Chapter 3 Practice Quiz
A food that contains 34 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of fat, 5 grams of protein, and 1 gram of alcohol will provide ________ kilocalories.
343
What is bile?
Bile is a substance which breaks large fat droplets up into smaller fat droplets.
The consumption of high-________ foods will increase fecal bulk.
Fiber
Why do many people like high-fat foods?
High-fat foods are calorie rich.
The contents of the stomach pass into the duodenum via the ________.
Pyloric valve
What is the Heimlich maneuver?
a treatment for choking
bile
an emulsifier
Assume that you have recently eaten a meal and your body is in the process of absorbing the nutrients in that meal. In which of these would the products of that meal first appear?
blood and lymph
artery
carries blood away from the heart
vein
carries blood to the heart
Which of these is the basic unit of life?
cell
plasma
cell-free component of blood
The mass that is passed from the stomach to the small intestine is called ________.
chyme
The point at which the liver is damaged beyond its ability to repair itself is called ________.
cirrhosis
Difficulty with bowel movements is called ________.
constipation
Frequent, loose, watery stools characterize ________.
diarrhea
chyme
end-product of the processing of stomach contents
Primarily, how is fat stored?
fat is stored in adipose tissue
What name is given to undigested remnants of a meal?
feces
All else being equal, why does it take less alcohol to get a female drunk than it takes to get a male drunk?
females produce less alcohol dehydrogenase than males
nephron
functional unit of kidneys
In humans, ________ is the storage form of carbohydrate.
glycogen
insulin
hormone that, when released, triggers a decrease in blood sugar level
glucagon
hormone that, when released, triggers an increase in blood sugar level
What acid is found in gastric juice?
hydrochloric acid
Which region of the brain controls the conscious desire to eat?
hypothalamus
glycogen
in animals, storage form of carbohydrates
Which of these will act to decrease blood sugar?
insulin
What organ has been damaged if you have suffered damage to your nephrons?
kidneys
colon
large intestine
Which of these organs is responsible for oxygenating blood?
lungs
What is the specific name given to the fluid that flows within lymphatic vessels?
lymph
All substances within the tube of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are ________.
not in the body
The contents of the GI tract move along by the process of ________.
peristalsis
What name is given to the process that moves the contents of the digestive system from the esophagus to the toilet?
peristalsis
antibody
produced in response to the presence of an antigen
cell
smallest functional unit of life
Secretions of the salivary glands initiate the digestion of ________.
sugar and starches
Heartburn is caused by ________.
the backup of stomach contents into the esophagus
Water-soluble nutrients and the smaller products of fat digestion move directly from villi into ________.
the blood
The colon is NOT involved in ________.
the breakdown of nutrients
Which of these has the least impact on the digestion of carbohydrate?
the stomach
What is the function of the bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas?
to neutralize the acidity of chyme, thereby protecting the small intestine from the action of stomach acid
capillaries
transfer substances between blood and body tissue
gene
unit of heredity
Which of these events is least likely to elicit secretion of epinephrine?
watching TV
lymphocyte
white blood cell
Why does food lose its taste when you have a head cold?
your nose is stuffed
For females the definition of moderate drinking is ________ drink(s) per day.
1