CHAPTER 3

The elements known as halogens and alkali metals are found, respectively, in which groups in the periodic table?

IA and VIIA

What is true about metallic and nonmetallic elements?

the vast majority of elements are metals

An atom that has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23 contains how many neutrons?

12

How many electrons are present in an atom of 31/15 P?

15

The correct electron configuration for atoms of oxygen (element #8) is:

1s2 2s2 2p4

The atomic number for an atom containing 10 neutrons and 8 protons is...

8

What is the atomic mass of a hypothetical element that exists in two isotopic forms that have masses of 8.00 amu and 10.00 amu, respectively, and percent abundances of 80.00 % and 20.00 %?

8.4 amu

What is true about the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p3?

There are 3 electrons in the 2p subshell

isotopes

are atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons but have different numbers of neutrons.

nonmetals

are characterized by the absence of the properties associated with metals. The majority of elements are metals.

Which of the following elements is located in both Period 3 and Group IIIA? a. 6 C b. 13 Al c. 31 Ga d. no correct response

b. 13 Al

Which of the following elements is located in the d area of the periodic table? a. 20 Ca b. 26 Fe c. 33 As d. no correct response

b. 26 Fe

Which of the following elements is located in the p4 column of the periodic table? a. 15 P b. 34 Se c. 53 I d. no correct response

b. 34 Se

Which pair of elements would be expected to have similarities in chemical properties? a. 3 Li and 4 Be b. 9 F and 10 Ne c. 12 Mg and 20 Ca d. no correct response

c. 12 Mg and 20 Ca

Which pari of electron configurations represent elements in the same periodic table group? a. 1s2 2s1 and 1s2 2s2 b. 1s2 2s2 2p1 and 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 c. 1s2 2s2 and 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 d. no answer is correct

c. 1s2 2s2 and 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

Which of the following elements is a nonmetal? a. 19 K b. 31 Ga c. 34 Se d. no correct response

c. 34 Se

In which of the following pairs of electron subshells does the first listed subshell have a higher energy than the second listed subshell? a. 2s, 2p b. 2s, 3s c. 3d, 2p d. no correct response

c. 3d has a higher energy than 2p

Which of the following elements is a metal? a. 7 N b. 33 As c. 51 Sb d. no correct response

c. 51 Sb

Which of the following element-classification pairings is incorrect? a. 7 N- representative element b. 26 Fe- transition element c. 75 Re- inner transition element d. no correct response

c. 75 Re- inner transition element

Based on periodic table location, which pair of elements would be expected to have similar chemical properties? a. 3 Li and 4 Be b. 6 C and 7 N c. 8 O and 16 S d. no correct response

c. 8 O and 16 S

Which of the following is and incorrect pairing concepts? a. transition element- d area of periodic table b. representative element- some are metals and some are nonmetals c. noble-gas element- electron configuration ends in p5 or p6 d. no correct response

c. noble-gas element - electron configuration ends in p5 or p6

The atomic # of the element carbon (C) is 6. Write the complete chemical symbols for each of the following carbon isotopes: carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14.

carbon-12 = 12/6 C carbon-13 = 13/6 C carbon-14 = 14/6 C

electron configurations and the periodic law

chemical properties repeat themselves in a regular manner among the elements because electron configurations repeat themselves in a regular manner among the elements.

electron shell

contains electron that have approximately the same energy and spend most of their time approximately the same distance from the nucleus.

electron subshell

contains electrons that all have the same energy. The number of subshells (s,p,d,f) in a particular shell is equal to the shell number.

What is true about 27/14 Si?

contains more protons than neutrons

Which of the following is a noble gas element? a. 8 O b. 9 F c. 17 Cl d. no correct response

d. no correct response

Which of the following statements concerning a neutron is correct? a. its mass is slightly less than that of a proton b. it carries a positive charge of one unit c. it carries a positive charge of two units d. no response is correct

d. no response is correct

Which of the following statements concerning the three types of subatomic particles is correct? a. all three types carries electrical charge b. one of the 3 types carries electrical charge c. none of the 3 types carries electrical charge d. no response is correct

d. no response is correct

An electron configuration is a statement of how many electrons an atom has in each of its ________.

electron subshells

How many electrons are present in atoms of the element whose electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1?

eleven

Atoms as a whole are neutral because...

equal #'s of protons and neutrons are present

metals

exhibit luster, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and malleability.

How many different orbitals contain electrons in atoms with the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2?

four

A standard periodic table arranges the elements in order of...

increasing atomic #

atomic mass

is a calculated average mass. Depends on the percentage abundances and masses of the naturally occurring isotopes.

orbital diagram

is a notation that shows how many electrons an atom has in each of its orbitals. Electrons occupy the orbitals of a subshell such that each orbital within the subshell acquires one electron before any orbital acquires a second electron.

electron orbital

is a region of space about a nucleus where an electron with a specific energy is most likely to be found. Each subshell consists of one or more orbitals. For s, p, d, f subshells there are 1, 3, 5, 7.

electron configuration

is a statement of how many electrons an atom has in each of its subshells.

atomic number

is equal the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

mass number

is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

What is true about an atom's nucleus?

it is always positively charged

What is a general characteristic of most metals?

malleable

Which piece of information about an element is not found on a standard periodic table?

mass number

The identity of an atom is determined by the number of...

protons in the nucleus

Isotopes of an element always have the...

same atomic # and different mass #'s

The shape of a 1s orbital is....

spherical

periodic law

states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, elements with similar chemical properties occur at periodic intervals.

subatomic particles

subatomic particles, the very small building blocks fro which atoms are made. Three main types are: electrons, protons, and neutrons.

How many electrons can 3d subshells accommodate?

ten

electron configurations and the periodic table

the groups of the periodic table consist of elements with similar electron configurations. Thus the location of an element in the periodic table can be used to obtain information about its electron configuration.

Isotopes of a particular element always have the...

the same # of protons and different #'s of neutrons

How many electrons can a 3d orbital accommodate?

two

How many unpaired electrons are presents in the orbital diagram for an atom whose electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p4?

two

The maximum number of electrons that an electron orbital can accommodate is....

two

The maximum number of electrons that an electron shell can accommodate is...

varies, depending on shell number

The maximum number of electron shubshells within an electron shell is...

varies, depending on the shell number

Indicate which subatomic particle (proton, neutron, or electron) correctly matches each of the following phrases. More than one particle can be used as an answer. a. possesses a negative charge b. has no charge c. has a mass slightly less than that of a neutron d. has a charge equal to, but opposite in sign from, that of an electron

a- electron b- neutron c-proton d- proton

Indicate whether each of the following statements about the nucleus of an atom is true or false. a. The nucleus of an atom is neutral b. the nucleus of an atom contains only neutrons c. the number of nucleons present in the nucleus is equal to the number of electrons present outside the nucleus d. the nucleus accounts for almost all the mass of the atom

a- false b-false c-false d-true

What is the total charge (including sign) associated with the nucleus for each of these atoms? a. 5 protons, 5 electrons, and 6 neutrons b. 7 electrons, 8 neutrons, and 7 protons c. 13 protons, 14 neutrons, and 13 electrons d. 28 neutrons, 20 electrons, and 20 protons

a. +5 b. +7 c. +13 d. +20

What is the mass number for each of these atoms? a. 5 protons, 5 electrons, and 6 neutrons b. 7 electrons, 8 neutrons, and 7 protons c. 13 protons, 14 neutrons, and 13 electrons d. 28 neutrons, 20 electrons, and 20 protons

a. 11 b. 15 c. 27 d. 48

What is the total number of nucleons present for each of these atoms? a. 5 protons, 5 electrons, and 6 neutrons b. 7 electrons, 8 neutrons, and 7 protons c. 13 protons, 14 neutrons, and 13 electrons d. 28 neutrons, 20 electrons, and 20 protons

a. 11 b. 16 c. 27 d. 48

What is the atomic number for atoms composed of the following sets of subatomic particles? a. 5 protons, 5 electrons, and 6 neutrons b. 7 electrons, 8 neutrons, and 7 protons c. 13 protons, 14 neutrons, and 13 electrons d. 28 neutrons, 20 electrons, and 20 protons

a. 5 b. 7 c. 13 d. 20

Calculate the atomic mass of each of the following elements using the given data for the percentage abundance and mass of each isotope a. Lithium: 7.42% 6 Li (6.01 amu) and 92.58% 7 Li (7.02 amu) b. Magnesium: 78.99% 24 Mg (23.99 amu) and 10% 25 Mg ( 24.99 amu) and 11.01% 26 Mg (25.98 amu)

a. 6.94 amu b. 24.31 amu

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are present in atoms with the following characteristics? a. 118/50 Sn b. 195/78 Pt c. 72/31 Ga d. 26/12 Mg

a. P=50 N=68 E=50 b. P=78 N=117 E=78 c. P=31 N=41 E=31 d. P=12 N=14 E= 12

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are present in atoms with the following characteristics? a. atomic number= 7, mass number= 15 b. atomic number= 20, mass number= 40 c. Z= 11, A= 23 d. Z= 35, A= 79

a. P=7 N=8 E=7 b. P=20 N=20 E=20 c. P=11 N=12 E=11 d. P=35 N=44 E=35

Indicate whether each of the following statements about sodium is true or false. a. 23/11 Na has one more electron than 24/11 Na. b. 23/11 Na and 24/11 Na contain the same number of neutrons. c. 23/11 Na has one less subatomic particle than 24/11 Na. d. 23/11 Na and 24/11 Na have the same atomic number.

a. false b. false c. true d. true

The element copper (Cu) has an atomic mass of 63.55 amu and has two naturally occurring isotopic forms. Based on this information indicate whether each of the following statements are true or false? a. all Cu atoms have a mass of 63.55 amu b. some Cu atoms have a mass of 63.55 amu c. some Cu atoms have a mass less than 63.55 amu d. some Cu atoms have a mass greater than 63.55 amu

a. false b. false c. true d. true

Write the complete chemical symbol ( A/Z E) for the isotope of chromium with the following individual characteristics. a. 30 more neutrons than protons b. two fewer subatomic particles than 52/24 Cr c. the same number of neutrons as 55/25 Mn d. the same number of subatomic particles as 60/29 Cu

a. neutrons (54) = 54/24 Cr b. 74 total subatomic particles = 50/24Cr c. 30 neutrons = 54/24 Cr d. 89 subatomic particles =65/24 Cr

The following are selected properties of the most abundant isotope of a particular element. which of these properties would also be the same for the second-most-abundant of the element? a. mass number is 70 b. 31 electrons are present c. isotopic mass is 69.92 amu d. isotope reacts with chlorine to give a green compound

a. not the same b. same c. not the same d. same

An atom with an atomic number of 11 contains 36 subatomic particles. How many of these subatomic particles have each of the following characteristics? a. carry a charge b. carry no charge c. found in the nucleus d. not found in the nucleus

a. protons + electrons = 22 b. neutrons = 14 c. protons + neutrons = 25 d. electrons = 11

Determine the following information for an atom whose complete chemical symbol is 23/11 Na a. the total # of subatomic particles present b. the total # of subatomic particles present in the nucleus c. the total # of nucleons present d. the total charge (including sign) associated with the nucleus of the atom

a. protons + neutrons + electrons = 34 b. protons + neutrons = 23 c. protons + neutrons = 23 d. # of protons = +11

Indicate whether each of the following numbers are the same or different for two isotopes of an element. a. number of protons b. number of nucleons c. atomic number d. A+Z

a. same b. different c. same d. different

Characterize each of the following pairs of atoms as containing (1) the same # of neutrons, (2) the same # of protons, (3) the same # of nucleons, or (4) the same total # of subatomic particles. a. 13/7 C and 13/6 N b. 37/17 Cl and 36/18 Ar c. 35/17 Cl and 37/17 Cl d. 18/8 O and 19/9 F

a. the same # of nucleons b. the same # total of subatomic particles c. the same # of protons d. the same # of neutrons

How many electrons are required to equal the mass of one proton?

about 1800

The element chlorine, which has two isotopic forms, has an atomic mass of 35.5 amu. This means that....

no chlorine atoms have a mass of 35.3 amu

classification system for the elements

on the basis of electron configuration, elements can be classified into four categories: noble gases; representative elements; transition elements; and inner transition elements.

What is the total number of charge subatomic particles present for each of these atoms? a. 5 protons, 5 electrons, and 6 neutrons b. 7 electrons, 8 neutrons, and 7 protons c. 13 protons, 14 neutrons, and 13 electrons d. 28 neutrons, 20 electrons, and 20 protons

protons + electrons = # of charged subatomic particles a. 10 b. 14 c. 26 d. 40

How do you find the number of nucleons in an atom?

protons + neutrons= nucleons