chapter 38, 39, 40, 41
A 50 year old female is entrapped in her passenger car after it struck a tree. As the rescue team is preparing to extricate her, you quickly assess her and determine that she is breathing shallowly and her radial pulse is absent. You should: A) Maintain spinal stabilization as she is extricated B) secure her with a short backboard or vest device C) stabilize her condition before extrication begins D) begin CPR as the rescue team begins extrication
A
A 52-year-old male presents with a fever of 102.5°F and a severe headache. As you assess him, you note the presence of multiple blisters on his face and chest, which are all identical in shape and size. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: A) smallpox B) sarin toxicity C) yellow fever virus D) cutaneous anthrax
A
A hiker was injured when he fell approximately 20' from a cliff. When you arrive at the scene, a member of the technical rescue group escorts you to the patient, who is positioned on a steep incline. The most appropriate method of immobilizing and moving the patient to the ambulance is to: A) immobilize his spine with a long backboard and place him in a basket stretcher B) immobilize him to a long backboard and use the four person carry to move him C) apply a vest style immobilization device and move him using a stair chair device D) immobilize him with a short backboard and place him on the ambulance stretcher
A
According to the START triage system, what should you do if you encounter an unresponsive patient who is not breathing? A) open the airway and reassess breathing status B) assign the patient in the "immediate" category C) ventilate the patient for 2 minutes and reassess D) triage the patient as "expectant" and move on
A
After assessing your patient, you determine that his condition is stable. You provide the appropriate treatment and then load him into the ambulance. While en route to the hospital, you should: A) turn your emergency light off and obey all traffic laws B) keep your emergency lights on but avoid using the siren C) use your lights and siren but drive slowly and defensively D) drive slowly and remain in the far left hand lane, if possible
A
As a triage supervisor, you: A) must prepare patients for transport before they leave the triage area B) must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged C) are responsible for providing initial treatment to all patients D) should communicate with area hospitals regarding their capabilities
A
Command functions under the incident command system include all of the following, except: A) triage officer B) safety officer C) liaison officer D) public information officer
A
Common duties and responsibilities of EMS personnel at the scene of a motor vehicle crash include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) keeping bystanders at a safe distance B) assigning all patients a triage category C) preparing all patients for transportation D) ongoing assessment of critical patients
A
Disentanglement involves: A) removing a patient from a dangerous position B) the use of simple access tools such as a pry bar C) extrication techniques that EMTs are trained in D) gaining access to a patient in a crashed vehicle
A
If the incident command system is already established at the scene of a terrorist attack, the EMT should: A) locate the medical staging officer to obtain his or her assignment B) begin triaging patients and start treating the most critical ones C) remain in the rehabilitation area until he or she is assigned a task D) contact the EMS medical director and obtain further instructions
A
In contrast to simple access, complex access: A) involves forcible entry into a vehicle B) is a skill commonly taught to EMTs C) does not involve the breaking of glass D) often involves simply unlocking a door
A
Most terrorist attacks are: A) covert B) impulsive C) unplanned D) nuclear attacks
A
Phases of an ambulance call include all of the following activities, EXCEPT: A) emergency care provided at the scene B) transport of the patient to the hospital C) checking equipment on the ambulance D) transferring the patient to the ambulance
A
The 1996 Summer Olympics bombing is an example of: A) domestic terrorism B) apocalyptic violence C) an ecoterrorist attack D) state-sponsored terrorism
A
The chemical attacks that occurred in Tokyo between 1994 and 1995 were carried out by a(n): A) violent religious group B) extremist political group C) single-issue terrorist group D) group of domestic terrorists
A
The main objective of traffic control at the scene of a motor vehicle crash is to: A) warn oncoming traffic and prevent another crash B) facilitate a route for the media to access the scene C) prevent curious onlookers from observing the scene D) get oncoming traffic past the scene as soon as possible
A
The primary route of exposure of vesicant agents is the: A) skin B) nervous system C) vascular system D) respiratory tract
A
The rescue team is in the process of extricating a 40-year-old male from his truck. The patient's wife, who was uninjured in the crash, is calmly observing the extrication and asks you if her husband will be all right. You should: A) ensure that she is in a safe area, away from the scene B) allow her to observe the extrication and keep her calm C) ask her follow-up questions about the details of the crash D) allow her to talk to her husband during the extrication
A
The scene size-up at a motor vehicle crash or other incident: A) is an ongoing process until the incident is terminated B) should be performed by the most experienced EMT C) is a quick visual assessment of the scene prior to entry D) determines who is allowed to safely enter the hot zone
A
The term used when individual units or different organizations make independent, and often inefficient, decisions regarding an incident is called: A) freelancing B) undermining C) logistical chaos D) single command
A
Unlike a multiple-casualty incident, a natural disaster: A) often requires personnel to remain on scene for several days B) exists when there are more than 100 critical injured patients C) is typically short-lived and does not require as much manpower D) usually does not require the incident command system process
A
Upon arrival at a motor vehicle crash, the EMT should: A) leave only the essential warning lights activated B) turn off the ambulance and set the emergency brake C) turn off the emergency flashing lights and headlights D) park at least 300 feet away from the accident scene
A
When approaching a helicopter, whether the rotor blades are moving or not, you should: A) never duck under the body or tail boom because the pilot cannot see you in these areas B) remember that the main rotor blade is flexible and can dip as low as 5' to 6' from the ground C) carefully approach the aircraft from the rear unless a crew member instructs you to do otherwise D) approach the aircraft from the side because this will make it easier for you to access the aircraft doors
A
When working at the scene of a motor vehicle crash at night, you should not use: A) road flares B) reflective vests C) portable floodlights D) intermittent flashing devices
A
Which of the following agents blocks the body's ability to use oxygen and possesses an odor similar to almonds? A) hydrogen cyanide B) phosgene oxime C) organophosphates D) carbon monoxide
A
Which of the following chemicals is a nerve agent? A) phosgene B) soman C) lewisite D) chlorine
A
Which of the following patients should be assigned an immediate (red tag) category? A) 22 year old male with blunt abdominal trauma, tachycardia, pallor, and diaphoresis B) 29 year old female with a back injury and numbness and tingling in her extremities C) 31 year old male with an open fracture of the forearm and minimal external bleeding D) 36 year old female with an open head injury, agonal breathing, and a slow pulse rate.
A
Which of the following statements regarding the use of the warning lights and siren in the ambulance is correct? A) if it is necessary to use the siren, you should tell the patient beforehand B) if the patient is stable, you may use the warning lights without the siren C) warning lights and siren should be avoided, even if the patient is unstable D) it is generally acceptable to increase your speed if lights and sirens are in use
A
You are dispatched to the scene of a building explosion. Upon arrival, you see people frantically fleeing the building, screaming, "everyone is passing out!" You should: A) carefully assess the situation and ensure your own safety B) assist with the evacuation and begin triaging the patients C) notify dispatch and state that a terrorist attack has occurred D) contact the FBI immediately and report the current situation
A
________ is defined as the ability to reach the patient. A) access B) rescue C) extrication D) disentanglement
A
A 33 year old restrained driver of a motor vehicle crash is awake and alert, complaining only of neck pain and left leg pain. The vehicle is stable, and no hazards are present. When removing this patient from his vehicle, you should: A) use the rapid extrication technique B) immobilize him with a vest style device C) maintain slight traction to his neck area D) apply a full leg splint prior to extrication
B
A disease vector is defined as: A) the spectrum of signs that define a disease B) any agent that acts as a carrier or transporter C) the period of time between exposure and illness D) the ability of a virus or bacterium to be spread
B
After primary triage, the triage supervisor should communicate all of the following information to the medical branch officer, EXCEPT: A) the total number of patients that have been triaged B) the recommended transport destination for each patient C) recommendations for movement to the treatment area D) the number of patients that are in each triage category
B
An attack on an abortion clinic would MOST likely be carried out by a(n): A) doomsday cult B) single-issue group C) violent religious group D) extremist political group
B
At a very large incident, the _______ section is responsible for managing the tactical operations usually handled by the incident commander on routine EMS calls. A) logistics B) operations C) planning D) finance
B
Common safety equipment carried on the ambulance includes all of the following, EXCEPT: A) face shields B) hazardous materials gear C) safety goggles D) turnout gear
B
During a motor vehicle collision involving multiple patients, the IC would MOST likely: A) maintain responsibility for all of the command functions B) designate a safety officer but retain other command functions C) delegate all of the command functions to the appropriate personnel D) relinquish command when a senior EMS provider arrives at the scene
B
Equipment and supplies that are carried on an ambulance should be stored: A) as directed by the EMS system's medical director B) according to the urgency and frequency of their use C) based on recommendations of the health department D) in locked or secured cabinets to prevent theft
B
Extrication is defined as: A. using heavy equipment to access a patient. B. removal from a dangerous situation or position. C. dismantling an automobile to remove a victim. D. immobilizing a patient before moving him or her.
B
If a technical rescue team is required at the scene, but is not present when you arrive, you should: A) don personal protective equipment and begin the rescue process B) check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route C) remain with your ambulance until the rescue team arrives at the scene D) have fire personnel initiate the rescue process if they are at the scene
B
If hydroplaning of the ambulance occurs, the driver should: A) slowly move the steering wheel back and forth B) gradually slow down without jamming on the brakes C) slowly pump the brakes until he or she regains control of the vehicle D) quickly jerk the steering wheel
B
Immediately upon arriving at the scene of an emergency call involving a traumatic injury, you should notify the dispatcher of your arrival and then: A) quickly gain access to the patient B) observe the scene for safety hazards C) determine if additional units are needed D) carefully assess the mechanism of injury
B
It is 10:30 PM and you have requested air medical transport for a critically injured patient. When you arrive at the designated landing zone, you should: A) mark the proposed landing area with road flares B) survey the area for power lines or other hazards C) provide the flight crew with a patient status update D) mark the landing site using personnel with flashlights
B
Once entry and access to the patient has been provided, you should: A) allow extrication to commence B) perform a primary assessment C) administer high flow oxygen D) begin treating his or her injuries
B
Situational awareness is MOST accurately defined as: A) an ongoing process of information gathering and scene evaluation to determine appropriate strategies and tactics B) the ability to recognize any possible issues once you arrive at the scene and act proactively to avoid a negative impact C) predicting the presence of certain hazards at the scene after receiving initial information from the dispatcher D) performing an initial scan of the scene to identify hazards that will pose an immediate threat to you and your crew
B
The least harmful form of ionizing radiation is: A) beta B) alpha C) gamma D) neutron
B
The purpose of the incident command system (ICS) is to: A) Reduce overall mortality and morbidity from large-scale, mass-casualty incidents and to restore key infrastructure B) ensure responder and public safety, achieve incident management goals, and ensure the effective use of resources C) quickly and efficiently respond to natural disasters and terrorist incidents, regardless of the complexity of the incident D) protect the public from the effects of large and small-scale disasters and to minimize the financial impact from such incidents
B
To evaluate hazards present at the scene and determine the number of patients, you should: A) request the fire department at all scenes B) perform a 360 walkaround of the scene C) use the information provided by dispatch D) interview bystanders present at the scene
B
Trench collapses usually involve large areas of falling dirt that weigh approximately _______ per cubic foot. A) 50lbs B) 100lbs C) 150lbs D) 200lbs
B
Unlike viruses and bacteria, neurotoxins: A) cause high fever B) are not contagious C) cause skin blistering D) have a slow onset of symptoms
B
Upon returning to your station following a run, you should disinfect the ambulance as needed. Disinfection is MOST accurately defined as: A) using heat as a means of removing all microbial contaminants B) killing pathogenic agents with a chemical made for that purpose C) removing dirt, dust, blood, or other grossly visible contaminants D) destroying pathogenic agents by using potent disinfection means
B
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), such as Ebola, cause the blood to: A) become thick and spontaneously clot B) seep out of the blood vessels and tissues C) attack the bone marrow and destroy cells D) engorge the brain and cause hemorrhaging
B
When victims involved in a multiple-casualty incident are moved to the treatment area: A) definitive care is provided and preparations for transport will be made B) secondary triage is performed, and the appropriate treatment is rendered C) they will be rapidly assessed and prioritized according to their injuries D) all uninjured patients are placed in a holding area and closely observed
B
Which of the following statements regarding a "dirty bomb" is correct? A) the effectiveness of a dirty bomb is solely dependent on the amount of alpha radiation that it emits B) dirty bombs could injure victims with both radioactive material and are the explosive material used to deliver it C) dirty bombs contain significant amounts of radioactive material and are capable of being delivered via a missile D) the dirty bomb, because of its ability to cause massive damage over a large geographic area, is an effective WMD
B
Which of the following statements regarding hazardous materials is correct? A) Most hazardous materials are odorless and colorless, even when a substantial leak or spill has occurred B) some substances are not hazardous by themselves but become toxic when mixed with another chemical C) identifying the presence of a hazardous material is generally very easy because of the consistent use of placards D) a package or truck need only contain small quantities of a hazardous chemical before it must bear a placard or label
B
Which of the following statements regarding trench rescue is correct? A) rescue vehicles should park at least 250' from the scene B) ground vibration is a primary cause of a secondary collapse C) a trench less than 15' deep usually does not require shoring D) most deaths involving cave-ins are caused by head injury
B
You are assessing a 30-year-old female who presents with respiratory distress and tachycardia after she opened a package that was delivered to her home. The patient tells you that there was a fine white powder on the package, but she did not think it was important. This patient has most likely been exposed to: A) ebola B) anthrax C) botulinum D) a neurotoxin
B
You are attempting to gain access to a patient who was injured when his truck struck another vehicle from behind. The patient is conscious and alert but is screaming in pain. You try to open the door, but it is locked. You should: A) Break the window and unlock the door B) Ask the patient if he can unlock the door C) Request the rescue team to extricate him D) use a pry bar to attempt to open the door
B
characteristics of a safe ambulance operator include: A) the ability to operate an ambulance at a high rate of speed B) a positive attitude about the ability to tolerate other drivers C) realizing that lights and sirens will be effective traffic tools D) an offensive attitude about driving during an emergency call
B
A medical transport helicopter is incoming and you are responsible for setting up the landing zone (LZ). You should: A) use yellow caution tape to mark off the LZ perimeter B) ask bystanders to stand at all four corners of the LZ C) use weighted cones to mark all four corners of the LZ D) place four flares 100 feet apart in an "X" pattern
C
When removing a critically injured patient from his or her vehicle, you should: A) remove him or her using a short backboard B) move him or her in one fast, continuous step C) protect the cervical spine during the entire process D) release c-spine control to facilitate rapid removal
C
Which of the following activities occur in the warm zone? A) command B) personnel staging C) decontamination D) medical monitoring
C
Which of the following chemicals requires identification with a placard, regardless of how many pounds the shipment weighs? A) air-reactive solids B) flammable liquids C) water-reactive solids D) nonflammable gases
C
Which of the following regarding anthrax is correct? A) anthrax is a deadly virus that replicates B) cutaneous anthrax has a 90% mortality rate C) pulmonary anthrax is the deadliest form D) there is presently no vaccine against anthrax
C
You are approaching an overturned tanker truck to assess the driver, who appears to be unresponsive. As you get closer to the vehicle, you note the smell of noxious fumes and find that you are in the midst of a vapor cloud. What should you do? A) remain where you are and perform a visual assessment of the patient B) cover your face with your shirt and quickly extricate the injured driver C) Exit the area immediately and gather information for the hazmat team D) realize that you are in the danger zone and prevent others from entering
C
You have a critically injured patient in the back of your ambulance, ready to be transported. There are other injured patients at the scene and it will be approximately 10 minutes before other ambulances will arrive. Law enforcement personnel are at the scene. You should: A) transport the critically injured patient to a trauma center B) direct a police officer to monitor the patients as you transport C) remain at the scene until at least one other ambulance arrives D) assign the least injured patient the task of caring for the others
C
A 19-year-old female has just been extricated from her severely damaged car. She is on a long backboard and has been moved to a place of safety. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a rapid assessment. The patient is unresponsive, has slow and shallow respirations, and has bilaterally closed femur deformities. You should: A) stabilize her legs with long board splints B) apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask C) obtain baseline vital signs and transport at once D) direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance
D
A patient who has experienced a back injury, with or without spinal cord damage, would be triaged with a _________ tag during a mass-casualty incidient. A) red B) green C) black D) yellow
D
A unique consideration when dealing with a hybrid vehicle is that: A) you must locate the ignition switch and cut it to prevent a fire B) cutting the battery cables often result in an explosion or fire C) rescue teams should disconnect the positive battery cable first D) the battery has higher voltage than a traditional vehicle battery
D
After eating at a local restaurant, a 20-year-old male complains of blurred vision, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing. He is conscious; however, his respirations are profoundly labored and producing minimal tidal volume. You should: A) apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask B) position him supine and elevate his legs C) request a paramedic to administer atropine D) Assist his ventilations with high-flow oxygen
D
Cross-contamination occurs when: A) an EMT provides care to a victim after the victim has been decontaminated B) two EMTs are exposed to the same agent after being decontaminated C) an EMT has direct contact with a chemical agent at a terrorist incident D) an EMT is exposed to a victim who has not yet been decontaminated
D
Delivering a patient to the hospital involves all of the following activities, EXCEPT: A) completing a detailed written report B) informing the dispatcher of your arrival C) restocking any disposable items you used D) giving a verbal report to the triage clerk
D
Historically, the weak point at most major incidents has been: A) accountability B) lack of personnel C) incident briefing D) communication
D
In general, medevac helicopters should be utilized when: A) ground transport would leave your service area without an ambulance for greater than 30 minutes B) ground transport to the hospital exceeds 30 to 45 minutes, even if the patient's present condition is stable C) a patient has been in cardiac arrest for more than 15 minutes and has not responded to CPR and defibrillation D) a patient has a time dependent injury or illness, and traffic conditions would cause a significant delay in definitive care
D
Interoperability, an important feature of the NIMS, refers to the ability of: A) the federal government to intervene during any large or small scale incident involving terrorism B) EMS systems and fire departments in the same jurisdiction to effectively work as a team C) county and state law enforcement agencies to acquire information and pass it along to EMS personnel D) agencies of different types or from different jurisdictions to communicate with each other
D
Maintaining a cushion of safety when operating an ambulance means: A) remaining in the far right hand lane when transporting a critical patient and refraining from passing other motorists on the left side B) driving at the posted speed limit, regardless of the patient's condition, and routinely using your lights and siren when driving on a freeway C) driving about 2 or 3 seconds behind any vehicles in front of you and exceeding the posted speed limit by no more than 20 to 25 mph D) keeping a safe distance between your ambulance and the vehicles in front of you and remaining aware of vehicles potentially hiding in your mirrors blind spots
D
The EMTs role at the scene of a search and rescue attempt is to: A) accompany search team members and provide care B) direct the search effort from a centralized location C) report to a location where the patient will be carried D) stand by at the command post until the person is located
D
The ____________ supervisor is responsible for notifying area hospitals and determining their availability and capabilities. A) triage B) medical C) treatment D) transportation
D
The process performed to artificially maximize the target population's exposure to a biologic agent, thereby exposing the greatest number of people and achieving the desired result, is called: A) potentiation B) alkalization C) dissemination D) weaponization
D
The reference used as a base for your initial actions at a HazMat incident is/are: A) the bill of lading B) your local EMS protocols C) the material safety data sheet (MSDS) D) the Emergency Response Guidebook
D
The skin lesions associated with smallpox: A) initially form on the lower trunk B) are of different shapes and sizes C) develop early during the disease D) are identical in their development
D
When transporting a patient to the hospital, you should: A) generally exceed the posted speed limit by 10 to 20 mph B) place the patient on a long backboard, even if no trauma is involved C) secure the patient to the ambulance stretcher with at least two straps D) be safe and get the patient to the hospital in the shortest practical time
D
Which of the following duties or responsibilities does not fall within the realm of the medical branch of the incident command system? A) triage B) transport C) treatment D) extrication
D
Which of the following statements regarding the rapid extrication technique is correct? A) the only indication for performing rapid extrication is if the patient is not entrapped and is in cardiac arrest B) rapid extrication involves the use of heavy equipment to disentangle a patient from his or her crashed vehicle C) it involves rapidly removing a patient from his or her vehicle after immobilizing him or her with a short backboard D) rapid extrication is indicated if the scene is unsafe and the patient is not entrapped in his or her vehicle
D
While en route to a call for a patient in cardiac arrest, you approach a stopped school bus with its red warning lights flashing. You should: A) pass the bus only after all the children have exited B) back up and take an alternate route to the scene C) slowly and carefully pass the bus on the left side D) stop and wait until the warning lights stop flashing
D
You are en route to an emergency call when you approach a slow-moving vehicle on a two-way road. You can see oncoming traffic in the other lane. The driver has his windows up and does not realize that you are behind him. You should: A) use your public address system to alert the driver B) quickly pass the vehicle on the left side C) pass the driver on the right hand shoulder D) remain at a safe distance until it is safe to pass
D
You are triaging patients at the scene of a multiple vehicle crash when you encounter a young male who is unresponsive and is not breathing. After you open his airway, he begins to breathe at a rapid rate. According to the START triage system, you should: A) assist his ventilations with a bag valve mask and perform a rapid scan of his entire body B) move him to the treatment area so he can receive a more comprehensive assessment of his status C) move to the other patients but reassess him in 5 minutes to determine if he is still breathing D) tag him as immediate (red), place him in the recovery position, and move to the next patient
D
Your primary concern when arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash is: A) gaining access to the patient(s) B) requesting additional resources C) immediately beginning triage D) surveying the area for hazards
D
You are standing by at the scene of a hostage situation when the incident commander advises you that one of his personnel has been shot. The patient is lying supine in an open area and is not moving. As the SWAT team escorts you to the patient, you should: A) limit your primary assessment to airway and breathing only B) treat only critical injuries before moving him to a safe place C) grab him by the clothes and immediately move him to safety D) perform a rapid assessment and move him to a place of safety
c
As you and your team are removing an unconscious patient from her wrecked car, you note that she has closed deformities to both of her legs and a deformity to her left humerus. You should: A) realign the deformed extremities before continuing B) splint the deformities before moving her any further C) support the injured extremities and continue removal D) assess distal neurovascular functions in her extremities
C
Common activities that occur while you and your partner are en route to the scene of an emergency call include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) assigning tasks to each member of the response team B) obtaining additional information from the dispatcher C) apprising the medical director of the nature of the call D) fastening your seat belts before the ambulance departs
C
During the transport phase of an ambulance call, it is MOST important to: A) reassess the patient only if he or she deteriorates B) reassess unstable patients at least every 15 minutes C) converse with the patient and provide reassurance D) complete the run from before arrival at the hospital
C
Points of distribution (PODs) are strategically placed facilities where: A) weapons of mass destruction are distributed B) chemical and biologic weapons are stockpiled C) antidotes, antibiotics, and vaccines are distributed D) chemical weapons are manufactured and distributed
C
The _______ area is where incoming ambulances meet and await further instructions at the scene of a multiple casualty incident. A) triage B) support C) staging D) transportation
C
The least practical place to store a portable oxygen cylinder is: A) inside the jump kit B) near the side or rear door C) in the driver's compartment D) on the ambulance stretcher
C
The type and severity of wounds sustained from incendiary and explosive devices primarily depend on: A) type of material used to manufacture the device B) pressure that is generated from the explosion itself C) patient's distance from the epicenter of the explosion D) size of the structure that was involved in the explosion
C
Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you can see three patients, one who is entrapped in his car and two who have been ejected from their vehicle. You should: A) begin triage to determine injury severity B) call medical control for further direction C) immediately request additional resources D) request law enforcement for traffic control
C
When determining the exact location and position of the patient(s) in a wrecked vehicle, you and your team should routinely consider all of the following, except: A) the position of the crashed vehicle B) hazards that pose a risk to rescuers C) the make and model of the vehicle D) the possibility of vehicle instability
C
When functioning at the scene of a motor vehicle crash in which a patient will require complex extrication, you should enter the vehicle and provide care to the patient: A) only if the patient has experienced a major injury B) after rescue personnel have cut the battery cables C) after receiving approval from the incident commander D) only after you believe the vehicle has been stabilized
C
When introduced into the body, ricin causes: A) intestinal obstruction and severe sepsis B) enlarged lymph nodes and extreme pain C) pulmonary edema and circulatory failure D) necrosis of muscle tissue and cell destruction
C
