Chapter 3: World Geography.

The most influential culture hearths began in Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan, Mexico, and (China/Canada).

China

Travel and trade promoted cultural change among different (ethnic groups/civilizations).

Civilizations

Smaller social groups within a culture include families, ethnic groups, and social (needs/classes).

Classes

c. _______________________ i. Economic decisions made at the upper levels of government ii. Government tries to distribute goods and services equally among all people. iii. Communism: strict government control iv. Socialism: wider range of free enterprise

Command Economy

The Information revolution was made possible by the development of (electronics/computers).

Computers

Struggles over religious differences are a source of (conflict/power) in many places.

Conflict

Religious beliefs influence daily life and (political/cultural) expressions.

Cultural

____________________ i. Leaders rule with the consent of the people. ii. Direct democracy: citizens themselves decide on issues. iii. Republic: citizens elect major officials

Democracy

The world's languages can be grouped into language (families/dialects) that have similar roots.

Dialect

World population more than ________ between 1800 and 1950. By 2006 there were more than 6 _______ people in the world.

Doubled; Billion

Governments may impose punishing taxes that ban trade with another country.

Embargo

One challenge of rapid population growth is producing enough _____. Countries also may experience _________ of water, housing, and clothing.

Food; Shortages

The major source of air pollution comes from burning forests.

Fossil Fuels

Populations grows when the human ________ exceeds the death rate. In countries where families traditionally are large, the birthrate is high. Population ______ is reduced when high birth rates combine with low death rates.

Growth Rate; Growth

The Earth's population distribution is uneven, partly because much of the land is _______. Population density refers to the _______ number of people living on a square mile or square kilometer of land. Bangladesh has many people living in a small area, so its population density is _________. In contrast, Canada has a low population density because of its large land area. Population density is a useful measure, but it does not describe population __________, or how many people live in cities as opposed to rural areas.

Inhospitable; Total; 2,584 people/mi2; distribution

Some developed countries are experiencing negative growth rates. This situation leads to economic problems, such as ________ shortages.

Labor

II. ___________________ a. Unitary system: key powers to central government. b. ___________________________________________________

Levels of Government; Federal system: divides the powers of the government between national and provincial governments

The invention of power-driven (machines/transport) enabled goods to be mass -produced in factories.

Machines

Scientists do not agree whether global warming may cause the ice caps to grow.

Melt

When people move from place to place, it is called _______. When many people move from the countryside to live in the city, _______ occurs. Today, about half of the human population lives in cities. People _________ from the country of their birth for many reasons, but most often it is to find work and to build better lives for themselves. People who are forced to flee to escape war or disaster are called _________.

Migration; Urbanization; Emigrate; Immigrants

I. Features of Government a. Deals with territory, population, and sovereignty b. _________________________________________________

Must make and enforce policies and laws.

The goal of conservation is to manage renewable resources carefully.

Nonrenewable

III. Types of Government a. Autocracy i. __________________________________________________ ii. Totalitarian Dictatorship iii. __________________________

Older and more common forms, maintain position by military power.; Monarchy Dictatorship.

1. People who are part of the same culture often share similar beliefs and (customs/opinions).

Opinions

People who are part of the same culture often share similar beliefs and (customs/opinions).

Opinions

People pass on cultural values and traditions through (religion/language).

Religon

Countries engage in economic activities that are best suited to their technology.

Resources

b. Oligarchy i. ______________________________ ii. Power can come from wealth, military might, or social position.

Small group withholds power

b. Market Economy i. ____________________ ii. Based on free enterprise

Supply and Demand

The most influential factor in the rise of cities and civilization was a (lack/surplus ) of food.

Surplus

a. ________________________ i. Habit and custom determines the rules. ii. Only limited parts of the world

Traditional Economy

All living things in an atmosphere depend on one another for survival.

True

Developed countries have widespread manufacturing and service industries that provide a high standard of living.

True

Free trade agreements, such as GATT and NAFTA, remove trade barriers, so goods can flow freely.

True

In developing countries most people work in commercial farming.

True

Renewable resources can be replaced and grown again.

True

Wastes from oil tankers, industry, and agriculture can combine to water pollution.

True