Chapter 3 DSM

Which of the following functional groups is present in all amino acids?

-NH2

A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components?

A nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.

What do Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and mad cow disease have in common?

All have been associated with the buildup of misfolded proteins.

Which of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract and be digested the least?

Cellulose (in the lettuce). The human body can not digest cellulose.

When a protein is denatured, why does it lose its functionality?

Denaturation breaks the weak bonds, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions that hold the protein in its three-dimensional shape.

Which of the following are properties of hydrocarbons?

Hydrophobic, nonpolar, and a good source of stored energy (Fat and petrol)

The sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belong to which class of marcromolecules?

Lipids

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____.

Phospholipids

The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet represent which level of protein structure?

Secondary structure

In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source?

Starch

The overall three dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called the _____.

Tertiary structure (Emphasis on SINGLE)

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch. Why can't the same enzyme break down cellulose?

The monosaccharide monomers in cellulose are bonded in a different orientation than in starch.

Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid at room temperature by

adding hydrogen atoms to the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains.

Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of

amino acid molecules

Some lipids are formed when fatty acids are liked to glycerol. These subunits are linked together by _____.

ester linkages

Cellulose is a _____ made of many ______.

polymer ... glucose molecules

A straight chain carbon compound constructed from _____ must contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

six hydrogen, three carbon