Chapter 36, Reproduction and Development

In the human ovarian cycle, ovulation is triggered by a sharp rise in luteinizing hormone (LH). What is the cause of this sharp rise?

A rise in estradiol from the follicle

Seasonal changes can be important to reproduction because __________.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following is a means of sexual reproduction?

Fusion of egg and sperm

What is an advantage of internal fertilization?

Internal fertilization can occur outside of aquatic or marine habitats.

What is the relationship between Leydig cells and Sertoli cells?

Leydig cells stimulate the production of sperm cells, and Sertoli cells nourish developing sperm.

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning mating behavior in asexually reproducing species?

Mating behavior is a stimulus that can help to bring about ovulation in asexually reproducing species.

Which of the following statements correctly describes how the production of human sperm and eggs differs?

Meiosis is an uninterrupted process in males, whereas in females it resumes when a follicle matures and is only completed when a sperm penetrates the egg.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about sexual reproduction?

Most animals produce offspring by sexual reproduction.

Which of the following is a difference between reproduction of humans (and other primates) and all other mammals?

Only humans (and other primates) have menstrual cycles.

In which location does fertilization usually take place in a human female?

Oviduct

Which of the following is an accurate statement about parthenogenesis?

Parthenogenesis appears rare in vertebrates.

Which of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its function?

Prolactin - stimulates breast development at puberty

Which of the following structures is incorrectly paired with its function?

Seminiferous tubule - adds fluid containing mucus, fructose, and prostaglandins to semen

Which of the following is the correct path that sperm travel in leaving the body of a human male?

Seminiferous tubule - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct - urethra

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in the development of sperm in the process of spermatogenesis?

Spermatogonial stem cell - spermatogonium - primary spermocyte - secondary spermocyte - early spermatid - sperm cell

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the cleavage stage of early development?

There is no increase in mass.

A hermaphrodite is __________.

an individual with both male and female reproductive systems

The secretory phase of the uterine cycle ___________.

coincides with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

Pheromones are __________.

generally effective at very low concentrations

Which hormone is produced by the human embryo during the first trimester and is necessary for maintaining a pregnancy?

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

Examples of birth control methods that prevent the production or release of gametes are __________.

hormonal contraception and sterilization

The ectoderm germ layer gives rise to the __________.

jaws, teeth, and epidermis of the skin

The human female's external reproductive structures are __________.

the clitoris, two sets of labia, and vaginal opening

The "twofold cost" of sex refers to __________.

the fewer reproductive offspring produced by individuals of species that have two sexes

Certain maternal diseases, drugs, alcohol, and radiation are most dangerous to embryonic development during ___________.

the first three months, when organogenesis is occurring