Chapter 34: Deuterostomes

Identify the three orders of amphibians: , , and

anura, caudata, apoda

The living consist of gibbons, orangutans, gorilla, and chimpanzees.

apes

It was during the period, 545 million years ago, that the first vertebrates evolved in the oceans.

cambrian

Lancelets, which are members of the subphylum , are small, marine chordates.

cephalochordata

Which of the following birds have beaks that are flat and good for shoveling through mud?

ducks

Animals depending on outside sources for body heat are called whereas animals that generate their own heat are called .

ectotherms, endotherms

There are more species of than all other vertebrates combined

fish

Cephalochordates, or , are small marine chordates.

lancelets

A hypothetical version of the earliest vertebrates likely looked like a flattened hot dog, with a at one end and a at the other.

mouth, fin

Nonvertebrate chordates do not form or other bones.

vertebrae

The mammalian subclass Theria consists of mammals. The group includes both placental mammals and marsupials, but excludes the because they lay eggs.

viviparous, monotemes

In echinoderms, a hydraulic system called the -vascular system aids in movement and feeding.

water

Which of the following are characteristics of echinoderms?

Deuterostome developments Endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates Adults have pentaradial symmetry

Organisms with spiny skin that exhibit pentaradial symmetry as adults, and have an endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates, make up what phylum?

Echinodermata Echinoderms

Sea urchins and sand dollars belong to which of the following classes?

Echinoidea

Animals that are able to generate their body heat internally are best described as which of the following?

Endothermic

Birds are considered "feathered dinosaurs" by paleontologists because of which of the following?

Fossil dinosaurs exhibit transitional features like wings and feathers.

Which of the following statements best describes symmetry in echinoderms?

Free-swimming larvae have bilateral symmetry, while the adult form is pentaradially symmetrical

Which of the following are features that are unique to mammals among vertebrates?

Hair Mammary glands

Which of the following are key (defining) features of jawed fishes?

Paired appendages Internal gills Single-loop circulation Nutritional deficiencies A vertebral column

Which of the following are key features that characterize amphibians?

Partially divided heart Cutaneous respiration Pulmonary veins Legs Lungs

Of the following challenges faced by vertebrates moving from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment, which one was the most important?

Preventing the body from drying out

Which of the following are challenges faced by vertebrates moving from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment?

Preventing their body from drying out, Supplying large amounts of oxygen to their muscles for movement on land, Carrying out reproduction in water to prevent eggs from drying out

Humans share a recent common ancestor with which of the following?

Primates

In echinoderms, the larvae are symmetrical, and the adults are symmetrical.

bilaterally, pentaradially

Members of the phylum are characterized by a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a postanal tail.

chordates

During the period, moist-skinned amphibians successfully invade the wet habitats world wide.

tertiary

The group of dinosaurs that gave rise to birds were the

theropods

Despite how different their sessile, filter-feeding adult forms seem, larval clearly display chordate features.

tunicates

have chordate larval forms, which metamorphose into sessile, filter-feeding adults that bear little resemblance to other chordates.

tunicates

How many teeth do turtles and tortoises have?

0

Mammals first evolved about MYA.

220

Which of the following are features of bony fishes?

All have a bony skeleton Most have a scale-covered skin

were the first terrestrial vertebrates.

Amphibians

Unlike tunicates and lancelets, vertebrates have which of the following?

An endoskeleton Certain Internal organs

Which of the following is greatly enlarged in birds, which have evolved the ability for powered flight?

Breastbone

What organisms are in the class Ophiuroidea?

Brittle stars

The curved talons and sharp beaks identify owls as which of the following?

Carnivores

The skeleton of Chondrichthyans is made of which of the following?

Cartilage

Members of this phylum are characterized by a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a postanal tail.

Chordata

Which of the following is not one of the five key features of fish?

Internal organs

Choose all features typical of most bony fishes.

Internal skeleton made of bone Highly mobile fins Completely symmetrical tails

Today, biologists have identified about 5,000 species of which of the following?

Mammals

Which of the following are challenges amphibians had to overcome when adapting to a life on land?

Moving a large body mass without being buoyant in water Prevent body from drying out Delivering enough oxygen to muscles needed for land movement Needing water to complete the reproduction cycle Obtaining enough oxygen without using gills

Which of the following are found in vertebrates, but not tunicates or lancelets?

Neural crest cells A distinct head Vertebrae

Which of the following are major groups of bony fish?

Sarcopterygii Actinopterygii

Ultraviolet radiation from the sun is stronger in tropical regions than in temperate zones.. Compare the color of the skin of individuals indigenous to this areas.

Skin is darker id individuals in tropical areas.

Which of the following groups is characterized by the presence of four membranes in the embryonic development and includes the mammals, crocodiles, turtles, birds, snakes, and lizards?

The amniotes

Which of the following is true of both of the nonvertebrate chordates Urochordata and Cephalochordata?

They have a notochord.

Birds, mammals, lizards, snakes, turtles, and crocodiles form a group known as the , united by the fact that they all possess the same pattern of four embryonic membranes.

amniotes

The include apes and humans and their direct ancestors.

hominids

Humans belong to the mammalian order

primates

The two major groups of bony fish are the -finned fishes and the -finned fishes.

ray, lobed

Turtles and tortoises differ from other reptiles in that they body is covered by a protective .

shell

The of Chondrichthyans is made of cartilage, as opposed to bone.

skeleton

Bony fish have a bony and a skin covered in plates or

skeleton, scales

In addition to the presence of legs, all amphibians share several key characteristics. All amphibians can exchange gases through their . In addition, many amphibians breathe by forcing air into a pair of . Aerated blood is pumped through the veins, and returned to a partially divided to be pumped to the rest of the body.

skin, lungs, pulmonary, heart

One major adaptation for flight in birds is an enlargement of the , which serves as the site of attachment for the major muscles of flight.

sternum