Chapter 3 - Federalsim - POS 150

Which powers are exercised by both the national and state governments? Multiple choice question. Enumerated Concurrent Implied Prohibited

Concurrent

During which period was dual federalism the dominant form of federalism in the United States? Multiple choice question. 1963-1969 1789-1932 1970 to the present 1932-1962

1789-1932

Which of the following defines a federal system of government? Multiple choice question. Dual sovereignty Creation of the central government by the regional governments Central government sovereignty Creation of regional governments by the sovereign

Dual sovereignty

Both the cooperative federalism and centralized federalism eras used which governing tool? Multiple choice question. National supremacy as mandated by the Constitution Devolution The coercive powers of the states Intergovernmental transfers of grants-in-aid

Intergovernmental transfers of grants-in-aid

Which of the following describes a clause in legislation that directs state and local governments to comply with national legislation and standards? Multiple choice question. Nullification Mandate Waiver Preemption

Mandate

The Supreme Court in Gibbons v. Ogden interpreted the meaning of which constitutional power? Multiple choice question. Regulating interstate commerce Defense Establishing a national bank Taxation

Regulating interstate commerce

A grant-in-aid for a narrowly defined purpose for which governments compete with each other by proposing specific projects is referred to as a(n) Multiple choice question. categorical project grant. unfunded mandate. block grant. matching funds requirement.

categorical project grant.

The Fourteenth Amendment requirement that state governments follow fair procedures before taking away a person's life, liberties, or pursuit of happiness is called Multiple choice question. full faith and credit. privileges and immunities. equal protection. due process.

due process.

True or false: Only Republican lawmakers and presidents support devolution, or the return of policy responsibilities to state and local governments. True false question.TrueFalse

false

True or false: The federal government fully funds all mandates. True false question.TrueFalse

false Many mandates are underfunded and some are even unfunded. The federal government is under no constitutional obligation to provide adequate funding.

Compared to cooperative federalism, centralized federalism is characterized by Multiple choice question. equitable power sharing between national and state governments. decentralized power-sharing structures. greater national government control. greater state government control.

greater national government control.

As applied to environmental law in particular, preemption means that states cannot enact laws that provide Multiple choice question. more protection than federal law. less protection than federal law. protections required by foreign governments. the same protection as federal law.

less protection than federal law.

In a confederation, the central government has ______ authority over states and localities. Multiple choice question. absolute limited advisory ultimate

limited

Match each system of government with the appropriate description.

Federal system --> Two levels of sovereign governments Confederal system --> Sovereign regional governments Unitary system --> Sovereign central government

How does the U.S. Constitution create the dual sovereignty that is characteristic of a federal system? Multiple choice question. It leaves power entirely in the hands of the central government. It distributes different powers to the federal and state layers. It created the federal and state governing layers. The document never created a dual system on its own.

It distributes different powers to the federal and state layers.

Why did the Constitution enumerate fewer powers to the state governments? Multiple choice question. The various state legislatures were expected to enumerate state powers. The framers wanted the central government to be superior. The framers planned on dissolving the states eventually. State governments were expected to retain much of the authority they already enjoyed.

State governments were expected to retain much of the authority they already enjoyed.

Intergovernmental relations involves which stages of the policy process? Multiple choice question. Statement development stage Implementation stage executive, legislative, and judicial stages Statement development, financing, and implementation stages Financing stage

Statement development, financing, and implementation stages

Why do states continue to accept federal grant money? Multiple choice question. States depend on federal grant money to meet budget obligations. The Constitution requires them to accept the money and the conditions. Congress forces states to take the money. States do not want to fall behind other states.

States depend on federal grant money to meet budget obligations.

Which of these descriptions is consistent with a federal system? Multiple choice question. Each of two governing layers holds ultimate authority over different matters. The governing subunits serve as administrative arms of the central government. Subunits are free to leave the system at any time. The central government can dissolve subunits.

Each of two governing layers holds ultimate authority over different matters.

What was Maryland's primary legal argument in McCulloch v. Maryland? Multiple choice question. The national bank would hurt the Maryland state bank. The national government was regulating intrastate commerce, which falls under state powers. The central government cannot tax Maryland's citizens to help pay for a national bank. The enumerated powers under Article I do not provide Congress the power to create a national bank.

The enumerated powers under Article I do not provide Congress the power to create a national bank.

Characterize the U.S. federal system with respect to benefits and drawbacks. Multiple choice question. It is impossible to determine whether the experience with federalism has been positive or negative. The experience with federalism has had some benefits but also drawbacks. The experience with federalism has been entirely positive. The experience with federalism has been entirely negative.

The experience with federalism has had some benefits but also drawbacks.

The U.S. Constitution defines or recognizes powers associated with which of the following levels of government? Multiple choice question. The federal and state levels The federal level only Every level of government The state level only

The federal and state levels

Which of the following are allowed to implement innovative policies to solve public problems, as long as they comply with the U.S. Constitution and the applicable state constitution? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. The federal government State governments The Supreme Court Local governments State compacts

The federal government State governments Local governments

What was the ultimate result of the Supreme Court's decision in the case of South Dakota v. Dole? Multiple choice question. The federal government can attach a mandatory drinking age as a condition for states receiving dollars via voluntary grants-in-aid. The federal government still cannot create policy that alters the drinking age, as this violates the Constitution. The federal government can pass laws setting the drinking age that states must follow. Conditions attached to voluntarily accepted grants-in-aid are unconstitutional.

The federal government can attach a mandatory drinking age as a condition for states receiving dollars via voluntary grants-in-aid.

Which of these officials must request the extradition of a possible criminal to the state in which a crime occurred? Multiple choice question. The district attorney prosecuting the case The president of the United States The attorney general of the state in which the crime occurred The governor of the state in which the crime occurred

The governor of the state in which the crime occurred

Fiscal federalism is the relationship between the national government and state and local governments whereby Multiple choice question. the national government provides grant money to state and local governments. the national government reduces the tax liability of the state governments. local governments provide grant money to the national government. state governments provide grant money to the national government.

the national government provides grant money to state and local governments

True or false: Citizens living in a country with a federal system experience different rights, liberties, and civic opportunities based on where they live. True false question. True False

true

True or false: Situations sometimes arise in which the Constitution is not clear about where the locus of authority rests--with the state governments or with the national government. True false question. True False

true

Requirements imposed on state and local governments for which the federal government provides no funds are known as ___ mandates.

unfunded

For which of the following did Congress switch to a block grant approach during reform efforts in 1996? Multiple choice question. Education Flood relief Welfare Highways

welfare

Concurrent powers are powers that (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. the national and state governments exercise independently. can only be exercised by one level of government at a time. are given to the states by the national government the national and state government exercise at the same time.

the national and state governments exercise independently. the national and state government exercise at the same time.

Which system allows a national government to maintain authority within its borders while cooperating with the independent sovereign governments that form it? Multiple choice question. Authoritarian system Unitary system Confederal system Federal system

Confederal system

Why does the Constitution give implied powers to Congress? Multiple choice question. Congress cannot fulfill the enumerated powers without implied powers. Implied powers confirm the central government's authority over the states. The framers were all members of Congress. The framers expected Congress to be the most powerful branch.

Congress cannot fulfill the enumerated powers without implied powers.

The U.S. Constitution and every state constitution includes which of the following? Multiple choice question. A bill of rights A preamble A declaration of independence A declaration of war clause

A bill of rights

Which of the following describes nullification? Multiple choice question. The constitutionally based principle that allows a national law to supersede state laws A legal theory that state governments have the authority to invalidate national actions they deem unconstitutional An exemption from a particular condition that is normally attached to a grant A legislative clause that directs state and local governments to comply with national legislation and standards

A legal theory that state governments have the authority to invalidate national actions they deem unconstitutional

Which of the following state policy issues could best be solved by an interstate compact? Multiple choice question. A river borders two states that both wish to harness its energy potential. A state has a very large budget deficit. A state cannot afford to administer its growing Medicaid expenses. A state is grappling with prison overcrowding.

A river borders two states that both wish to harness its energy potential.

The Fourteenth Amendment extends which of the following liberties to citizens of the various states? Multiple select question. Equal protection of the laws Privileges and immunities The right to remain silent The right to bear arms Due process The right to quarter soldiers during times of peace

Equal protection of the laws Privileges and immunities Due process

The formula for categorical formula grants includes which of the following variables? Multiple choice question. Political considerations Factors related to political considerations involving the grant Factors related to the purpose of the grant Statements from state or local government justifying the grant

Factors related to the purpose of the grant

True or false: Categorical project grants provide more money to governments than categorical formula grants. True false question. True False

False

Which of the following is typically pointed out as a disadvantage of the U.S. federal system today? Multiple choice question. It allows for state and local governments to remain dominant in the public sphere. It allows problems to fall through the cracks when no level will deal with them. It creates multiple points of access. It promotes flexibility across states in terms of solutions.

It allows problems to fall through the cracks when no level will deal with them.

How did the original Constitution handle the issue of state sovereignty? Multiple choice question. It did not speak of it directly. It specifically enumerated state powers. It stated that states retained their powers over the day-to-day matters internal to their borders. It reserved all powers not specified to the states to the federal government.

It did not speak of it directly.

Which of the following U.S. Supreme Court cases upheld the distribution of federal grants to states as constitutional? Multiple choice question. Marbury v. Madison Massachusetts. v. Mellon McCulloch v. Maryland Hammer v. Dagenhart

Massachusetts. v. Mellon

Which Supreme Court decision established that the necessary and proper clause allows Congress to broadly interpret the enumerated powers of the national government? Multiple choice question. U.S. v. Lopez Gibbens v. Ogden Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland

McCulloch v. Maryland

Which of the following is the result of state and local government dependence on national financial assistance? Multiple choice question. Greater sovereignty of both state and national governments An increase in state taxes More national control of state and local government activity A decrease in state taxes

More national control of state and local government activity

Which of the following are typically considered advantages of the U.S. federal system? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Multilevel government involvement Flexibility Reduction in accountability Accommodation of state-to-state differences Numerous access points

Multilevel government involvement Flexibility Accommodation of state-to-state differences Numerous access points

Which of the following is characteristic of cooperative-era intergovernmental transfers? Multiple choice question. National grants-in-aid had broad goals that the states were required to achieve. National grants-in-aid carried few specific terms and conditions. National grants-in-aid carried strict deadlines that the states were required to meet. National grants-in-aid were subject to strict policy requirements and frequent program reviews.

National grants-in-aid carried few specific terms and conditions.

What are the three elements of all public policies? Multiple select question. Policy replacement Policy financing Policy review Policy implementation Policy statement

Policy financing Policy implementation Policy statement

How does preemption affect state authority? Multiple choice question. Preemption reduces state and local authority in the specific policy area. Preemption has little or no effect on state and local authority. Preemption replaces state and local authority in the specific policy area with national authority. Preemption increases state and local authority in the specific policy area.

Preemption replaces state and local authority in the specific policy area with national authority.

Final say over the meaning of constitutional language rests with the Multiple choice question. Supreme Court. state legislatures. executive branch. Congress.

supreme court

Which of the following statements regarding regional governments in a unitary system are correct? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. The central government can unilaterally remove responsibilities and authority from regional governments. The central government can eliminate any regional unit. The regional governments can establish smaller governing units, such as cities and counties. The central government creates all regional units.

The central government can unilaterally remove responsibilities and authority from regional governments. The central government can eliminate any regional unit. The central government creates all regional units.

Which of the following clauses has the Supreme Court had to interpret repeatedly due to the Constitution's vague language? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. The supremacy clause The commerce clause The necessary and proper clause The reserved powers clause The general welfare clause

The commerce clause The necessary and proper clause The reserved powers clause The general welfare clause

Which phrase best describes the period during which dual federalism was practiced most in the United States? Multiple choice question. The layers of government collaborated in solving domestic issues. The national government used grants-in-aid to force the hands of the states. The national government enforced its enumerated powers, while the states enforced their reserve powers. The Supreme Court typically found for the national government if a conflict existed between the layers of government.

The national government enforced its enumerated powers, while the states enforced their reserve powers.

Why is the necessary and proper clause also referred to as the elastic clause? Multiple choice question. The clause allows the American government to bend without breaking the union. The states use the clause to stretch their reserved authority. The clause specifically defines what is necessary and proper. The national government uses the clause to stretch its enumerated authority.

The national government uses the clause to stretch its enumerated authority.

What were the central issues in South Dakota v. Dole? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. The national government's authority to provide grants-in-aid with specific conditions The constitutionality of a national legal drinking age The national government's authority to determine the legal blood alcohol content level for impaired drivers The national government's authority to penalize states that did not adopt a legal drinking age of at least 21

The national government's authority to provide grants-in-aid with specific conditions The national government's authority to penalize states that did not adopt a legal drinking age of at least 21

Congress receives implied powers through which clause of the Constitution? Multiple choice question. The supremacy clause The necessary and proper clause The implied powers clause The reserved powers clause

The necessary and proper clause

What did the Supreme Court decide in McCulloch v. Maryland? Multiple choice question. The necessary and proper clause implies the power to establish a national bank. Congress can establish a national bank even if the Constitution does not grant express or implied consent. Congress cannot establish a national bank because that falls outside its enumerated powers. The national bank does not violate the Constitution, but Maryland can tax it.

The necessary and proper clause implies the power to establish a national bank.

Why did the framers of the Constitution specifically enumerate very few powers for the states? Multiple choice question. The author, James Madison, wanted a strong national government with no rival. The framers feared secession if the states possessed any authority. The states were simply expected to be less powerful than the national government. The state governments were already functioning prior to constitutional ratification.

The state governments were already functioning prior to constitutional ratification.

Which statement best describes the relationship between the national government and the states within the framework of a cooperative federalism system? Multiple choice question. The two levels work together in addressing domestic matters reserved to the national government. The two levels work together to solve issues involving foreign policy. The two levels work together in addressing domestic matters reserved to the states. The two levels work together to solve issues affecting national security.

The two levels work together in addressing domestic matters reserved to the states.

Which of the following statements describes federal grants-in-aid? Multiple choice question. They are loans the states must repay with interest. They are loans given from one state to another to fund policy initiatives. They are basically loans that the states must repay but without interest. They are transfers of money that do not need to be paid back.

They are transfers of money that do not need to be paid back.

Which of the following is true about categorical formula grants? Multiple choice question. They are rarely awarded. They are not not funded by the federal government. They are broadly defined and give the states a lot of discretion. They come with strings attached.

They come with strings attached.

In which system does all the power reside in the central government? Multiple choice question. Federal Confederal Unitary Federal and confederal

Unitary

Which governing system allows the central government to alter or abolish subgovernments? Multiple choice question. Unitary only Confederal only Unitary, federal, or confederal Federal only

Unitary only

Under what circumstances will state governments enact their preferred policies, which may be at odds with those of the national government? Multiple choice question. When Congress and the presidency are controlled by members of the same party When the matter is not important enough to most states to merit national attention When a group of states decide to act independently of the national government When Congress is gridlocked and fails to act on a matter important to the states

When Congress is gridlocked and fails to act on a matter important to the states

States serve as "laboratories of democracy" by Multiple choice question. setting up social science experiments in state universities. attempting to address problems in innovative ways. collecting data on the implementation of national policies. refusing to adhere to federal regulations.

attempting to address problems in innovative ways.

In the Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland, the state of Maryland was attempting to _____ the national bank Congress had established. Multiple choice question. close down withdraw funds from tax a branch of take over a branch of

tax a branch of

The process in which the national government returns powers to state and local governments is called Multiple choice question. neodualism. devolution. new evolution. revolution.

devolution.

An approach to federal-state relationships in which the national government takes care of its enumerated powers while the state governments independently take care of their reserved powers is known as ______ federalism.

dual

The use of grants-in-aid by the national government to share revenues and promote national interests did not become common until Multiple choice question. the late 19th century. the Great Depression. reconstruction. the Gilded Age.

the Great Depression.

A collaborative effort of two or more levels of government working together to serve the public is known as Multiple choice question. federal grants-in-aid. federalism. intergovernmental relations. preemptions.

intergovernmental relations.

Compared to categorical grants, the use of block grants Multiple choice question. is more narrowly defined, with recipients having little discretion. is completely discretionary, since the national government attaches no strings. carries the same strings and limitations. is less narrowly defined, which means that the recipients enjoy greater discretion.

is less narrowly defined, which means that the recipients enjoy greater discretion.

The preference for state or national government action depending on policy substance and partisan makeup of government at different levels is referred to as ______ federalism. Multiple choice question. dual partisan centralized conflicted

partisan