Chapter 3 Cells & Tissues

Endocytosis is an example of excretion. passive transport. active transport. facilitated diffusion. simple diffusion.

active transport

Epithelial tissue has which of the following functions? secretion absorption protection lining spaces all of these choices

all of these choices

A protein is defined by the sequence of its fatty acids. amino acids. molecules. atoms. enzymes.

amino acids

The splitting and separation of centromeres occurs during prophase. anaphase. metaphase. telophase. cytokinesis.

anaphase

The process by which lysosomes digest an entire cell is called autolysis. autoregulation. autophagy. cytokinesis. phagocytosis.

autolysis

A basement membrane is always present between the epithelial cells lining body cavities. between the epithelium and underlying muscle tissue. between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue. on the apical surface of the epithelium. between the epithelial cells found in glands.

between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue

The different types of epithelia are named according to cell size and shape. location and type of secretion. cell shape and number of layers of cells. cell shape and location in the body. location and number of layers of cells.

cell shape and number of layers of cells

The movement of molecules across a plasma membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration requires cellular energy. lysosomes. ribosomes. osmosis. diffusion.

cellular energy

The structure located near the nucleus, made of two cylindrical structures composed of clusters of microtubules is the nucleolus. centrosome. flagellum. microtubule. cilium.

centrosome

Which of the following epithelia function in absorption and secretion? squamous epithelium columnar epithelium cuboidal epithelium squamous and columnar epithelium columnar and cuboidal epithelium

columnar and cuboidal epithelium

Which of the following tissues is often ciliated? transitional epithelium connective tissue cartilage columnar epithelium squamous epithelium

columnar epithelium

Blood belongs to which major tissue type? epithelial tissue connective tissue skeletal tissue muscle tissue nervous tissue

connective tissue

The type of tissue that functions in support and protection of body organs, stores energy, and provides immunity is epithelial tissue. connective tissue. nervous tissue. muscle tissue. osseous tissue.

connective tissue

To which of the following tissues does cartilage belong? epithelial tissue nervous tissue areolar tissue bone tissue connective tissue

connective tissue

Which of the following tissues contains a large amount of extracellular matrix? connective tissue glial tissue epithelial tissue muscle tissue nervous tissue

connective tissue

The division of the cytoplasm is referred to as meiosis. somatic cell division. reproductive cell division. mitosis. cytokinesis.

cytokinesis

Jennifer loves perfume. She visits her local discount store regularly. Today she came to class wearing her latest purchase and soon everyone was familiar with the scent. What is being demonstrated here? osmosis diffusion phagocytosis active transport wise shopping

diffusion

Which type of tissue contains chondrocytes and makes up a large portion of the outer ear? elastic connective tissue. hyaline cartilage. fibrocartilage. elastic cartilage. bone.

elastic cartilage

All of the following are classified as loose connective tissue EXCEPT areolar connective tissue. adipose tissue. reticular connective tissue. elastic connective tissue. reticular and elastic connective tissue.

elastic connective tissue

Connective tissue fibers that return to their original shape after being stretched are collagen fibers. reticular fibers. elastic fibers. glucoprotein fibers. chondroitin fibers.

elastic fibers

The tissue lining body cavities is epithelial tissue. connective tissue. skeletal tissue. muscle tissue. nervous tissue.

epithelial tissue

Which of the following tissues is always avascular? connective tissue muscle tissue skeletal tissue epithelial tissue nervous tissue

epithelial tissue

All of the following are characteristics of connective and epithelial tissues except connective tissue cells are farther from each other than epithelial cells. there is extracellular material or matrix between connective cells but usually not in epithelium. epithelial tissues have a good blood supply that often diffuses into the connective tissue to nourish them as well. epithelial tissue cells can divide easily, often connective tissue repairs slowly or not at all. connective tissue contains fibers, but epithelial tissue does not.

epithelial tissues have a good blood supply that often diffuses into the connective tissue to nourish them as well

Which type of tissue is responsible for producing secretions that help to lower body temperature, and lubricate and protect body surfaces? nervous epithelium muscle connective adipose

epithelium

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution loses water. gains water. neither gains nor loses water. shrinks. will not change shape.

gains water

Meiosis is the nuclear division used during the formation of gametes. skin cells. red blood cells. bone cells. somatic cells.

gametes

All of the following cells can be found in connective tissue EXCEPT fibroblasts. macrophages. plasma cell. mast cells. glial cells.

glial cells

All of the following are secretory products of exocrine glands EXCEPT mucus. oil. digestive enzymes. hormones. saliva.

hormones

The replication of DNA takes place during mitosis. meiosis I. meiosis II. interphase. cytokinesis.

interphase

The type of fluid found in the microscopic spaces between cells is called intracellular fluid interstitial fluid plasma lymph cerebrospinal fluid

interstitial fluid

Which category of connective tissue functions to bind skin to underlying tissues and to bind smooth muscle cells together? loose connective tissue dense connective tissue hyaline cartilage fibrous cartilage elastic connective tissue

loose connective tissue

All of the following are functions of mucus EXCEPT prevents cavities from drying out traps dust particles in the respiratory passageways lubricates food as it moves through the gastrointestinal tract traps foreign particles like bacteria and viruses in the respiratory tract lubricates the ends of bones as they move in joints

lubricates the ends of bones as they move in joints

As many as 60 different digestive enzymes are found in Golgi complexes. rough endoplasmic reticulum. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. lysosomes. mitochondria.

lysosomes

Which of the following belongs to the cytoskeleton? cytosol mitochondria microtubules centromere flagella

microtubules

The cell organelle primarily responsible for transforming food energy into ATP energy is the: ribosome. mitochondria. lysosome. Golgi Apparatus. nuclear envelope.

mitochondria

Which organelle is the site of oxidative phosphorylation? lysosomes ribosomes nucleoli mitochondria peroxisomes

mitochondria

The assembly of microtubules that is responsible for the movement of chromosomes during anaphase is called the centromere. chromosome. chromatin. basal body. mitotic spindle.

mitotic spindle

Active transport requires proteins because they move molecules along a concentration gradient. are necessary for cell metabolism. are required for osmosis. require no energy from the cell. move molecules against the concentration gradient.

move molecules against the concentration gradient

Membranes that line body cavities that open directly to the exterior are serous membranes. synovial membranes. mucous membranes. parietal membranes. visceral membranes.

mucous membranes

The lining of body cavities that are exposed to the exterior, like those found in the respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems, are covered by cutaneous membranes mucous membranes serous membranes synovial membranes plasma membranes

mucous membranes

The tissue that is highly specialized for contraction is nervous tissue. epithelial tissue. connective tissue. muscle tissue. osseous tissue.

muscle tissue

Neuroglial cells belong to which of the following tissues? epithelial tissue osseous tissue connective tissue muscle tissue nervous tissue

nervous tissue

Chromatin is found in the nucleus. nuclear pores. ribosomes. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. lysosomes.

nucleus

In protein synthesis process of translation takes place in the nucleus. in the nucleolus. in the cytosol. on the ribosomes. on the mitochondria.

on the ribosomes

What is the correct term for the layer of a serous membrane that is attached to the body cavity wall? parietal layer perichondrium visceral layer peritoneum synovial layer

parietal layer

A scientist who examines tissue for changes that might indicate damage or disease is called a histologist. radiologist. pathologist. epidemiologist.

pathologist

Certain white blood cells can destroy bacteria by the process of pinocytosis. phagocytosis. exocytosis. transcytosis. receptor-mediated endocytosis.

phagocytosis

The plasma membrane consists of cholesterol and carbohydrates. mostly proteins. only phospholipids. phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. carbohydrates and lipids.

phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

Pinocytosis and phagocytosis involve structural changes in the cytoplasm. plasma membrane. ribosomes. mitochondria. cell nucleus.

plasma membrane

The membrane covering the lungs is the peritoneum. pleura. pericardium. mesothelium. endothelium.

pleura

To initiate the transcription of a gene, RNA polymerase binds to the ___, which is usually found near the beginning of the gene. promoter site terminator site start codon stop codon anticodon

promoter site

All of the following are characteristics of mitochondria EXCEPT double membrane cristae matrix proteasomes small number of genes and ribosomes

proteasomes

The main function of stratified squamous epithelium is secretion. absorption. diffusion. protection. distension.

protection

The fibers in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue are made of carbohydrates. proteins. nucleic acids. lipids. none of these choices.

proteins

Epithelium that appears to have several layers of column-shaped cells but actually has only one, is classified as simple columnar epithelium. stratified columnar epithelium. transitional epithelium. pseudostratified columnar epithelium. stratified cuboidal epithelium.

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

All of the following are true about the cytoplasm of the cell EXCEPT: site of chemical reactions in the cell. responsible for nuclear division during mitosis. has liquid portion known as the cytosol. is composed of a lattice of protein filaments called the cytoskeleton. contains the cell organelles.

responsible for nuclear division during mitosis

Protein synthesis can occur in structures attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. rough endoplasmic reticulum. mitochondria. Golgi complexes. lysosomes.

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A single layer of cuboidal cells lining a secretory duct would be classified as simple squamous epithelium. simple cuboidal epithelium. simple columnar epithelium. stratified cuboidal epithelium. stratified squamous epithelium.

simple cuboidal epithelium

A type of epithelium consisting of a single layer of flat cells which allow diffusion to occur is pseudostratified epithelium. stratified squamous epithelium. simple columnar epithelium. simple squamous epithelium. transitional tissue.

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following tissues would most likely have the best blood supply? epithelium skeletal muscle elastic cartilage fibrocartilage hyaline cartilage

skeletal muscle

Which of the following cell organelles help to detoxify the blood in the liver? Golgi complex lysosomes rough ER smooth ER vacuoles

smooth ER

Steroid synthesis is the function of the Golgi complex. ribosomes. rough endoplasmic reticulum. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. mitochondria.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

When a particular protein is complete, synthesis is ended by a special anticodon. amino acid. stop codon. start codon. carrier protein.

stop codon

A hollow organ that requires a protective surface against physical damage and is not involved in secretion or absorption (such as the esophagus) would most likely be lined with which of the following types of epithelium? simple squamous epithelium stratified squamous epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium stratified cuboidal epithelium cilated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

What type of epithelial tissue forms the epidermal layer of the skin? simple squamous epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium stratified squamous epithelium stratified cuboidal epithelium simple columnar epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

What is the main function of dense connective tissue? absorption strong attachment contraction lining of body cavities secretion

strong attachment

The membranes that line the cavities of some joints are synovial membranes. visceral membranes. mucous membranes. serous membranes. cutaneous membranes.

synovial membranes

The major function of the ribosomes is to: coordinate lipid synthesis. synthesize proteins. detoxify drugs and alcohol. act as the cell's garbage disposer or digestive system. form vesicles.

synthesize proteins

Amino acids that participate in protein synthesis are picked up in the cytosol by mRNA. rRNA. tRNA. ribosomes. ATP.

tRNA

The anticodon is located on the mRNA. rRNA. tRNA. DNA. ribosome.

tRNA

The final stage of mitosis is prophase. cytokinesis. anaphase. telophase. metaphase.

telophase

The cytoplasm is the term for all cell organelles combined. microtubules and microfilaments. the fluid portion of the cell. the cytosol plus cell organelles. the communication center of the cell.

the cytosol plus cell organelles.

Which of the following usually does NOT occur as tissues age? tissues heal faster glucose is added to proteins both inside and outside of cells loss of elasticity by collagen and elastin fibers telomeres shorten and disappear more cross links form between protein molecules

tissues heal faster

A type of epithelial tissue containing cells that can change shapes as the tissue stretches is called simple columnar epithelium. pseudostratified epithelium. transitional epithelium. stratified cuboidal epithelium. squamous epithelium.

transitional epithelium

The portion of a serous membrane that is closest to the organ is the mucous portion. parietal portion. synovial portion. visceral portion. pleural portion.

visceral portion

Which of the following contain a large amount of elastic connective tissue? heart valves the periosteum dermis epidermis wall of arteries

wall of arteries

A semipermeable membrane, which permits water movement but not ion movement, separates two solutions. Solution A contains 0.9% NaCl and solution B contains 9.0 % NaCl. With respect to this system, which of the following statements would be true? water would move from solution A to solution B water would move from solution B to solution A Na+ would move from solution A to solution B Na+ would move from solution B to solution A no net movement of water or ions would occur

**********

As a result of mitosis, each daughter cell contains ___ chromosomes. 46 23 43 24 54

46

Active transport includes facilitated diffusion and pinocytosis. True False

False

Body cavities are lined with connective tissue. True False

False

Facilitated diffusion requires a membrane carrier protein and cellular energy. True False

False

Metaphase is the longest stage of mitosis and is the stage where the centromeres first attach to the spindle fibers. True False

False

Microtubules hold organelles in place and attach one cell to another. True False

False

Most proteins can easily move across the plasma membrane. True False

False

Peripheral proteins penetrate all the way through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. True False

False

Ribosomes consist of DNA and protein. True False

False

Translation occurs in the nucleus. True False

False

The processing and sorting of proteins is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi complex. mitochondria. lysosomes. nucleus.

Golgi complex.

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Identify the type of tissue in the figure. elastic cartilage pseudostratified columnar epithelium simple squamous epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium dense regular connective tissue

stratified squamous epithelium

Identify the type of tissue in the figure. fibrocartilage pseudostratified columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium dense regular connective tissue

areolar

Identify the type of tissue in the figure. hyaline cartilage pseudostratified columnar epithelium adipose areolar dense regular connective tissue

A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a specialized activity. True False

True

Components of ribosomes are made in the nucleolus. True False

True

Epithelial cells are arranged in continuous sheets. True False

True

In active transport, the net result is molecules move from a lower to a higher concentration. True False

True

The Golgi complex produces lysosomes. True False

True

The first stage of mitosis is called prophase. True False

True

The only type of cell in the human body that contains a flagellum is a sperm cell. True False

True

The term cytoplasm refers to all cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. True False

True

Which of the following is necessary for diffusion to take place? a concentration gradient amino acids a hypertonic solution cellular energy transport proteins

a concentration gradient