Chapter 3 ACIS

view

a ____ allows you to see the contents of a database file, make whatever changes you want, perform simple sorting, and query to find the location of specific information. they essentially provide each file in the form of a spreadsheet workbook

Create, Read, Update, Delete

what does CRUD stand for?

Query-by-example tools (QBE tools)

these help you graphically design the answer to a question

report generators

these help you quickly define formats or reports and what information you want to see in a report, once you define a report, you can view it on the screen or print it

logical

this view of information focuses on how you as a knowledge worker need to arrange and access information to meet your particular business needs

artificial intelligence

tools such as neural networks and fuzzy logic to form the basis of "information discovery" and building business intelligence in OLAP

OLTP

databases and DBMSs are the technology tools that directly support _____

online transaction processing (OLTP)

the gathering of of input information, processing the information, and updating existing information to reflect the gathered and processed information

change management

__ ____ facilities allow you to assess the impact of proposed structural changes to a database

security management

_____ _____ facilities allow you to control who has access to what information and what type of access those people have

operational

_____ databases are databased that support OLTP and are valuable for gathering business intelligence

concurrency control

______ ______ facilities ensure that validity of database updates when multiple users attempt to access and change the same information

query optimization

_______ ______ facilities often take queries from users and restructure them to minimize response times --basically these facilities find the "shortest route" to the information you want so that you don't have to

backup and recovery

_______ and _____ facilities provide a way for you to periodically back up information and restart or recover a database and its information in case of a failure

backup

a ___ is simply a copy of the information stored on a computer

database

a collection of information that you organize and access according to the logical structure of that information

application generation subsystem

a component of the DBMS that contains facilities to help you develop transaction-intensive applications. these applications usually require you to perform a detailed series of tasks to process a transaction

data administration subsystem

a component of the DBMS that helps you manage the overall database environment by providing facilities for backup and recovery, security management, query optimization, concurrency control, and change management. These are most commonly used by database administrators

primary key

a field (or group of fields) that uniquely describes each record in a relational database

foreign key

a primary key of one file that appears in another file. they are essential to the relational database model. without them, you have no way of creating logical ties among the various files

data warehouse

a special form of a database that contains a logical collection of information gathered from operational databases for the purpose of supporting decision-making tasks

structured query language (SQL)

a standardized fourth-generation query language found in most DBMSs. it performs the same functions as QBE, except that you perform the query by creating a statement instead of pointing, clicking, and dragging.

data mart

a subset of a data warehouse in which only a focused portion of the data warehouse information is kept

DBMS engine

accepts logical requests from the various other DBMS subsystems, converts them into their physical equivalent, and actually accesses the database and data dictionary as they exist on a storage device (the most important, yet seldom recognized component of a DBMS)

Business Intelligence

collective information--about your customers, your competitors, your business partners, your competitive environment, your own internal operations--that gives you the ability to make effective, important, and often strategic business decisions

reorganization facilities

continually maintain statistics concerning how the DBMS engine physically accesses information and reorganizes how information is physically stored

database administration

defining and organizing database structures and contents, developing security procedures, and approving and monitoring the development of database and database operations

digital dashboard

displays key information gathered from several sources on a computer screen

statistical tools

help you apply various mathematical models to the information stored in a data warehouse to discover new information

database management system (DBMS)

helps you specify the logical organization for a database and access and use the information within a database

CPO (Chief privacy officer)

responsible for ensuring that information is used in an ethical way and that only the right people have access to certain types of information such as financial records, payroll, and healthcare

CSO (chief security officer)

responsible for the technical aspects of ensuring the security of information such as the development and the use of firewalls, intranets, extranets, and anti-virus software

integrity constraints

rules that help ensure the quality of the information

query-reporting tools

similar to QBE tools, SQL, an report generators in the typical database environment

multidimensional analysis tools (MDA)

slice-and-dice techniques that allow you to view multidimensional information from different prospectives

WHERE

the component of the SQL where you specify an selection criteria

FROM

the component of the SQL where you specify what logical relationships to use

database administration

the function in an organization that is responsible for the more technical and operational aspects of managing the information contained in organizational information repositories

data administration

the function in an organization that plans for, oversees the development of, and monitors the information resource. this function must be completely in-tune with the strategic direction of the organization to assure that all information requirements can be and are being met

online analytical processing (OLAP)

the manipulation of information to support decision making

key performance indicators (KPIs)

the most essential an important quantifiable measures used in analytics initiatives to monitor success of a business activity

relational

the most popular database model that uses a series of logically related two-dimensional tables or files to store information in the form of a database. usually composed of two distinct parts: the information itself and the logical structure of that information

hypercube

the multidemensional representation of information

object-oriented

the newest database model that holds the greatest promise

recovery

the process of reinstalling the backup information in the event the information was lost

analytics

the science of fact-based decision making. A growing field of study, research, and career opportunities that focuses on the integrated use of technology tools and statistical techniques to create real-time, high-quality, fact-based business intelligence in support of decision making

data-mining tools

the software tools you use to query information in a data warehouse. these tools support the concept of OLAP

data manipulation subsystem

this component of the DBMS helps you add, change, and delete information in a database and query it for valuable information. it also allows you to specify your logical information requirements

data definition subsystem

this component of the DBMS helps you create and maintain the data dictionary and define the structure of the files in a database

SELECT

this component of the SQL is where you list the fields of information you want

CTO (chief technology officer)

this person is responsible for overseeing both the underlying IT infrastructure within an organization and the user-facing technologies (such as CRM systems)

CIO (chief information officer)

this person is responsible for overseeing every aspect of an organization's information resources

ETL

this process includes: extracting needed data from its sources, transforming the data into a standardized format, and loading the transformed data into a data warehouse

data dictionary

this tool contains the logical structure for the information in a database and important information (or logical properties) about your information

physical

this view of information deals with how information is physically arranged, stored and accessed on some type of storage device such as a hard disk