Chapter 3 Mastering

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false? A. Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds. B. Hydrocarbons consist of atoms linked by single and double bonds. C. Hydrocarbons can form straight, branched or ringed structures. D. Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

A. Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds.

Which of the following is a carboxyl group? A. ―COOH B. ―OH C. ―NH2 D. ―C=O

A. ―COOH

Which of the following statements about the functional groups of organic compounds is false? Many biological molecules have two or more functional groups. All functional groups include a carbon atom. Functional groups help make organic compounds hydrophilic. Functional groups participate in chemical reactions.

All functional groups include a carbon atom.

Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false? A. Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds. B. Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds. C. Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms. D. Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive, branched, or unbranched "carbon skeletons."

C. Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.

Organic compounds_________. A. Organic compounds are synthesized only by animal cells. B. always contain nitrogen. C. always contain carbon. D. always contain oxygen.

C. always contain carbon

The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of CH2O. CHO2. CHO. CH3O.

CH2O.

_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. Cellulose Lactose Glucose Starch Glycogen

Cellulose

A hydroxyl group is ____________. A. characteristic of proteins. B. also called a carbonyl group. C. basic. D. characteristic of alcohols.

D. characteristic of alcohols.

What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic? Fats have polar fatty acids. Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains. Fats have carboxyl groups. Fats include one glycerol molecule.

Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.

Why are hydrocarbon chains hydrophobic?

The non-polar C-H bonds in the hydrocarbon chains account for their hydrophobic properties.

Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false? Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol. Triglycerides play a role in energy storage. Triglycerides are hydrophilic. Triglycerides are a type of fat.

Triglycerides are hydrophilic.

Glycogen is _____. a polysaccharide found in animals the form in which plants store sugars a source of saturated fat a transport protein that carries oxygen a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls

a polysaccharide found in animals

The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are _____. amino acids nucleosides nucleotide bases codons

amino acids

Which of the following foods would contain the most starch? steak liver carrots celery

carrots

Which of these is a polysaccharide? sucrose lactose glucose galactose cellulose

cellulose

Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides? cellulose, starch, and glycogen sucrose, starch, and cellulose fructose, cellulose, and glucose starch, amino acids, and glycogen

cellulose, starch, and glycogen

The reaction that joins two monomers to form a polymer is known as a _____ reaction. The molecule of water formed is due to the interaction between _____ and a hydrogen ion. hydrolysis ... a carboxyl group dehydration ... a hydroxyl group hydrolysis ... a hydroxyl group dehydration ... a carboxyl group The reaction removes a molecule of water, so it dehydrates the molecule. The interaction occurs between the hydroxyl group of one molecule and a hydrogen ion of a second molecule.

dehydration ... a hydroxyl group The reaction removes a molecule of water, so it dehydrates the molecule. The interaction occurs between the hydroxyl group of one molecule and a hydrogen ion of a second molecule.

Which one of the following would be correctly classified as a protein? cellulose enzymes cholesterol starch

enzymes

Large proteins, like DNA polymerase and hemoglobin, are often composed of several polypeptides that are linked together. The _____ level of protein structure describes how the polypeptides are joined to create a larger complex. first second third fourth

fourth

Of the following sugar molecules, which is not a disaccharide? sucrose lactose fructose maltose

fructose

The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants. glycogen . . . cellulose glycogen . . . starch starch . . . glycogen cellulose . . . glycogen

glycogen . . . starch

Fatty acids are composed of four linked rings. composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. hydrophobic. composed of carbon, hydrogen, glycerol, and a phosphate group.

hydrophobic.

A disaccharide forms when two starches join by dehydration synthesis. two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis. two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis. two starches join by hydrolysis.

two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis.

Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be saturated. completely hydrogenated. unsaturated. monoglycerides.

unsaturated.

Which of the following is an amino group? ―COOH ―OH ―CO ―NH2

―NH2

glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____. maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis cellulose + water ... hydrolysis lactose + water ... hydrolysis starch + water ... dehydration synthesis sucrose + water ... dehydration synthesis Maltose is the disaccharide formed when two glucose molecules are linked by dehydration synthesis.

maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis Maltose is the disaccharide formed when two glucose molecules are linked by dehydration synthesis.

Which of these is a source of lactose? milk sugar beets sugar cane starch potatoes

milk

Cellulose differs from starch in that most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested. cellulose is highly branched, whereas starch is unbranched. starch is made of glucose monomers, whereas cellulose is made of fructose monomers. glycogen is formed by plants and cellulose by animals.

most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested.

A phospholipid is composed of one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups. one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules. one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups. one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.

one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.

A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a(n) polysaccharide. protein. oil. steroid.

polysaccharide.

A molecule with the formula C6H12O6 is _____. possibly glucose or fructose possibly glucose, fructose, or lactose fructose glucose

possibly glucose or fructose Fructose and glucose differ in the arrangement of their carbonyl groups and are isomers, which means that they have the same molecular formula (C6H12O6). The alteration in arrangement leads to their varied properties.

A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the ________ level of protein structure. secondary primary quaternary tertiary

quaternary

Your body contains thousands of different types of proteins, each with a specific function. A protein's function is largely determined by its _____. shape electrical charge elemental composition size

shape

Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured? the function of the protein the number of amino acids in the protein the shape of the protein the binding properties of the protein

the number of amino acids in the protein

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to the presence of pleated sheets. the amino acids of which it is made. its size. the overall three-dimensional structure.

the overall three-dimensional structure.

Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms. they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down. they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose. they convert cellulose into starch, which is easily broken down in the intestinal tract.

their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms.

A protein's alpha helices and beta sheets fold together to create an overall shape at the _____ level of protein structure. first second third fourth

third

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell? to speed up chemical reactions to stop chemical reactions to induce chemical reactions to promote the synthesis of monomers

to speed up chemical reactions

Many names for sugars end in the suffix -acid. -hyde. -ase. -ose.

-ose.

What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid? The protein will unravel and become entirely nonfunctional. It depends on the role of the amino acid that is altered. One amino acid might be replaced with no measurable effect on the protein's function; replacing another might cause a total loss of function. The protein will remain unchanged; several amino acids would have to be altered to have any effect on protein function. The protein's fourth-level structure will be damaged.

It depends on the role of the amino acid that is altered. One amino acid might be replaced with no measurable effect on the protein's function; replacing another might cause a total loss of function.

Which of the following statements about animal cell lipids is false? Many lipids function as enzymes. Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes. Fats are a form of lipid that function to store energy. Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is a component of cell membranes and steroid hormones.

Many lipids function as enzymes.

Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false? Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare. Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers. Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis. The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal.

Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.

Which of the following foods contain(s) fats that would have at least one double bond in their carbon skeleton? peanuts lard margarine eggs

Peanut Peanut oil, a plant product, is an unsaturated fat, which means it contains at least one double bond.