Chapter 3: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

but-

4 carbons

pent-

5 carbons

meth-

1 carbon

For substituents with complex branches

1. Number the longest carbon chain WITHIN the substituent. Start with the carbon attached to the parent chain 2. Name the substituent 3. Name and Number the substituent's side group

names of alkyl groups

1. methyl 2. ethyl 3. propyl 4. butyl 5. pentyl 6. hexyl 7. heptyl 8. octyl 9. nonyl 10. decyl

hex-

6 carbons

Rules for Line Angle Formulas

1. Carbon and Hydrogen atoms are not shown unless necessary for specific emphasis or clarity 2. All atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are explicitly shown 3. a carbon atom is assumed to be at the end of every line segment or at the intersection of 2+ lines 4. multiple bonds = multiple lines 5. the proper number of hydrogen atoms to provide four bonds to carbon is implied with formal charges. Hydrogen atoms on other atoms, Oxygen or Nitrogen, are explicitly shown 6. Lone pair electrons do not need to be shown unless necessary

IUPAC consists of....

1. parent name 2. name of substituents 3. location of substituents

dec-

10 carbons

undec-

11 carbons

dodec-

12 carbons

tridec-

13 carbons

tetradec-

14 carbons

pentadec-

15 carbons

hexadec-

16 carbons

heptadec-

17 carbons

octadec-

18 carbons

nonadec-

19 carbons

eth-

2 carbons

eicosane

20 carbons

prop-

3 carbons

hept-

7 carbons

oct-

8 carbons

non-

9 carbons

Formula for an alkane

CnH2n+2

Alkanes

Saturated hydrocarbons; contain only carbon and hydrogen bonded together through C-H and C-C single bonds

line-angle formula

an abbreviated way to draw structural formulas in which vertices and line endings represent carbons

parent chain

longest continuous chain of carbon atoms; if more than 1 possible parent chain, choose the one with a higher # of substituents; if it is a cyclic, add the prefix "cyclo"