Chapter 36 overview
Kamikaze
(in World War II) a Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target.
Benito mussolini
1883-1945, Italian Fascist leader: premier of Italy 1922-43. ... In 2003, for example,he claimed that benito mussolini, the fascist dictator of Italy, "did not kill anyone."
Important dates
1945-two atom bombs were dropped
Hiroshima/nagasaki
A Japanese city on which the United States dropped the first atomic bomb used in warfare, on August 6, 1945. After the devastation of the bombing, Hiroshima was largely rebuilt. ... Followed by the bombing of Nagasaki, on August 9, this show of Allied strength hastened the surrender of Japan in World War II.
Stalingrad
A major battle between German and Soviet troops in World War II. The battle was fought in the winter of 1942-1943 and ended with the surrender of an entire German army. Stalingrad is considered a major turning point of the war in favor of the Allies.
Axis powers
Axis powers. noun. a group of countries that opposed the Allied powers in World War II, including Germany, Italy, and Japan as well as Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia. The Axis powers were led by Nazi Germany.
Bay pigs
Bay of Pigs definition. The location of a failed attempt by Cuban exiles to invade Cuba in 1961. ... The operation was a disaster for the invaders, most of whom were killed or taken prisoner.
Berlín wall
Berlin Wall definition. Fortified concrete and wire barrier that separated East and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989. It was built by the government of what was then East Germany to keep East Berliners from defecting to the West.
Winston Churchill
Churchill, Winston definition. An English political leader and author of the twentieth century; he became prime minister shortly after World War II began and served through the end of the war in Europe. Churchill symbolized the fierce determination of the British to resist conquest by the Germans under Adolf Hitler.
"Comfort Women"
Comfort women, also called military comfort women, Japanese jūgun ianfu, a euphemism for women who provided sexual services to Japanese Imperial Army troops during Japan's militaristic period that ended with World War II and who generally lived under conditions of sexual slavery.
Cuban missle crisis
Cuban missile crisis definition. A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the "hottest" periods of the cold war.
Adolf hitler
German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)
Why was the Japanese conquest of Singapore was symbolically significant?
It dealt a blow to British prestige and to European superiority in Asia
What happened at the "rape of Nanjing"?
Japanese massacre of hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians; performed many atrocities that were so awful they are better left unsaid; even Nazis were horrified at the acts
Marshall plan
Marshall Plan definition. A program by which the United States gave large amounts of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after the devastation of World War II. It was proposed by the United States secretary of state, General George C. Marshall.
Munich conference
Munich Pact definition. An agreement between Britain and Germany in 1938, under which Germany was allowed to extend its territory into parts of Czechoslovakia in which German-speaking peoples lived. Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain negotiated on behalf of Britain, and Chancellor Adolf Hitler on behalf of Germany.
What is he phrase "peace for our time" associated with?
Neville Chamberlain
German Soviet Non-aggression pact
On August 23, 1939-shortly before World War II (1939-45) broke out in Europe-enemies Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union surprised the world by signing the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, in which the two countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years.
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa, original name Operation Fritz, during World War II, code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union, which was launched on June 22, 1941. The failure of German troops to defeat Soviet forces in the campaign signaled a crucial turning point in the war.
Boris Pasternak
Pasternak, Boris definition. A twentieth-century Russian author. He is famous for his poetry and for the novel Doctor Zhivago, the sweeping saga of a young doctor's adventures during World War I and the Russian Revolution. ... Pasternak won the 1958 Nobel Prize in literature but was forced to reject it
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor definition. A major United States naval base in Hawaii that was attacked without warning by the Japanese air force on December 7, 1941, with great loss of American lives and ships.
Revisionist Powers
Revisionist state is a term from Power Transition Theory within the wider field of international relations. It is used to describe states. The term assumes a direct correlation between a state's hegemony, both political and economic, and its standing as either a status quo state or a revisionist state.
Joseph stalin
Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) Synonyms: Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, Stalin Example of: commie, communist. a socialist who advocates communism.
Spanish civil war
Spanish Civil War definition. A war fought in the late 1930s in Spain. On one side were the Loyalists, Spaniards loyal to a recently elected government in the form of a republic; on the other side were fascists (see fascism), led by General Francisco Franco.
Allied powers
The Allies of World War I, or Entente Powers, were the countries that opposed the Central Powers in the First World War. The members of the original Triple Entente of 1907 were the French Republic, the British Empire and the Russian Empire
Battle of Britain
The Battle of Britain (German: Luftschlacht um England, literally "The Air Battle for England") was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe
Iwo Jima/ Okinawa
The Battle of Iwo Jima was fought between the Japanese army and the United States Marine Corps (USMC). The battle, known to the USMC as "Operation Detachment", started on February 19, 1945 and lasted until March 26, 1945 when the last Japanese soldiers were captured or killed.
analyze the changes and continuities of the roles of women in the two world wars
The First World War was a cataclysm that disrupted countless lives. As a modern, total war, it brought men and women into active battle zones across Europe as well as in parts of Africa and Asia. New technology further extended the borders of the war.
Prague spring
The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II.
Sudetenland
The Sudetenland was relegated to Germany between 1 October and 10 October 1938. The Czech part of Czechoslovakia was subsequently invaded by Germany in March 1939, with a portion being annexed and the remainder turned into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Wannsee Confrence
The Wannsee Conference (German: Wannseekonferenz) was a meeting of senior government officials of Nazi Germany and Schutzstaffel (SS) leaders, held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on 20 January 1942.
Vichy
The government of France after Germany defeated and occupied it at the beginning of World War II (see fall of France); Vichy, the capital, is a small city in central France. The Vichy government was essentially a puppet of the Germans.
The overall purpose behind the information of the United Nations was most similar to which historical event?
The holocaust
Rape of nanjing
The massacre is also known as the Rape of Nanking or, using Pinyin romanization, the Nanjing Massacre or Rape of Nanjing. The massacre occurred over a period of six weeks starting on December 13, 1937, the day that the Japanese captured Nanjing
Greater east Asia co-prosperity
The term "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" is remembered largely as a front for the Japanese control of occupied countries during World War II, in which puppet governments manipulated local populations and economies for the benefit of Imperial Japan.
Why did some Asian peoples experience little resentment toward Japanese occupation of their countries?
To prevent mass rape as in the occupation of Nanjng in 1937
Joseph McCarty
United States politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communists (1908-1957) Synonyms: Joseph Raymond McCarthy, McCarthy Example of: pol, political leader, politician, politico. a person active in party politics
Nato/Warsaw pact
Warsaw Pact definition, the Warsaw Pact included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union.
Compare and contrast Japanese imperialism with Italian imperialism in the interwar years?
While Benito Mussolini's rise to power was linked to a chaotic struggle for political power that took place in Italy in the aftermath of World War I, Adolf Hitler took advantage of the disastrous economic situation in Germany. In both cases, nationalist rhetoric was critical to gaining popular support.
Manchukuo
a former country (1932-45) in E Asia, under Japanese control: included Manchuria and parts of Inner Mongolia; now a part of China.
Cold War
a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular.
What does the term "final solution" refer to?
actions squads sent to kill thousands of jews
Auschwitz
an industrial town in S Poland; site of a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. Pop: 40 686 (2007 est) Polish name Oświęcim. Auschwitz in Culture. Auschwitz [(owsh-vits)] An infamous concentration camp established by the Nazis in Poland.
Holocaust
destruction or slaughter on a mass scale, especially caused by fire or nuclear war.
What was the purpose behind the Warsaw Pact?
military alliance of seven communist European nations, matched collective defense policies of NATO
What was the first act of aggression, which ended the post Great War peace?
the Japanese invasion of manchuria
"Final solution"
the Nazi policy of exterminating European Jews. Introduced by Heinrich Himmler and administered by Adolf Eichmann, the policy resulted in the murder of 6 million Jews in concentration camps between 1941 and 1945.
Appeasement
the action or process of appeasing
D-day
the day (June 6, 1944) in World War II on which Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy.
Truman Doctrine
the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by US President Truman in a speech to Congress seeking aid for Greece and Turkey, the doctrine was seen by the communists as an open declaration of the Cold War.
Dominó Theory
the theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries, like a falling domino causing an entire row of upended dominoes to fal
WAVES
the women's section of the US Naval Reserve, established in 1942, or, since 1948, of the US Navy.
