Chapter 3 study guide for U.S. History

According to the information in the graph, in which year was legislation most likely passed to limit Chinese immigration to the United States?

1882

In the year 1890, approximately what percentage of the total U.S. population lived in the West?

25 percent

There is not among these three hundred bands of Indians one which has not suffered cruelly at the hands either of the Government or of white settlers. The poorer, the more insignificant, the more helpless the band, the more certain the cruelty and outrage to which they have been subjected. . . It makes little difference where one opens the record of the history of the Indians; every page and every year has its dark stain. . . .—Helen Hunt Jackson, 1881 Which opinion would Helen Hunt Jackson most likely agree with?

It would be beneficial to both whites and Native Americans if the two groups could co-exist and live together.

What did the gridlock between parties in Congress and the White House in the late 1800s lead to?

Little meaningful legislation was passed.

What basic conflict was the Sand Creek Massacre a part of?

U.S. settlers and soldiers against Native Americans

According to this graph, which crop lost the greatest amount of value per bushel between 1866 and 1896?

Wheat

President Grant is remembered as a corrupt president because he

allowed members of his administration to engage in corruption.

"If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the uttermost, having behind us the producing masses of the nation and the world. Having behind us the commercial interests and the laboring interests and all the toiling masses, we shall answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them, you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." —William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold" speech Whom does Bryan refer to when he speaks of "the producing masses"?

laborers, farmers, and others who are directly involved in producing goods and services

As a whole, the presidents of the Gilded Age could best be described as

weak

The U.S. government outlawed practices such as this traditional Native American ceremony in order to

weaken tribal cultures and encourage assimilation.

"I love to roam over the prairies.. . . . [B]ut when I go down to the river I see camps of soldiers on its banks. These soldiers cut down my timber; they kill my buffalo. . . . We have to protect ourselves. We have to save our country. We have to fight for what is ours."—Chief Satanta In this quote, Chief Satanta is explaining

why the Native Americans resisted the white men.

"The white tenant lives adjoining the colored tenant. . . . They are equally burdened with heavy taxes. They pay the same high rent. . . . They pay the same enormous prices for farm supplies. . . . Now the People's Party says to these two men, 'You are kept apart that you may be separately fleeced of your earnings. . . You are deceived and blinded that you may not see how this race antagonism perpetuates a monetary system which beggars both.'"—Thomas Watson, "The Negro Question in the South," 1892 Which argument is Thomas Watson making in this quote?

Conflict between the races has made it more difficult to achieve economic justice for the poor.

What does this political cartoon suggest about William Jennings Bryan?

He is a Populist who is trying to overwhelm and absorb the Democratic Party.

Based on the dates given in this timeline and information in the topic, which event was most likely influenced directly by the Homestead Act?

The Dawes Act

"There are three great crops raised in Nebraska. One is the crop of corn, one a crop of freight rates, and one a crop of interest. One is produced by farmers who sweat and toil to farm the land. The other two are produced by men who sit in their offices and behind their bank counters and farm the farmers."—Farmers' Alliance, 1890 What opinion does this quote imply?

Farmers are unfairly exploited by businessmen.

What conflict arose between farmers and ranchers settling western lands?

Farmers demanded water rights from ranchers.

What is the theme of this illustration?

Farmers have an important job in American society.

How was William Jennings Bryan different from the majority of other presidential candidates of the era?

He toured the nation, doing his own campaigning.

"I was not hostile to the white man... We preferred our own way of living. We were no expense to the government then. All we wanted was peace and to be left alone. Soldiers were sent out in the winter, who destroyed our villages. Then 'Long Hair' [Custer] came in the same way. They say we massacred him, but he would have done the same to us had we not defended ourselves and fought to the last. Our first impulse was to escape with our squaws and papooses, but we were so hemmed in that we had to fight. ... I came here with the agent [Lee] to talk with the big white chief, but was not given a chance. They tried to confine me, I tried to escape, and a soldier ran his bayonet into me. I have spoken." —Crazy Horse Based on this text, what would Crazy Horse have thought of Manifest Destiny?

He would have opposed the goals of those who believed in Manifest Destiny.

How did the federal government affect the practice of mining in the West?

It provided land and patents for new inventions for large mining companies.

Why was sod a common building material for homesteaders in the Great Plains?

It was readily available in the Great Plains.

Which of the following can be determined from the information in the two charts?

McKinley carred states with large numbers of electoral votes.

"If you strike off into the broad, free West, and make yourself a farm from Uncle Sam's generous domain, you will crowd nobody, starve nobody, and neither you nor your children need evermore beg. . . ."—Horace Greeley, New York Tribune, February 5, 1867 What group is Horace Greeley forgetting in the quote above?

Native Americans.

Which type of people were most likely to support the Populist Party in the 1890s?

Small farmers

The house in this image, typical of those built by homesteaders adapting to their physical environment on the Great Plains, was made from

Sod

According to the information in this map, where was cattle ranching most important as an industry?

Texas

Read each question and choose the best answer. "I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Toohulhulsote is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led the young men is dead. "It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are—perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. "Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."—Chief Joseph Which overall theme can best be inferred from this speech?

The Nez Percé were hopelessly outnumbered and worn down.

How did the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act affect Chinese immigrants?

The act banned any new Chinese laborers from entering the United States.

Which of the following can be determined from the information in the map?

The northern states have more electoral votes than the southern and western states.

What was the primary effect of Native Americans being confined to reservations?

Their nomadic way of life was increasingly restricted.

Based on this image, which of the following is most likely true of the Native Americans shown?

They were a roaming tribe who moved their camp often.

"There is not among these three hundred bands of Indians one which has not suffered cruelly at the hands either of the Government or of white settlers. The poorer, the more insignificant, the more helpless the band, the more certain the cruelty and outrage to which they have been subjected. . . It makes little difference where one opens the record of the history of the Indians; every page and every year has its dark stain. . . ."—Helen Hunt Jackson, 1881 In this quote, Helen Hunt Jackson is giving her support to

allowing the Native Americans to continue their way of life.

Read each question and choose the best answer. "When we cease to teach the Indian that he is less than a man; when we recognize fully that he is capable in all respects as we are, and that he only needs the opportunities and privileges which we possess to enable him to assert his humanity and manhood; when we act consistently towards him in accordance with that recognition; when we cease to fetter him to conditions which keep him in bondage, surrounded by retrogressive influences; when we allow him the freedom of association and the developing influences of social contact—then the Indian will quickly demonstrate that he can be truly civilized, and he himself will solve the question of what to do with the Indian."—Captain Richard H. Pratt, 1892 In this statement, Captain Pratt is most likely advocating which of the following for the Native Americans?

assimilation into mainstream culture

"If you strike off into the broad, free West, and make yourself a farm from Uncle Sam's generous domain, you will crowd nobody, starve nobody, and neither you nor your children need evermore beg. . . ."—Horace Greeley, New York Tribune, February 5, 1867 In this quote, Horace Greeley is

ignoring the existence of Native Americans on the Great Plains.

"...I had a big washing and ironing to do, house to straighten out, bread to bake etc. and when Sat night came about 5 P.M. I had to lay down was just about give out. And my feet hurt me so I could scarcely stand. The balls of them even swelled. Mon and Tues this week we have worked in the garden, as the weeds have grown pretty bad. Then we washed this morning. I have been so tired since we got back. Seems like I can't get rested, but has been too much push work I guess." —Estella Stilgebouer, letter to Ella Roesch Based on this letter from settler Estella Stilgebouer, which phrase best describes life for settlers on the Plains?

difficult for most

Read each question and choose the best answer. "The man who is employed for wages is as much a businessman as his employer... The farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, begins in the spring and toils all summer, and by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of this country creates wealth, is as much a businessman as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain."—William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold" speech In this excerpt from his speech, Bryan is implying that

every worker contributes to the growth of the economy.

The people who lived in this sod house were most likely

farmers who moved from the East

What step did the Populist Party support to reduce the cost of railroad shipping?

having the national government control the railroads

Read each question and choose the best answer. "Our country finds itself confronted by conditions for which there is not precedent in the history of the world; our annual agricultural productions amount to billions of dollars in value, which must, within a few weeks or months, be exchanged for billions of dollars' worth of commodities consumed in their production; the existing currency supply is wholly inadequate to make this exchange; the results are falling prices, the formation of combines and rings, the impoverishment of the producing class. We pledge ourselves that if given power we will labor to correct these evils by wise and reasonable legislation, in accordance with the terms of our platform. . . ."—Preamble, Populist Party Platform What solution did the Populists propose to solve the problem of crop prices not meeting their cost of production?

minting silver coinage to increase inflation

In this political cartoon, the large figures standing in the back of the room represent

monopolies

The subject of this political cartoon is William Jennings Bryan's

style of campaigning.

This political cartoon references

the illegal activities of Boss Tweed in New York City.

Based on the congressional elections of 1894, in which region of the country did Populism seem to have the most support?

the southeast

The photographer intended this image to emphasize

the strong connection between Native Americans and the land.

"The people are demoralized; most of the States have been compelled to isolate the voters at the polling places to prevent universal intimidation and bribery. The newspapers are largely subsidized or muzzled, public opinion silenced, business prostrated, homes covered with mortgages, labor impoverished, and the land concentrating in the hands of capitalists. The urban workmen are denied the right to organize for self-protection, imported pauperized labor beats down their wages, a hireling standing army, unrecognized by our laws, is established to shoot them down, and they are rapidly degenerating into European conditions. The fruits of the toil of millions are badly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for a few, unprecedented in the history of mankind; and the possessors of these, in turn, despise the Republic and endanger liberty."—Preamble, Populist Party Platform, 1892 When it was written, this excerpt from the Preamble was most likely written to appeal to

workers of all types.