Chapter 34: The Great War
What was the name of the secret Serbian society that Gavriol Princip belonged to?
Black Hand
What state was the western front during World War I?
Bloody stalemate
Who did T.E. Lawrence work with to lead the Bedouins of Arabia against Ottoman rule?
British intelligence services as a military advisor among the Arabs in revolt against Turkish rule
When and where were the Twenty-One demands issued?
From Japan to China on 18 January 1915
What country is know for its common complaint of its desire to ensure its "Place in the Sun?"
Germany
What was they key factor in the United States' decision to enter World War I?
Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917
Who was the last tsar of Russia?
Nicholas II
What was an important area of competition and conflict between England and Germany in the years leading up to World War I?
Oceans (naval race), east/southwest Africa
Who was the World War I poet who considered Horace's line that "it is sweet and proper to die for one's county" to be an old lie?
Wilfred Owen
What were characteristics of the new total war of World War I?
Barbed wire, machine gun, poison gas (mustard gas), tanks, airplanes, submarine
What was one of the major problems of the Paris peace negotiations that led to the Treaty of Versailles?
The Allies didn't permit representatives of the Central Powers to participate
Whose motto was "make the world safe for democracy?"
The Americans
Where was the German offensive of 1914 stopped?
The river Marne (western front)
Why did the Japanese fight in World War I?
Their determination to dominate east Asia
What effect did World War I have on the status of women?
They took over the men's work during the war, gained voting rights in some countries after war, and discouraged patriarchal family system in Russia/China
What are Germany's African colonies that the Allies conquered in World War I?
Togoland, the Cameroons, German Southwest Africa, German East Africa
What was the most famous motto of the Russian Revolution?
"Peace, Land, and Bread"
What was the Somme?
A battle fought to relieve the pressure on Verdun by the British and by November they had gained a few thousand yards at the cost of 420,000 casualties -a English assault in 1916 that gained a few thousand yards.
How many combatants died in World War I?
15 million
Who were the members of the Triple Alliance?
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy
Who did Gavrilo Princip assassinate causing the spark that started World War I?
Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
What caused Nicholas II to mobilize Russia's armed forces?
Austro-Hungaria's declaration of war on Serbia
What did the experience of Joseph Caillaux during World War I demonstrate?
Governments censored bad news and vilified the enemy through propaganda campaigns
How did the execution of the massive German assault on the Western Front in 1916 go?
It was unsuccessful because they didn't make it past the French troops at the fortress of Verdun; French counted 315k dead& German counted 280K
Why did Woodrow Wilson agree to the many harsh stipulations of the Treaty of Versailles?
In return for the creation of the League of Nations
What was Plna XVII?
It amounted to a veritable celebration of offensive maneuvers- "attack" undertaken always and everywhere
What was the effect of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?
It ended Russia's involvement in the Great War and gave Germans possession of 1/3 Russia's territory and 1/4 population
What was the effect of the Battle of Gallipoli?
It led to a weakening of imperial ties and paved the way for emerging national identities also a disaster-Allied soldiers were pinned on the beaches by the Turkish
What was the effect of the Influenza Pandemic of 1918?
It left more than 20 million dead and was helped spread by wartime traffic on land/sea
What was the February Revolution of 1917?
It was an unplanned and incomplete affair that ended the Russian monarchy
What was the outcome of the Eastern Front during World War 1?
It was ultimately a spectacular German success
What threatened the Triple Alliance from the very beginning?
Italy's policy of aggrandizement at the expense of the Ottoman empire/Italy's rivalry with Austria-Hungary in the Balkans
What was the main difference between the philosophies of Marx and Lenin?
Lenin viewed the industrial working class as incapable of developing the proper revolutionary consciousness that would lead to effective political action
What is an example of a state threatened by the nationalistic aspirations of subject minorities?
Ottoman Empire
Where did Mustapha Kemal become President post-World War I?
Republic of Turkey
What percentage of the world's industrial output was England responsible for in 1914?
Russia
Who actively promoted Pan-Slavism?
Russia
What was the name of the military plan that called for an invasion of France through Belgium?
Schlieffen plan
What is the term for the idea that people with the same ethnic origins, language, and political ideals had the right to form sovereign states?
Self-determination
Why were the French deeply suspicious of German expansion?
The Franco-Prussian War
What is not an explanation of the expansion of World War I to Asia, Africa, and the Pacific?
The German invasion of neutral Belgium was such a profound breech of international law
What was the first total war in world history?
The Great War
What was the main reason for the failure of the provisional government in Russia in 1917?
The Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies surfaced all over Russia failed to satisfy popular demands for an end to war/for land reform
How old were most of the soldiers who marched of in 1914 to fight in World War 1?
Young men