving infrastructure to the public cloud?

1. AvAIlAbIlITy/relIAbIlITy 2. ScAlAbIlITy. 3. vIAbIlITy 4. SecUrITy, prIvAcy, AnD complIAnce. 5. DIverSITy of offerIngS. 6. openneSS. 7. costs x - which applications, services, or data to move to the cloud. - no single cloud computing provider that will meet all of the needs of an organization x - organizations must carefully consider which cloud services provider to choose - Some of the long-term, strategic issues that manage-ment should consider when evaluating different public cloud service providers include availabil-ity, reliability, scalability, viability, security, privacy, compliance, diversity of offerings, openness, and, not least, cost

1. internet 2. intranet 3. extranet focus, type of content, users, access

1. External communications, General, public content, Any user with an Internet connection, Public and not restricted 2. Internal communications, Specific, corporate, and proprietary content, Authorized employees, Private and restricted 3. External communications, Communications between business, Authorized business, Private and restricted

ServIce moDelS:

1. Infrastructure as a Service 2. Platform as a Service 3. Software as a Service

cloUD cHArAcTerISTIcS:

1. On-Demand Self-Service 2. Rapid Elasticity - in a cloud environment, computing resources can be scaled up or down almost instantaneously and often automatically, based on user needs. 3. Broad Network Access - they are accessible from almost anywhere and from almost any web-enabled device. 4. Resource Pooling - Rather than renting out space or time to each customer on one specific, physical machine, cloud providers manage multiple distributed resources that are dynamically assigned to multiple customers based on their needs. 5. Measured Service - Measured service is typically used in a utility computing model, where providers monitor usage and customers pay only for what they use.

Issues Associated with managing the IS Infrastructure?

1. Rapid Obsolescence and Shorter IT Cycle 2. fASTer IT cycleS AnD conSUmerIzATIon. 3. SofTwAre obSoleScence. 4. Big Data and Rapidly Increasing Storage Need 5. Demand Fluctuations 6. Increasing Energy Needs

To achieve these benefits, services have to follow three main principles:

1. Reusability. A service should be usable in many different applications. 2. Interoperability. A service should work with any other service. 3. Componentization. A service should be simple and modular

types of netowkrs: 1. personal area network 2. local area network 3. wide area network usage, size?

1. Wireless communication between devices, using tech-nologies such as Bluetooth, under 10 meters 2. Sharing of data, software applications, or other resources between several users, Typically within a building 3. Connect multiple LANs, often with distributed ownership and management, Large physical distance, from spanning multiple buildings or the area of a city to worldwide (Internet)

whatre the three ways in which digital infrastructure can have a profound influence on businesses, individuals, and society?

1. new systems are built on prior ones, accelerating innovation 2. digital infrastructures are not controlled by a single business/government but are provided by companies like Amazon, thus there is a competitive and market-based environment that acts to accelerate innovation and change 3. digital infrastructure allows for platform-based business models to permeate almost every aspect of out lives

type of computer: 1. supercomputer 2. mainframe 3. server 4. workstation 5. personal computer 6. mobile device # of simultaneous users, physical size, typical use, random access memory, typical cost?

1. one to many, Like an automobile to as large as multiple rooms, Scientific research, 5,000+ GB, Up to $200 million 2. 1,000+, Like a refrigerator, Transaction processing, enterprise-wide applications, Up to 3,000+ GB, Up to $10 million 3. 10,000+, Like a DVD player and mounted in a rack to fitting on a desktop, Providing websites or access to data-bases, applica-tions, or files, Up to 512 GB, Up to $50,000 4. Typically one, Fitting on a desktop to the size of a file cabinet, Engineering, medical, graphic design, Up to 512 GB, Up to $10,000 5. one, Fitting on a desktop, Personal productivity, 512 MB to 32 GB, Up to $5,000 6. one, Handheld, Personal productivity, 512 MB to 6 GB, Up to $750

to enable business processes organizations rely on what three basic capabilities?

1. processing 2. storage 3. transmission of data

types of clouds:

1. public cloud 2. private cloud

Computers in a network typically have one of three distinct roles, whatre they?

1. servers 2. clients 3. peers

The six general classes of computers are?

1. supercomputer 2. mainframe 3. server 4. workstation 5. personal computer 6. mobile device

1. host name 2. domain name 3. top-level domain name

1. www. 2. google 3. .com

analogous to human communication, computer networks require three things:

A sender (source) and a receiver (destination) that have something to share (a message) A pathway or transmission medium, such as a cable, to send the message Rules or protocols governing communication between senders and receivers

active tags?

Active tags, on the other hand, cost upward of US$5, include a battery, and can transmit hundreds of feet. Together with other IoT devices and Big Data, RFID systems have the potential to revolutionize production pro-cesses in countless industries

Moores law definition?

Intel cofounder Dr. Gordon Moore hypothesized that the number of transistors on a chip would double about every 2 years. When Moore made this bold prediction, he did not limit it to any specified period of time. This prediction became known as Moore's law.

three distinct types of data?

Operational data—data used for managing business processes, such as for processing trans-actions or for data analysis Backup data—short-term copies of organizational data, used to recover from system-related disaster (Backup data are frequently overwritten with newer backups.) Archival data—long-term copies of organizational data, often used for compliance and reporting purposes

radio frequency identification (RFID) definition?

RFID uses electromagnetic energy to transmit data between a reader (transceiver) and a processing device, or RFID tag

public cloud definition?

Services in a public cloud can be used by any interested party on a pay-per-use basis; hence, they are often used for applications that need rapid scalability (i.e., the ability to adapt to increases or decreases in demand for processing or data storage) or in cases where there is insufficient capital or other resources to build or expand an IS infrastructure.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) definition?

The standard method of specifying the structure and content of web pages

Using SOA, business processes are broken down into individual components (or services) that are designed to achieve the desired results for the service consumer (which can either be an application, another service, or a person). ex:

To illustrate this concept, think about the next oil change for your car. As you can't be expert in everything, it is probably more effective to have someone change the oil for you. You may take your car to the dealership, you may go to an independent garage or oil change service, or you may ask your friend to do it for you. For you, all that matters is that the service will be provided at the expected level of quality and cost, but you typically do not care if different service providers do things differently or use different tools.

examples of operating systmes?

Windows, OS X, Ubuntu Linux

internet definition?

a large worldwide collection of networks that use a common protocol to communicate with each other.

domain name definition?

a term that helps people recognize the company or person that the domain name represents.

device drivers definition?

allow the computer to communicate with various different hardware devices. The operating system performs all of the day-to-day operations that we often take for granted when using a computer, such as updating the system clock, printing documents, or saving data to a hard drive.

peer definition?

any computer that may both request and provide services. Businesses typically use client-server networks, in which servers and clients have defined roles.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act mandate?

archiving business documents and relevant internal communication, includ-ing e-mail and instant messages. Hence, organizations are faced with the need to reliably process and store tremendous amounts of data, and this storage requirement is growing at an increasing rate.

embedded systems?

are optimized to perform a well-defined set of tasks, ranging from playing MP3 music files to controlling engine performance, traffic lights, or DVD players.

passive tags?

are small and relatively inexpensive (starting from a few cents) and typically have a range up to several feet.

programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are used to?

automate machines and can control everything from manufacturing processes to ski lifts.

people and companies rely on what to function?

basic municipal services

RFID tags?

can be used just about anywhere a unique identification system might be needed, such as on clothing, pets, cars, keys, missiles, or manufactured parts. RFID tags can range in size from being a fraction of an inch, which can be inserted beneath an animal's skin, up to several inches across and affixed to a product or shipping container

databases definition?

collections of related data organized in a way that facilitates data searches, are vital to an organization's operations and often are vital to competitive advantage and success.

mainframe defnition?

computers are used primarily as the main, central computing system for major cor-porations; optimized for high availability, resource utilization, and security, mainframes are typi-cally used for mission-critical applications, such as transaction processing.

dedicated grid definition?

consisting of a large number of homogeneous computers (and not relying on underutilized resources), can help overcome these problems.

Another recent trend in IS hardware infrastructure management is the use of?

content delivery networks

operating systems?

coordinates the interaction between hardware components

Platform as a Service definition?

customers can run their own applications, which are typically designed using tools provided by the service provider.

what is the most important asset an organization has? why?

data; is essential for both executing business processes and gaining business intelligence.

operational data are typically stored in?

databases

workstations definition?

designed for medical, engineering, architectural, or animation and graphics design uses, are optimized for visualization and rendering of 3D models and typically have fast processors, large memory, and advanced video cards.

what advantages do RFID tags offer over barcodes?

eliminates the need for line-of-sight reading. RFID also does not require time-consuming hand scanning, and RFID data is readable regardless of the entity's position or whether the tag is plainly visible. RFID tags can also contain more data than bar codes.

peer-to-peer networks?

enable any computer or device on the network to provide and request services; these networks can be found in small offices and homes

common operating system functions?

getting input from a keyboard or mouse, reading from and/or writing to a storage device (such as a hard disk drive), and presenting information to you via a monitor.

One way for overcoming cost or use limitations of a supercompuer is to utilize?

grid computing

A fundamental component of the IS infrastructure is the?

hardware

what is information systems structure?

hardware, system software, storage, networking, and data centers) to support their deci-sion making, business processes, and competitive strategy.

what does application software do?

helps to automate business processes and enables processes that would otherwise not even be possible.

businesses rely on what to function?

information systems infrastructure (also referred to as digital infrastructure)

cloud computing definition?

is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services

web browser definition?

is a software application that can be used to locate and display web pages, including text, graphics, and multimedia content.

World Wide Web definition?

is a system of interlinked documents on the Internet, or a graphical user interface to the Internet that provides users with a simple, consistent interface to access a wide variety of content.

server definition?

is any computer on a network that makes access to files, printing, communications, and other services available to users of the network. Servers are used to provide services to users within large orga-nizations or to web users.

client definition?

is any computer, such as a user's PC or laptop, on the network or any software application, such as Microsoft's Outlook e-mail client, that uses the services provided by the server.

system software defintion?

is the collection of programs that control the basic operations of computer hardware.

computer networking definition?

is the sharing of data or services. (The information source produces a message, which is encoded so that it can be transmitted via a communication channel; a receiver then decodes the message so that it can be understood by the destination.)

bandwith definition?

is the transmission capacity of a computer or communications channel, measured in bits per second (bps) or multiples thereof, and represents how much binary data can be reliably transmitted over the medium in one second.

intranet definition?

looks and acts just like a publicly accessible website and uses the same software, hardware, and networking technologies to transmit and display data. All intranet pages are behind the company's firewall, which secures proprietary data stored within the corporate local area network and/or wide area network so that the data can be viewed only by authorized users.

Infrastructure as a Service definition?

only the basic capabilities of processing, storage, and networking are provided.

what is The most prominent type of system software?

operating system

information systems architecture definition?

organization's technologies, systems, and processes that support an organi-zation's specific business processes and strategy

utility computing definition?

organizations "rent-ing" resources such as processing, data storage, or networking from an external provider on an as-needed basis, and paying only for what is actually used)

hypertext definition?

otherwise known as a web page, contains not only content but also hyperlinks, which are references or links to other docu-ments.

peripherals examples?

printers

Another key IoT technology helping to monitor product flows is?

radio frequency identification (RFID)

grid computing definition?

refers to combining the computing power of a large number of smaller, independent, net-worked computers (often regular desktop PCs) into a cohesive system in order to solve problems that only supercomputers were previously capable of solving.

transmission media definition?

refers to the physical pathway—cable(s) and wireless—used to transmit data.

deep web definition?

refers to those parts of the web that cannot be indexed by conventional search engines. The common web (called "surface web") that you know and use every day—sites like YouTube, Google, Wikipedia, and news agencies—comprises as little as 1 percent of the total size of the web.

IP addresses definition?

serve to identify all the computers or devices on the Internet.

In order to achieve greater flexibility and agility, organizations have tried to move away from deploying large, monolithic applications in favor of a ?

service-oriented architecture (SOA)

On the most fundamental level, databases are used to?

store data and to make the data accessible where and when needed. support storing and analyzing Big Data from a variety of sources. More specifically, the use of databases to store organizational data ranging from inventory to demand forecasts to customer data enables applications from across an organization to access the data needed.

The Internet uses what to facilitate the transmission of web pages and other information?

the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

business processes definition?

the activities organizations perform in order to reach their business goals, including core activities that transform inputs and produce outputs and supporting activities that enable the core activities to take place.

hardware definition?

the computers that run the applications and databases necessary for processing transactions or analyzing business data.

Software as a Service definition?

the customer uses only applications provided via a cloud infrastructure. Typically, such applications include web-based e-mail services (e.g., Google's Gmail) and web-based productivity suites (such as Zoho or Google Docs) but also advanced applications such as CRM systems, as provided by Salesforce.com

supercomputer definition?

the most expensive and most powerful kind of computer. Typically, supercomputers are not used by business organiza-tions; they are used primarily to assist in solving massive scientific problems.

ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) definition?

the organization that coordi-nates the domain name system) relaxed the strict rules for gTLDs so that regions, businesses, or other entities can apply for their own gTLD.

host name definition?

the particular web server or group of web servers (if it is a larger website) that will respond to the request (www.)

Human communication involves?

the sharing of information and messages between senders and receivers.

Infrastructure defnition?

the technical structures enabling the provision of services (ex: power, telephone, water, and sewage lines, are "invisible" to the users, meaning that the users typically do not know (or even care))

personal computers definition?

used for personal computing and small business computing.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) definition?

used to identify and locate a particular web page.

extranet definition?

which can be regarded as a private part of the Internet that is cordoned off from ordinary users, enables two or more firms to use the Internet to do busi-ness together.

web servers definition?

which process user requests for pages using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

thin clients definition?

—microcomputers with minimal memory, storage, and processing capabilities—use desktop virtualization to provide workers with a virtual desktop environment, helping to reduce costs for software licensing or maintenance and to comply with stringent privacy and data protection laws.