Chapter 3

What is the social hierarchy?

It was monarch, lords and ladies, knights, merchant, peasants, and then serfs.

Explain two advances in education during the middle ages

advances were the start of universities, lower case letters, reading, writing

What types of things did Christian holidays celebrate?

Christians celebrated Christmas and Easter.

What was the goal of the crusades?

Christians organized the crusades to recover Jerusalem.

Which Roman Emperor issued a decree allowing Christians to practice their religion freely?

Constantine

What promises or sacrifices did Franciscan Friars make to join the order?

They had to live in complete poverty and had to beg to work or beg for food for themselves and the poor.

Where did Franciscan Friars live?

They traveled among ordinary people to preach and care for the poor and sick.

Who was Thomas Aquinas? How did he bring together ancient philosophy and Christian theology?

Thomas Aquinas was an Italian scholar. He wrote logical arguments along with giving many teachings.

What is a nave and transept?

Nave: a long central section of a cathedral Transept: the shorter side sections

How did the Benedictine Monks spend their time?

Prayer, study, work. They attended church services, cared for the poor and sick, taught and farmed

Describe two roles the Roman Catholic Church played in society after the fall of Rome

Provided leadership, hospitality for travelers, made ties or taxes, distributed goods to the poor.

What were some of the challenges pilgrims faced on their journey?

Robbers, difficult terrain

How had Christians been treated by Romans before that time?

Romans persecuted Christians for their beliefs.

What is a stained-glass window?

A window made form colorful glass reprinting a story

What promises or sacrifices did Benedictine Monks make to join the order?

Benedicts rule, poverty, chastity, and obedience

The word holiday come from _________.

Holy day

What is a Gargoyle?

Decorative stone sculptures projecting from the rain gutters or edges from a cathedral

Where did Benedictine Monks live?

In monastories

How did the Franciscan Friars spend their time?

They cared for the poor and sick, traveled, and prayed

What were some of the ways in which people celebrated religious holidays?

They celebrated with music, dancing, food, and the other things like bonfires.

In what ways did the art of medieval Europe reflect the influence of the Roman Catholic Church?

People built cathedrals

Why did people understand ask pilgrimages durin gate Middle Ages? What were some of the popular destinations of pilgrims?

People undertook pilgrimage because they got to see holy sites. Some were Jerusalem, and Canterbury cathedral in England.

What is a flying buttress?

An outside stone arch that helped balance the weight