chapter 32 hw

Worldwide, about __________% of all fresh water is used for crop irrigation.

75

which of the following allows plant to be selective about the molecules that enter the xylem ?

A waxy barrier in the plant root

_____ is responsible for the movement of sugars from leaves to taproots; _____ is responsible for the movements of sugar from taproots to leaves.

Bulk flow ... bulk flow

In roots the _____ forces water and solutes to pass through the plasma membranes of _____ cells before entering the _____.

Casparian strip ... endodermis ... xylem

Both epiphytes and parasitic plants grow in association with another plant. What is the difference between these two groups?

Epiphytic plants simply live attached to their hosts, whereas parasitic plants obtain minerals and/or nutrients from their hosts. Submit

You conduct an experiment to learn more about how water moves within the plant body. You take a common houseplant and cut the stem off about one inch above the soil surface. Water begins collecting at the cut--in the stem stump--as if some force is pushing the water up through the roots and remaining stem. How could you best explain this observation?

Minerals, unable to move up to the leaves, are accumulating in the root, which causes water to rush in due to osmosis.

A developer decides to plant pine trees in a barren hill adjacent to his property. Unfortunately, the trees are not doing very well; in fact, many are starting to die, even though there are ample nutrients and water in the area. What is the likely culprit of the deaths in this tree plantation?

Mycorrhizal fungi are not present in the soil.

_____ transport(s) sugars from leaves to, for example, taproots.

Phloem

I had the privilege of visiting Mt. St. Helens in the late 1990s. One of the things I noticed was that very few plants were growing in the blast zone due to the scarcity of certain essential elements. In fact, the few plants growing in the area were members of the plant group caterm-58lled legumes. What property of legumes allows them to grow in this area?

They have a symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Drag the labels onto the diagram to correctly identify the structures and pathways involved in transporting water through the root.

a. a path through cytoplasm of root cells b. a plant through cell walls c. waxy barrier d. xylem e. root hair

Drag the terms to their correct locations in this concept map about symbiotic relationships in plants.

a. mycorrhizae b. epiphytes c. parasitic plants d. plant roots e. nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Drag the terms to the table to identify the substances required for plant growth.

a. water b. oxygen c. carbon dioxide d. minerals e. sunlight

At a sugar sink, sugar is removed from phloem by _____.

active transport

_ describes the tendency of water molecules to stuck to the fibers of plant cell walls

adhesion

The water pressure that pushes water and sugar from sugar source to sugar sink is referred to as _____.

bulk flow

what is the source of most of a plants dry mass

carbon dioxide

What name is given to the process seen in this animation?

cation exchange

Which of these ions is most likely to be leached from the soil?

chlorine ions

__ describes the tendency of water molecules to stick to each other

cohesion

which of the following terms describe water molecules sticking to other water molecules

cohesion

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil __________.

convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia

Acid precipitation _____.

decreases soil fertility

How do cations enter root hairs?

diffusion

The binding of H+ ions to soil particles _____.

displaces mineral cations

A(n) __ is a chemical element that a plant must obtain from the environment in order to grow and reproduce.

essential element

The continuum of spaces between cell walls of neighboring cells in the _ route of water and solute transport from root hairs to xylem

extracellular

In this modern age of science, which of the following shows the most promise in producing crops with a higher yield?

genetic engineering of crop plants

_____ cells are the cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomata, thus playing a role in regulating transpiration.

guard

_____ bonds are responsible for the cohesion of water molecules.

hydrogen

The release of CO2 into the soil results in the formation of _____.

hydrogen ions and carbonate ions

As turgor pressure increases in guard cells, the transpiration rate would be expected to __________.

increase

the function of the root hair is to

increase the surface area available for absorption in plant roots

A(n) __ is a nutrient mixture that is composed of naturally-occurring or manufactured mineral compounds.

inorganic fertilizer

Soil could be deficient in any of the following nutrients. If you had to supply one of them, which would be needed in the smallest amount?

iron

Topsoil __________.

is a mixture of rock fragments, living organisms, and humus

the loss of water from plants through transportation

is an important part of the mechanism that pulls water from a plant's roots to its leaves

A(n) __ is an element, such as carbon or calcium, that a plant must obtain in relatively large quantities.

macronutrient

A(n) __ is an element, such as iron or copper, that a plant must obtain in relatively small quantities.

micronutrient

When you add "plant food" to your potted geraniums, you are actually providing the plant with _____.

minerals

which of these are symbiotic associations?

mycorrhizae

Soil can easily become deficient in __________ because these ions are negatively charged and do not stick to negatively charged soil particles.

nitrate

By trapping insects, carnivorous plants obtain __________, which they need __________.

nitrogen; to make protein

A(n)__ is a nutrient mixture that is composed of chemically complex carbon-containing matter, such as compost.

organic fertilizer

Water moves into phloem by _____.

osmosis

Which of these processes is responsible for leaves being considered sugar sources?

photosynthesis

The channels indicated by the pointer , are

plasmodesmata

What process is the source of the CO2 that root hairs release into the soil?

respiration

which of the following describes the correct order in which water moves through a plant and into the atomosphere ?

root, xylem, leaf cells, air space inside leaves, outside air

When considering the source-to-sink model of phloem transport, what plant structures can act as either a source or a sink depending on the season?

roots

Sugar moves from leaves into the _____ of _____ by _____.

sieve-tube members ... phloem ... active transport Submit

In a sugar sink, such as a taproot, sugar is converted into _____.

starch

Guard cells actively open and close the stomata of leaves. What delicate internal balance do these guard cells control with their actions?

the balance between water uptake and gas exchange

When food is labeled 'organic' it means that _____.

the farmer grows food and processes it according to strict guidelines established and regulated by the USDA

Stomata open during the day in response to __________.

the uptake of K+ by guard cells

An undergraduate student had a terrarium on her windowsill containing various houseplants. She wondered why the glass was often fogged with water droplets. A friend who had taken a biology class, tried to explain that it was because of _____.

transpiration

_ describes the process by which water is lost from plants by evaporation

transpiration

_____ provide(s) the major force for the movement of water and solutes from roots to leaves.

transpiration

A botanist discovered a mutant plant this is unable to produce the material that forms the Casparian strip. This plant is _

unable to control the amounts of water and solutes it absorbs

This is an animation of the movement of water and ions through the root ______.

via the apoplastic route