Chapter 31

Which statement about arachnids is NOT true? A. Ticks and mites are often parasitic. B. Spiders and scorpions are predators. C. Spiders have trachea for respiration. D. Spiders have a pair of fangs which release poison. E. The body parts include a cephalothorax and an abdomen.

Spiders have trachea for respiration.

Which statement about sponges is NOT correct? A. The larval form is flagellated and able to swim to a suitable location. B. Sponges are classified on the basis of their type of skeletal material. C. Sponges resemble a colony of flagellated cells more than a multicellular animal. D. Sponges are thought to be at the base of the evolutionary tree, leading to more complex animals such as corals and worms. E. Sponges can reproduce sexually or asexually.

Sponges are thought to be at the base of the evolutionary tree, leading to more complex animals such as corals and worms.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about cnidaria? A. The adult body is bilaterally symmetrical. B. Most are found in shallow coastal marine environments. C. There are two tissue layers: an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis. D. Stinging cells contain a threadlike nematocyst released to capture prey. E. A jellylike mesoglea contains cells that form a nerve net throughout the body.

The adult body is bilaterally symmetrical.

Which statement about cnidaria is NOT true? A. Reproduction is both sexual and asexual. B. Some forms are sessile and others are motile. C. They live in either marine or freshwater environments. D. To capture food, the animal wraps itself around its prey. E. The body plan is tube-within-a-tube, with both mouth and anus.

The body plan is tube-within-a-tube, with both mouth and anus.

Which of the following is NOT true about protostomes? A. They are types of advanced invertebrates. B. They form a true coelom. C. The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus. D. They will become mollusks, annelids, and arthropods. E. They are more advanced than acoelomates, but not as advanced as deuterostomes.

The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus.

Why are real bath sponges so soft? A. The silica is washed away and the calcium carbonate remains. B. The spongin spicules are washed away and the silky silica remains. C. The choanocytes are softer and the amoebocytes are washed away. D. The harder silica or calcium spicules are absent and the softer spongin remains. E. The silica and spicules are washed away and the spongin treated with softening chemicals.

The harder silica or calcium spicules are absent and the softer spongin remains.

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of sponges? A. sessile filter feeders B. body wall has two cell layers C. Flagellated collar cells move water. D. Water enters through a single cavity, the osculum. E. Amoeboid cells transport food and make skeletal fibers and gametes.

Water enters through a single cavity, the osculum.

A floating Portuguese man-of-war is A. a cubozoan. B. merely an inflated, noncircular jellyfish. C. a free-swimming polyp in the hydra group. D. the first animal with complete organ systems. E. a colony of polyps composed of different types of individuals.

a colony of polyps composed of different types of individuals.

Which body structure describes the freshwater hydra? A. a swimming medusa with mouth pointing downward B. a swimming medusa with mouth pointing upward C. a sessile medusa with mouth pointing upward D. a sessile polyp form with mouth pointing downward E. a freely moving polyp with mouth pointing upward

a freely moving polyp with mouth pointing upward

An insect circulatory system is best described as A. totally closed like ours, with arteries and veins. B. similar to ours, with general closed vessels but no distinct arteries and veins. C. an open system that mostly washes hemolymph "blood" through the hemocoel. D. totally absent; each body cell manages on its own to gain food and gets rid of wastes. E. containing five pairs of "hearts."

an open system that mostly washes hemolymph "blood" through the hemocoel.

Earthworms are A. annelids. B. molluscs. C. echinoderms. D. platyhelminthes. E. arthropods.

annelids

An arachnid differs from a crustacean because A. arachnids have book gills. B. arachnids are mostly aquatic and crustaceans are mostly terrestrial. C. only arachnids shed their exoskeletons. D. arachnids have two major body segments, the cephalothorax and abdomen, while crustaceans have three body segments. E. arachnids have four pairs of walking legs.

arachnids have four pairs of walking legs.

Which type of organism is characterized by having jointed appendages, ability to molt, and three sets of fused segments? A. molluscs B. echinoderms C. arthropods D. annelids E. chordates

arthropods

Animals that have no particular symmetry exhibit A. asymmetry. B. radial symmetry. C. bilateral symmetry. D. trilateral symmetry. E. spherical symmetry.

asymmetry

Which of the following organisms exhibit complete metamorphosis? A. crayfish B. starfish C. grasshoppers D. butterfly E. lobsters

butterfly

Which of these is a bivalve? A. slug B. octopus C. earthworm D. snail E. oyster

oyster

Which of the following are NOT cnidaria? A. corals B. planaria C. sea anemones D. hydrozoa E. Portuguese man-of-war

planaria

The complex eye that can distinguish shapes is found A. only in advanced vertebrates. B. in molluscs and indicates that vertebrate eyes originated with ancestors common with this group. C. in molluscs but the eye structure evolved differently. D. in arthropods and indicates that vertebrate eyes originated with ancestors common with this group. E. in echinoderms and indicates that vertebrate eyes originated with ancestors common with this group.

in molluscs but the eye structure evolved differently.

The largest animal group, both in number of species and number of individuals, is the A. annelids. B. crustacea. C. insects. D. reptiles. E. fishes.

insects

Which statement is NOT true about invertebrate animals? A. The vast majority of animal species are invertebrates. B. Many invertebrate species live in a marine environment. C. Most animal phyla are invertebrates. D. All major invertebrate groups arose from protistan ancestors. E. Invertebrates lack a nervous system.

Invertebrates lack a nervous system.

Which of the following is correct in matching the common name with a phylum name? A. planarian—Nematoda B. fluke—Platyhelminthes C. coral—Porifera D. roundworm—Cnidaria E. sponge—Arthropoda

fluke—Platyhelminthes

The major insect body parts are A. head, cephalothorax, and abdomen. B. cephalothorax, midsection, and abdomen. C. head, thorax, and abdomen. D. head, pyothorax, and metathorax. E. head, cephalothorax, and genitalia.

head, thorax, and abdomen.

Earthworms differ from most of the marine annelids in that earthworms A. lack setae that marine annelids have. B. lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have. C. have segments, while marine annelids do not. D. develop from a larval form, while marine annelids do not. E. have well-developed brains and sensory organs in the head region, while marine annelids do not.

lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have.

If a sponge is pressed through a coarse cloth bag and whole cells are extruded through the holes. The cells will then A. reproduce sexually. B. die from being separated. C. form spicules in the pattern of the cloth. D. all go back to primitive cells and soon differentiate into another sponge. E. reassemble into a new organized sponge with each cell resuming its original job.

reassemble into a new organized sponge with each cell resuming its original job.

Planaria move by A. flame cells. B. small pseudopodia. C. lateral undulation of muscles. D. expulsion of fluids as with squid. E. secreting a film of mucus and pushing against it with epidermal cilia.

secreting a film of mucus and pushing against it with epidermal cilia.

Sponges are filter feeders and are usually A. active predators. B. sessile or relatively inactive. C. always herbivorous. D. squids. E. snails.

sessile or relatively inactive.

The two layers of tissue in a hydra are A. the epidermis, which covers and protects, and the inner layer that contains flame cells. B. the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis, where cells that complete digestion are found. C. the epidermis that contains flame cells and the gastrodermis that contains the nephridia. D. the epidermis that covers and protects and the gastrodermis that contains the nephridia. E. the epidermis that covers and protects and the gastrodermis that contains a ladder-like nervous system.

the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis, where cells that complete digestion are found.

Which of these parasitic worms is NOT a nematode? A. Ascaris B. Trichinella C. the worm that causes elephantiasis D. hookworm E. the worm that causes schistosomiasis

the worm that causes schistosomiasis

Which of the following statements about sponges is NOT correct? A. Sponges have no nerve fibers. B. Sponges have no fully developed muscle fibers. C. Amoeboid cells capture food particles from the water. D. Sponges may reproduce asexually by budding or by regeneration from a small piece. E. Cells of a single sponge will recognize others of the same kind and reaggregate if the cells are separated and allowed to reassociate.

Amoeboid cells capture food particles from the water.

Which of the following is generally NOT a characteristic of all animals? A. They ingest food that is digested in a central cavity. B. Usually undergo sexual reproduction. C. They produce an embryo that undergoes development in stages. D. Animals range from unspecialized single-celled to specialized multicellular forms. E. The adult form is diploid.

Animals range from unspecialized single-celled to specialized multicellular forms.

If you live on a river delta or coastline, you may not be able to eat the local shellfish because of high levels of toxins present in the water. Why? A. Clams seasonally produce toxic substances. B. Shellfish regularly consume poisonous red tide organisms. C. Most harmless native clams have been replaced by bad species. D. Clams filter-feed and concentrate the dilute pollutants from the water, thus acting as early warning indicators of severe pollution. E. The toxins contained in the shellfish can't be broken down by your stomach.

Clams filter-feed and concentrate the dilute pollutants from the water, thus acting as early warning indicators of severe pollution.

Which of the following is characteristic of flukes? A. Flukes are ectoparasites of invertebrates. B. Most flukes have separate sexes. C. Flukes are covered by a ciliated integument. D. Flukes possess an oral sucker that is surrounded by a nonsensory papilla. E. Flukes have a well-developed alimentary canal.

Flukes have a well-developed alimentary canal.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the flatworms? A. Tapeworms have a ladder-type nervous system similar to other flatworms. B. Planaria contain pigmented, photosensitive eyespots. C. Liver flukes and blood flukes are parasites in humans only.

Liver flukes and blood flukes are parasites in humans only.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the flatworms? A. There are three complete tissue layers. B. Flatworms may be either free living or parasitic. C. Flatworms have a sac body plan, with only a mouth and no anus. D. Parasitic flatworms have a well-developed head with eyespots and nerves concentrated into a brain. E. Most planaria are found in marine environments, but some dwell in freshwater and moist terrestrial environments.

Parasitic flatworms have a well-developed head with eyespots and nerves concentrated into a brain.

Which of these statements is NOT correct about the flatworms? A. Tapeworms do not have a larval stage. B. Planaria ingest food through a mouth located in the head region. C. Flukes have two suckers by which they attach to and feed from host tissues. D. Tapeworms have a scolex with hooks and suckers by which they attach to the host's intestinal tissues. E. Tapeworms enter the human body through undercooked meat, especially pork, which contains encysted larval forms.

Planaria ingest food through a mouth located in the head region.

Which statement is NOT correct about the roundworms? A. There are three layers of tissues in the body. B. Roundworms have a tube-within-a-tube body plan. C. There is an internal body cavity called a pseudocoelom. D. Roundworms have a smooth, unsegmented outside body wall. E. Roundworms are essentially no more than parasitic flatworms that have lost their need to be flat.

Roundworms are essentially no more than parasitic flatworms that have lost their need to be flat.

Which of the following statements about hydra morphology is correct? A. The hydra has a long single tentacle containing numerous nematocysts. B. The hydra has a single polyp that is filled with gas and keeps the organism afloat. C. The hydra is bell shaped and has multiple tentacles. D. The hydra is a tube-shaped polyp that has two layers of tissue. E. The hydra is bilaterally symmetrical.

The hydra is a tube-shaped polyp that has two layers of tissue.

If you play with a living anemone with a probe, it will withdraw even if you vibrate the probe like prey would vibrate; it also withdraws if you just add sugar. However, it reaches out and grasps an object that both vibrates and tastes like food. The use of such a double system prevents unnecessary firing of expensive nematocysts. Why are nematocysts "expensive"? A. The organism dies without nematocysts. B. The research equipment to detect them is very expensive. C. Nematocysts are used in medicine and are very expensive to harvest. D. The nematocyst is very complex and most likely costs the anemone much energy to build. E. The nematocyst can only be used for food and doesn't "fire" for non-food objects.

The nematocyst is very complex and most likely costs the anemone much energy to build.

Both corals and calcareous sponges have calcium carbonate structures. What is the relationship between these two groups? A. The calcareous sponges were ancestors of the corals. B. The corals were ancestors of the calcareous sponges. C. Both use the calcium carbonate to form a rock-like or crusty basal skeletal structure. D. The corals are actually colonial forms of the independent calcareous sponges. E. The sponges use calcium carbonate to form sharp spicules, while the corals independently use the same material to form a skeleton.

The sponges use calcium carbonate to form sharp spicules, while the corals independently use the same material to form a skeleton.

Which difference distinguishes protostomes from deuterostomes? A. One has a nervous system, and one doesn't. B. Their embryonic development is different. C. One has a circulatory system and one doesn't. D. One has cephalization and one doesn't. E. One has a notochord and one doesn't.

Their embryonic development is different.

Which of the following statements about planaria is NOT true? A. There is a rudimentary circulatory system with a small central heart. B. Planaria cut in half can regenerate to form two complete worms. C. Active movement occurs through ciliary cells and muscle movement. D. Tissue levels include endoderm (inner), mesoderm (middle), and ectoderm (outer). E. Cephalization is shown by the formation of a brain and sense organs in a head region.

There is a rudimentary circulatory system with a small central heart.

Which of the following characteristics is NOT true about deuterostomes? A. The second opening during embryonic development becomes the mouth. B. They include the echinoderms and humans. C. They have a coelom. D. They include the simplest of invertebrates. E. They are typically more advanced than protostomes.

They include the simplest of invertebrates.

Earthworms possess both male and female organs on separate segments; thus, mating consists of "parallel parking" in opposite directions and cross-fertilizing. Given this, which of the following is(are) true? A. This is evidence of a primitive state that is generally less efficient than separate sexes. B. This is primarily to allow them to self-fertilize if no other worm is in their sector of the soil. C. This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter. D. Maintaining any system not clearly male or female is disadvantageous; the earthworm is trapped in an evolutionary dead end. E. This demonstrates the how ineffective self-fertilization is as a means of reproduction.

This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter.

It is NOT correct to say that arthropods have A. a solid ventral nerve cord. B. a variety of respiratory organs. C. a well-developed nervous system. D. jointed appendages and a segmented body. E. a tough exoskeleton that grows by expansion.

a tough exoskeleton that grows by expansion

An adaptation exhibited by the tapeworm for survival in a host's intestine is A. proglottids coated with calcium carbonate. B. alkaline secretions from the scolex. C. a protective lining of chitin. D. eggs before the proglottids are digested. E. a tough integument resistant to host digestive fluids.

a tough integument resistant to host digestive fluids.

Fertilization in the earthworm is accomplished by the use of the A. nephridia. B. clitellum. C. flame cells. D. trachea. E. typhlosole.

clitellum

When an earthworm secretes a slime layer to receive eggs and sperm and form a ''cocoon,'' this secretion is produced by the A. annulations. B. peritoneum. C. clitellum. D. nephridium. E. prostomium.

clitellum

Which of the following organisms exhibit radial symmetry as adults? A. flatworms B. cnidarians C. roundworms D. clams E. fish

cnidarians

The stinging cells or nematocysts are characteristic of A. sponges. B. clams. C. cnidarians. D. flatworms. E. roundworms.

cnidarians.

The life cycle of animals A. demonstrates alternation of generations, where the zygote is haploid and the adult is diploid. B. does not demonstrate alternation of generations. Both the zygote and the adult are haploid. C. demonstrates alternation of generations, where the zygote is diploid and the adult is haploid. D. does not demonstrate alternation of generations because only the spores are haploid. E. does not demonstrate alternation of generations; gametes are haploid and the organism is diploid.

does not demonstrate alternation of generations; gametes are haploid and the organism is diploid.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of earthworms? A. segmentation B. expanded dorsal surface of the intestine called a typhlosole C. hermaphroditic D. paired nephridia in each segment E. dorsal solid nerve cord

dorsal solid nerve cord

A closed circulatory system is found in A. insects. B. snails. C. clams. D. earthworms. E. scorpions.

earthworms

Which of the following organisms are considered advanced invertebrates with a true coelom? A. sponges B. hydras C. flatworms D. roundworms E. earthworms

earthworms

Which of the following organisms show the typical method of acquiring food that is found in animals? A. euglena, who are autotrophic and heterotrophic B. basidiomycetes, club fungi, who decompose wood and other plant material C. earthworms, annelids, who feed on any available organic matter that they can take into their mouths D. volvox, a colonial alga that is autotrophic E. archaea, who are chemotrophic

earthworms, annelids, who feed on any available organic matter that they can take into their mouths

How could you possibly become infected with adult tapeworms? A. eating insufficiently cooked pork B. being bitten by a mosquito C. ingesting eggs in contaminated water D. eating freshly peeled fruit E. wading in contaminated water

eating insufficiently cooked pork

____ are animals that have three pairs of legs, a tympanum for reception of sound waves, and Malpighian tubules for excretion. A. Starfish B. Lancelets C. Crayfish D. Grasshoppers E. Earthworms

grasshoppers

The molluscs look so different, and yet we can tell they are related because they all A. are segmented. B. are predators. C. have an external skeleton. D. have a mantle, visceral mass, and a foot. E. have shells.

have a mantle, visceral mass, and a foot.

A major characteristic of the arthropods is the presence of A. flame cells. B. radial symmetry. C. a soft exoskeleton. D. a closed circulatory system. E. jointed appendages.

jointed appendages

Because they have nerve fibers and muscle fibers, hydra are capable of directional movement. These nerve and muscle fibers are found A. in the gastrodermis. B. in the epidermis. C. in the mesoglea. D. in the gastrodermis; muscle fibers are in the ectodermis. E. just under the epidermis; muscle fibers are found in the gastrodermis.

just under the epidermis; muscle fibers are found in the gastrodermis.

Which are NOT among the phylum Mollusca? A. clams B. squids C. lobsters D. nautiluses E. snails

lobsters

Clams, snails, sea slugs, and octopuses belong to the phylum A. Annelida. B. Mollusca. C. Porifera. D. Platyhelminthes. E. Arthropoda

mollusca

The cephalopods resemble other molluscs because they have A. focusing camera-type eyes. B. a siphon for jet propulsion. C. a parrot-like beak for tearing prey. D. well-developed brains with high learning capacity. E. most of the internal organs located in a visceral mass.

most of the internal organs located in a visceral mass.

Which of the following types of skeletal material is NOT found in at least some sponges? A. calcium carbonate B. silica C. spicules D. spongin E. muscle

muscle

A hydra moves via A. nematocysts. B. alternation of generations. C. contraction of the nerve net. D. muscle and nerve fibers. E. muscular fibers in the mesoglea.

muscle and nerve fibers.

What system do the cnidaria have that sponges lack? A. respiratory B. nervous C. circulatory D. excretory E. reproductive

nervous

The ____ of the tapeworm contains both male and female sex organs and becomes filled with developing embryos. A. proglottids B. scolex C. cyst D. gastrovascular cavity E. nematocyst

proglottids

The segments of a tapeworm consisting primarily of eggs, which hang in bags as a long chain behind the head, are called A. proglottids. B. cercariae. C. sporocysts. D. scolexes. E. glycocalyxes.

proglottids

Tapeworms are specialized for parasitism by an excessive development of which system? A. muscular B. reproductive C. excretory D. circulatory E. digestive

reproductive

Ascaris is considered to be a(n) A. flatworm. B. earthworm. C. roundworm. D. cnidarian. E. arthropod.

roundworm

The head region of a tapeworm is called the A. proglottid. B. cercaria. C. sporocyst. D. scolex. E. glycocalyx.

scolex

The chitinous bristles that earthworms use to anchor themselves in the earth and pull themselves along are A. aortic arches. B. lateral ventricles. C. setae. D. parapodia. E. nephridia.

setae

Larval Trichinella worms live in the A. liver. B. lungs. C. lymph glands. D. skeletal muscle of pork. E. water.

skeletal muscle of pork

A recent study of the marine hawksbill turtle's stomach contents revealed that sponges constitute a major portion of their diet. Sponge beds are generally protected from predators by the sponge's calcium and silica crystals, but these were found in quantity in the turtles' digestive systems. These structures that protect the sponges from most predators, but not turtles, are A. amoebocytes. B. the osculum. C. choanocytes. D. spicules.

spicules.

Which pair exhibits the closest relationship? A. spider—tick B. housefly—mite C. earthworm—grasshopper D. crayfish—planarian E. scorpion—clam

spider-tick

Respiratory structures in insects are A. commonly termed book lungs. B. spiracles and tracheae. C. hemolymphic. D. lamellae. E. lungs.

spiracles and tracheae

Which of these is NOT associated with a roundworm infection? A. hookworm B. trichinosis C. elephantiasis D. tapeworm E. pinworm

tapeworm

30. Planaria feed by A. attaching with a sucker(s) and extracting blood. B. tearing and sucking food particles via a muscular pharynx. C. slurping food particles through a mouth and excreting waste via an anus. D. soaking all nutrients from the environment through its thin epidermal surface. E. grabbing food with tentacles and pulling them into a ventrally located mouth.

tearing and sucking food particles via a muscular pharynx.

In flame cells —> E. cilia drive fluids through tubules for excretion of excess water.

tearing and sucking food particles via a muscular pharynx.

A sponge actually feeds by A. acting as a net in a current that sweeps food particles through it. B. squeezing the spongocoel cavity and sucking debris in and out through the osculum. C. the beating of the flagella of collar cells, forming a current; food is absorbed by collar cells. D. the beating collar cells form a current from osculum to pores; the food is engulfed by amoebocytes in the central cavity of the sponge. E. water the moves gently through the sponge and the amoebocytes that engulf passing food.

the beating of the flagella of collar cells, forming a current; food is absorbed by collar cells.

The insect organ most equivalent to the human lung in function is the A. tracheae. B. midgut. C. crop. D. gizzard. E. Malpighian tubule.

tracheae

Which of the following would not show the five characteristics typically found in animals? A. sponges, which have no true tissues but have two layers of cells that perform different functions B. planaria, who have an incomplete digestive tract but do have muscles and excretory and reproductive systems C. trypanosome, a single-celled organism that causes sleeping sickness in humans D. leeches, segmented worms that are predatory on other animals E. tapeworms, flatworms that infest the intestines of humans

trypanosome, a single-celled organism that causes sleeping sickness in humans