Chapter 36: Nutrition
A nurse documents a client's hemoglobin as 80 g/L. What nutritional condition does this biochemical data signify?
Anemia
A nurse enters a client's room to perform a tube feeding. Which nursing action should be performed first?
Aspirate stomach contents and check pH
A client has developed dysphagia secondary to a cerebrovascular accident. The nurse is aware that he client is at risk for?
Aspiration
A client who is bedridden and dependent has been ordered to resume an oral diet. When feeding the client, the nurse should perform what action?
Assist the client into a high-Fowler's position
A client with diabetes must monitor his intake of sugar. Which client statement requires nursing intervention?
At every meal, I eat bread with honey
A nurse is teaching a client about diabetes and glucose monitoring. What should the nurse include in the teaching?
Blood from the fingertips shows changes in glucose more quickly than other testing sites.
After reviewing the client's chart, the nurse notes that the client has been ordered a clear liquid diet. Which meal tray would the client be allowed to eat?
Bouillon, Apple juice, and gelatin
The nurse is providing care for an older adult client who is recovering from pneumonia on the hospital's medical unit. The nurse sets up the client's dinner tray on his overbred table. The client then states, "I won't be having any of this." What is the nurse's most appropriate response?
Can you tell me why you don't want to have dinner tonight?
Which nursing action associated with successful tube feedings follows recommended guidelines?
Check the residual before each feeding or every 4 to 8 hours during a continuous feeding.
Composed of fluids or foods that become fluid at body temperature. This includes broth, coffee, tea, fruit juices (apple, cranberry, grape), gelatin, and popsicles. Requires minimal digestion and leaves minimal residue.
Clear liquid diet
Bread, cereal, potatoes, rice, pasta, crackers, flour products, and legumes contain ________ _______
Complex carbohydrates
Which method of feeding would a nurse normally provide if a patient can attempt eating regular meals during the day and is prepared to ambulate and resume activities?
Cyclic feeding
During a general survey, the nurse documents the waist circumference of an overweight female client as 36 in (92 cm) This client is at high risk for?
Diabetes
A client with dysphagia prepares to eat dinner. How does the nurse best help this client?
Ensure the head of the bed is in high-Fowler
A nurse is managing a client's continuous tube feeding via an NG tube. How often should the nurse check for residual?
Every 4 to 6 hours
A nurse in a clinic is caring for a female client who is of childbearing age. Which vitamins or minerals should the nurse recommend to prevent neural tube defects during pregnancy?
Folic Acid
Low- fat milk, fruit juices or soup, and juices with fruit pulp (orange and grapefruit) are considered?
Full liquid diet
The nurse is teaching the caregiver of a toddler about the importance of calcium to help a child's teeth and bones develop properly. Which client statement reflects that nursing teaching has been effective?
I will be sure to provide milk at meals
A client has been on a clear liquid diet for 5 days. What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client?
Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements
The nurse is caring for a patient with an enlarged thyroid. What nutritional deficiency is linked to an enlarged thyroid?
Iodine
A female client has developed an abscess following abdominal surgery, and her food intake has been decreasing over the past 2 weeks. Which laboratory finding may suggest the need for nutritional support?
Low serum albumin levels
A female client has developed an abscess following abdominal surgery, and her food intake has been decreasing over the past two weeks. Which laboratory finding may suggest the need for nutritional support?
Low serum albumin levels
A client with influenza is prescribed a diet that is rich in fiber and carbohydrates. Which would the nurse incorporate into the education plan as a major reason for the high fiber diet?
Maintenance of normal bowel elimination
A client with diabetes mellitus must monitor carbohydrate intake. Which client statement requires nursing intervention?
My favorite drink is coffee with sugar
During a visit to the pediatrician's office, a mother inquired about adding solid foods to the diet of her 6 month old infant. What does the nurse inform the mother?
New foods should be introduced one at a time for a period of 5 to 7 days
A 45 year old client on the inpatient unit has just resumed eating a normal diet. The nurse checks a blood sugar with the morning labs and the result is 99. 10 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L) How would the nurse interpret this blood glucose?
Normal
The community nurse is educating client groups about nutrition. Which group does the nurse identify that will benefit most from nutritional counseling and intervention?
Older adults living on a fixed income
A nurse is caring for a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 26.5. Which category should the nurse understand this client would be placed in?
Overweight
The nurse performs gastrostomy site care and notes drainage. What action does the nurse take?
Place a drain sponge under the external bumper
A client has just had abdominal surgery, and the nurse is consulting with him about his diet now that he is allowed to eat. Which nutrient is most important for wound healing?
Protein
The average dietary nutrient intake level that meets the nutritional requirement of almost all healthy people in a selected age and gender group is the?
RDA level
A client with partial-thickness or second-degree burns is encouraged to increase the proteins in their diet. Which food is high in protein?
Scrambled egg with cheese
A nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory values. Which laboratory value would be indicative of a client's level of malnutrition?
Serum Albumin
A nurse is caring for a client who has a malabsorption disease. The nurse should understand that which structure in the gastrointestinal system absorbs the majority of the digested foods and minerals?
Small intestine
The charge nurse is observing a new nurse care for a client who is receiving a continuous feeding through a nasogastric feeding tube. Which action by the new nurse would require intervention by the charge nurse?
The new nurse places the client in the left lateral recumbent position
A physician orders nutritional therapy administered via a central vein for a client who cannot take foods orally. What is the term for this type of nutrition?
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
The nurse has observed that a client's food intake has diminished in recent days. What intervention should the nurse perform in order to stimulate the client's appetite?
Try to ensure that the client's food is attractive and sufficiently warm
A nurse is conducting a client education with a woman who meets the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. The nurse is teaching the client about the MyPlate tool for promoting healthy food intake. According to MyPlate, the highest proportion of food in each meal should consist of what?
Vegetables
The client reports to the nurse that she feels as if her eyes are persistently dry. This symptom is consistent with a deficiency in which dietary element?
Vitamin A
A client has a long-term history of alcohol use. Which nutrient would need to be required in increased amounts?
Vitamin B
A 16 year old adolescent informs her nurse that she became a vegetarian 1 year ago. Lately she is reporting fatigue and has trouble concentrating. A quick blood test ordered by her licensed provider informs the nurse that she has pernicious anemia. This is a deficiency of what vitamin?
Vitamin B12
A nurse in a rural health center meets a new client, age 4. The nurse notices as the client enters the clinic that his legs appear to be bowed. When he smiles, the nurse also notes that his dentition is quite malformed for a child his age. What vitamin deficiency would the nurse most suspect?
Vitamin D
A nurse is educating a group of adolescent girls on bone and teeth growth. Which fat-soluble vitamin assists to build bone and teeth?
Vitamin D
Which of the following is a fat soluble vitamin?
Vitamin E
A client is prescribed warfarin, an anticoagulant. When educating this client about potential diet and drug interactions, the nurse would caution the client about foods containing which nutrient?
Vitamin K
A client who has bleeding tendencies has a deficiency in which vitamin?
Vitamin K
Which nutrient is most vital to life?
Water
At what period of life do nutrient needs stabilize?
adulthood
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
Upon assessment, the nurse determines the client has a body mass index (BMI) of 45. This finding indicates the client is?
extremely obese
An older adult client has a decubitus ulcer with drainage, dysphagia, and immobility. She consumes less than 300 calories per day and has a large amount of interstitial fluid. The client is in a state of?
negative nitrogen balance
A nurse is working with a 45-year old construction worker. The nurse obtains his height and weight and calculates that his BMI is 28. How would the nurse best classify James?
overweight
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic anemia. What should be included in the diet of this client?
red meat
Which laboratory test is the best indicator of a client in need of TPN?
serum albumin
