Chapter 3 Bio

Which components form the structure of the plasma membrane?

A double layer of lipids with protein embedded in it

Which molecule, when moving across a plasma membrane, would require the most ATP to be use?

An ion moving against a concentration gadient

Which organelle performs photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

Although viruses are extremely small, they are too large to enter a cell by passive transport. Which process brings viruses into a host cell?

Endocytosis

How would amino acids and calcium ions from the bloodstream move across a cell membrane?

Facilitated diffusion

Which organelle is a stack of membranous sacs that sort proteins to their proper cellular location?

Golgi apparatus

What happens to excess protein in the body?

It is stored as fat

What is the function of the plasma membrane in a photosynthetic cell?

It isolates the cell's contents from the external enviroment

Why is fiber an important part of a healthful human diet?

It may decrease the risk of certain types of cancer

What are nutrients that the human body requires in large quantities?

Macronutrients

Which substance is true about minerals?

Minerals cannot be made by the body

If Erin would like to make a stir fry with an unsaturated fat, which fat would be suggested by Sam?

Olive Oil

Cells contain proteins that help transport substances from the exterior to the interior of the cell. Where are these proteins found?

Plasma membrane

Why are whole foods better for your health than processed foods?

Processed foods don't contain all the vitamins and minerals found in whole foods.

Imagine a balloon is made from a membrane that's permeable to water but not sucrose molecules. If the balloon is filled with a 50% sucrose solution and then placed in a beaker of water, then the balloon will

The balloon would get larger as it gains water

Elodea is a freshwater aquatic plant that is often used as aquarium vegetation. What would happen to an Elodea plant that was immersed in a saltwater aquarium?

The cell of the plant would shrink as water from the plant moved into the aquarium

What is diffusion?

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

What is a major difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Unsaturated fats contain carbon-to-carbon double bonds, but saturated fats don't.

Which of the following is a mirconutrients?

Vitamin C

Which substance requires sunlight for its synthesis?

Vitamin D

In general, when would the net movement of small, uncharged atoms and molecules through the plasma membrane end?

When the concentration of a solute is equal on both sides of the membrane

Which food is most likely to contain all essential amino acids?

beef

If vitamins help molecules reduce the activation energy for necessary chemical reactions, what is their role within the cell?

coenzymes

Which organelle is a network of membranes involved in the production of proteins?

endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that degrade a variety of macromolecules?

lysosomes

Which organelle preforms cellular respiration?

mitochondria

In which eukaryotic cell structure are ribosomes made?

nucleolus

How are large substances moved during exocytosis?

out of the cell

How would the permeability of the phospholipid bilayer of plasma membranes be described?

the bilayer is differentially permeable

What is a function of antioxidants ?

to decrease damage done to cells by free radicals