CHAPTER 3: ARE WE REALLY WHAT WE EAT?

Part E - Malabsorption in the GI TractPart complete Which of the following gastrointestinal tract conditions alters the structure of the small intestine, resulting in malabsorption?

celiac disease

When we have not eaten for a while, blood glucose levels fall, which prompts a(n) ____ in insulin and a(n) ___ in glucagon.

decrease, increase

The process by which a person's body breaks down foods into molecules is called __________.

digestion

Part D - Digestive Disorders of the GI TractPart complete In this activity, you will sort the digestive disorders of the gastrointestinal tract according to the organ in which the disorder primarily occurs. Drag the appropriate items into their respective bins.

esophagus: heartburn stomach: gastric ulcer small intestine: celiac disease large intestine: irritable bowel syndrome constipation

Bile is made in the liver and stored in the

gallbladder

A painful sensation in the chest that results from gastric juices seeping back up into the esophagus is called

gastroesophageal reflux(GER)

Celiac disease is a disorder characterized by autoimmune reactions in response to consumption of _________.

gluten

A food allergy is a(n) _______ reaction of the immune system.

hypersensitivity

The ________ prompts hunger in response to various signals.

hypothalamus

Food allergies are _______ than food intolerances, and potentially ________ .

less common, more serious

Water-soluble nutrients stored in blood are routed directly from the small intestine through the portal vein to the

liver

Appetite is a(n) ______ desire to consume specific foods.

psychological

Where in your body does the majority of the digestion and absorption of food occur?

small intestine

Part C - Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat Digestive EnzymesPart complete A key objective in this chapter is to identify the major enzymes in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats as well as the organs that secrete them. This activity requires you to match the enzyme with the secreting organ(s).

stomach: pepsin pancreas: pancreatic proteases more than one organ: amylase lipase

Part B - Secretions and Functions of the GI Tract and Accessory Organs

stomach: secretes hormone gastrin secretes hydrochloric acid(HCI) gallbladder: concentrates and stores bile liver: produces bile pancreas: produces insulin produces pancreatic lipase

A diet high in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables appears to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.

true

Identify the correct order, from highest satiety value to lowest, of the following:

Solid foods, semisolid foods, beverages

The human body is organized into the following structural levels (smallest to largest)

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems.

1. Food is propelled forward by rhythmic contractions called peristalsis, which move food down the esophagus and through the stomach

2. The secretions called saliva are produced in the glands located behind the tongue and contain the enzyme amylase to chemically digest carbohydrate.

3. During mastication, teeth mechanically cut and grind food into smaller pieces as the tongue mixes them with saliva.

4. When fat enters the duodenum, the gallbladder secretes an emulsifier called bile to break up the large fat globules.

5. Without the flap of tissue at the back of the tongue called the epiglottis, food would enter the trachea during swallowing.

6. Chyme passes through the ileocecal valve that connects the ileum with the ascending colon.

7. The bolus passes through the gastroesophageal sphincter into the stomach to mix with gastric digestive juices.

8. The bolus slides down this tube, called the esophagus, which connects the pharynx to the stomach.

What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?

Helicobacter pylori