Chapter 38:, GI, safety, 309 Quiz 4

A client says, "I take baking soda in water when I get heartburn." The nurse suggests an antacid containing aluminum and magnesium hydroxide instead of baking soda. What is the advantage these antacids have over baking soda? 1.They contain little, if any, sodium. 2.Absorption by the stomach mucosa is markedly enhanced. 3.There is no direct effect on the systemic acid-base balance when taken as directed. 4.Fewer side effects, such as diarrhea or constipation, are experienced when they are used properly.

3.There is no direct effect on the systemic acid-base balance when taken as directed.

Famotidine (Pepcid) is prescribed for a client with peptic ulcer disease. The client asks the nurse what this medication does. The nurse responds, "It: 1.Increases gastric motility. 2.Neutralizes gastric acidity. 3.Facilitates histamine release. 4.Inhibits gastric acid secretion

4.Inhibits gastric acid secretion

A client who recently immigrated to the United States has a chronic vitamin A deficiency. What information about vitamin A should the nurse consider when assessing this client for clinical indicators of this deficiency? 1.Vitamin A is an integral part of the retina's pigment called melanin. 2.It is a component of the rods and cones, which control color visualization. 3.Vitamin A is the material in the cornea that prevents the formation of cataracts. 4.It is a necessary element of rhodopsin, which controls responses to light and dark environments

4.It is a necessary element of rhodopsin, which controls responses to light and dark environments

A nurse is assisting a health care provider to perform a sigmoidoscopy. In which position should the nurse place the client for this procedure? 1.Sims 2.Prone 3.Lithotomy 4.Knee-chest

4.Knee-chest

Dexamethasone

A pregnant client at 30 weeks' gestation begins to experience contractions every 5 to 7 minutes. She is admitted with a diagnosis of preterm labor. Although the client is being given tocolytic therapy, her cervix continues to dilate, and it is determined that a preterm birth is inevitable. Which medication does the nurse expect the primary healthcare provider to prescribe?

The nurse is caring for a client on the medical-surgical unit who suddenly becomes unresponsive and has no pulse. The cardiac monitor shows the rhythm below:After calling for assistance and a defibrillator, which action should the nurse take next? a.Perform a pericardial thump. b.Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). c.Start an 18-gauge intravenous line. d.Ask the client's family about code status.

ANS: b

A nurse is caring for four clients. Which client should the nurse assess first? a.Client with an acute myocardial infarction, pulse 102 beats/min b.Client who is 1 hour post angioplasty, has tongue swelling and anxiety c.Client who is post coronary artery bypass, chest tube drained 100 mL/hr d.Client who is post coronary artery bypass, potassium 4.2 mEq/L

ANS:BThe post-angioplasty client with tongue swelling and anxiety is exhibiting manifestations of an allergic reaction that could progress to anaphylaxis. The nurse should assess this client first. The client with a heart rate of 102 beats/min may have increased oxygen demands but is just over the normal limit for heart rate. The two post coronary artery bypass clients are stable.DIF:Analyzing/AnalysisREF:774KEY:Coronary artery disease| critical rescue| medical emergencies| hypersensitivities| allergic reactionMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AnalysisNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

A client is in the hospital after suffering a myocardial infarction and has bathroom privileges. The nurse assists the client to the bathroom and notes the client's O2 saturation to be 95%, pulse 88 beats/min, and respiratory rate 16 breaths/min after returning to bed. Whataction by the nurse is best? a.Administer oxygen at 2 L/min. b.Allow continued bathroom privileges. c.Obtain a bedside commode. d.Suggest the client use a bedpan.

ANS:BThis client's physiologic parameters did not exceed normal during and after activity, so it is safe for the client to continue using the bathroom. There is no indication that the client needsoxygen, a commode, or a bedpan.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:769KEY:Coronary artery disease| activity intolerance| vital signs| nursing assessmentMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AssessmentNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

A client has an intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring line. The nurse notes bright red blood on the client's sheets. What action should the nurse perform first? a.Assess the insertion site. b.Change the client's sheets. c.Put on a pair of gloves. d.Assess blood pressure.

ANS:CFor the nurse's safety, he or she should put on a pair of gloves to prevent blood exposure. The other actions are appropriate as well, but first the nurse must don a pair of gloves. DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:771KEY:Standard Precautions| infection control| intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring| staffsafetyMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: ImplementationNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

foxglove azalea plum

The nurse is educating the parents of a preschooler on various poisonous plants that children may be exposed to. Which plants does the nurse mention as poisonous? Select all that apply.

Checking for residual stomach contents

The nurse is preparing to administer a nasogastric tube feeding to a client via infusion pump. What is the most important assessment the nurse needs to perform before beginning the pump?

Teratogenic drugs act during all periods of gestation

Which statement regarding a teratogenic drug is incorrect

1. which information obtained by the nurse is most likely to influence Natalie's perception of her pain? a) Natalie's younger child is an infant who feeds every three hours b) Natalie's 4-year-old enjoys being the "big brother" to his baby sister c) Natalie was a first grade teacher before having children but now stays home d) Natalie's parents live in the same neighborhood and often help with the children

a

20. to ensure that the(guided imagery) exercise is most effective, what action should the nurse implement? a) help the client cross her legs in a semi-yoga position b) encourage the client to lie down rather than sit in a chair c) include as many sensory images as possible in the experience d) suggest that an image involving water may be more restful

c

Family members are encouraging your client to "tough out the pain" rather than risk drug addiction to narcotics. The client is stoically abiding. You recognize that the sociocultural dimension of pain is the current priority for the client. Which question will you ask? a) "Where is the pain located, and does it radiate to other parts of your body?" b) "How would you describe the pain, and how is it affecting you?" c) "What do you believe about pain medication and drug addiction?" d) "How is the pain affecting your activity level and your ability to function?" e) "What information do you need about pain, healing, and addiction?"

c

A client is scheduled for ligation of hemorrhoids. Which diet does the nurse expect to be prescribed in preparation for this surgery? 1 Bland 2 Clear liquid 3 High-protein 4.Low-residue

4.Low-residue

Have the potential for physiologic and psychological dependence

An antianxiety medication is prescribed for an extremely anxious client. The client says, "I'm afraid to take this medication because I heard they're addictive." The nurse teaches the client that antianxiety medications have what properties?

189. a client reports severe pain 2 days after surgery. Which INITIAL action should the nurse take after assessing the character of pain? a) encourage rest b) obtain the vital signs c) administer the prn analgesic d) document the client's pain response

b

The client belongs to class III

The nurse finds a green triage tag on a client. What does the nurse infer from this finding

call poison control

The parent of a 2-year-old calls a nurse who is a neighbor and reports that the child just ate several multivitamins with iron. What should the nurse say to the parent?

22. when is the best time to teach Natalie about the use of the PCA? a)the day before the surgery is scheduled b) while she is in the post-anesthesia care unit c) when she is in pain and wants to learn how to obtain relief d) after receiving a dose of medication from the PCA pump

a

When an analgesic is titrated to manage pain, what is the priority goal? a) Titrate to the smallest dose that provides relief with the fewest side effects. b) Titrate upward until the client is pain free. c) Titrate downward to prevent toxicity. d) Titrate to a dosage that is adequate to meet the client's subjective needs.

a

23. what is the total dosage of morphine that Natalie has received in the last 4 hours? (0.5mg/hour, and demand doses of 1mg/6min <hourly limit of 10mg>)(Natalie had 4 demand doses each hour for the last 4 hours) a) 6mg b) 10mg c) 18mg d) 40mg

c

14. what characteristic of scheduled drugs results in the need for these specific protocols? a) large doses can be fatal b) respiratory depression can occur c) there is a high potential for abuse d) tolerance develops with repeated use

c

19. once the needle is inserted in the skin, what intervention should the nurse perform? (select all that apply) a) observe for a small bleb around the tip of the needle b) place a small sterile gauze pad close to the insertion site c) slowly inject the medication into the muscle mass d) follow the facility policy regarding aspiration of IM injection

c,d

A client develops peritonitis and sepsis after the surgical repair of a ruptured diverticulum. What signs should the nurse expect when assessing the client? (Select all that apply.) 1.Fever 2.Tachypnea 3.Hypertension 4.Abdominal rigidity 5.Increased bowel sounds

1.Fever 2.Tachypnea 4.Abdominal rigidity

A nurse is caring for a client who had a gastroscopy. What response indicates a major concern associated with this surgery? 1.Projectile vomiting 2.Increased gastrointestinal (GI) motility 3.Abdominal distention 4.Difficulty swallowing

3.Abdominal distention

A nurse administers prescribed adenosine (Adenocard) to a client. Which response should the nurse assess for as the expected therapeutic response? a.Decreased intraocular pressure b.Increased heart rate c.Short period of asystoled d.Hypertensive crisis

ANS:CClients usually respond to adenosine with a short period of asystole, bradycardia, hypotension, dyspnea, and chest pain. Adenosine has no conclusive impact on intraocular pressure.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:662KEY:Cardiac electrical conduction| medicationMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AnalysisNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

To help prevent long-term complications associated with gastric bypass surgery, the nurse needs to educate the client. Identify the factors that should be included in the nurse's teaching plan for this client. (Select all that apply.) 1.Eat foods rich in calcium. 2.Ingest three small feedings daily. 3.Limit fluids to 1500 mL daily. 4.Consume a diet high in protein. 5.Receive vitamin B12 injections routinely

1.Eat foods rich in calcium. 4.Consume a diet high in protein. 5.Receive vitamin B12 injections routinely

A nurse is preparing to administer a nasogastric tube feeding. List the steps of the procedure in the order in which they should be performed. 1.Verify the solution to be administered. 2.Wash the hands 3.Document the client's response to the procedure 4.Aspirate the contents of the stomach. 5.Instill the prescribed solution.

1.Wash the hands 2.Verify the solution to be administered. 3.Aspirate the contents of the stomach. 4.Instill the prescribed solution 5.Document the client's response to the procedure

Which interventions should the nurse anticipate will be prescribed initially for a client who had a hemorrhoidectomy? (Select all that apply.) 1.Giving an enema 2.Applying moist heat 3.Administering stool softeners 4.Encouraging showers as needed 5.Providing occlusive dressings to the area

2.Applying moist heat 3.Administering stool softeners

A client with Crohn's disease is admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain, fever, poor skin turgor, and diarrhea, with 10 stools in the past 24 hours. Which signs are evidence that the client probably is dehydrated? (Select all that apply.) 1.Moist skin 2.Sunken eyes 3.Decreased apical pulse 4.Dry mucous membranes 5.Increased blood pressure

2.Sunken eyes 4.Dry mucous membranes

Clay-colored stools

A client is diagnosed with hepatitis A. The nurse provides the client with information about untoward signs and symptoms related to hepatitis. The nurse instructs the client to contact the primary healthcare provider if the client develops what symptom?

Priority upon arrival Interaction with caregivers Priority per process of care Priority according to location

A local emergency department (ED) recently implemented an automated tracking system for triage during mass casualty incidents (MCIs). Which items can the nurse track using this system? Select all that apply.

Constant one-on-one supervision

A nurse is caring for a client admitted to a mental health unit because of suicidal ideation. Which intervention provides the greatest safety for this client?

blurred vision

A nurse is providing discharge instructions about digoxin. Which response should a nurse include as a reason for a client to withhold the digoxin?

Watching cartoon videos and listening to stories

A nurse on the pediatric unit is planning recreational activities for a 4-year-old with an exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome. What are the most appropriate activities in light of the child's developmental level and physical status?

A client undergoing hemodynamic monitoring after a myocardial infarction has a right atrialpressure of 0.5 mm Hg. What action by the nurse is most appropriate? a.Level the transducer at the phlebostatic axis. b.Lay the client in the supine position. c.Prepare to administer diuretics. d.Prepare to administer a fluid bolus.

ANS:DNormal right atrial pressures are from 1 to 8 mm Hg. Lower pressures usually indicate hypovolemia, so the nurse should prepare to administer a fluid bolus. The transducer should remain leveled at the phlebostatic axis. Positioning may or may not influence readings. Diuretics would be contraindicated. MSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: ImplementationNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

I am glad that I only have to take the medication once a day.

Immediately after a bilateral adrenalectomy a client is receiving corticosteroids that are to be continued after discharge from the hospital. Which statement by the client indicates to the nurse that additional education is needed?

Near misses in health care are used to improve care.

In an agency with a culture of safety, when an error or patient safety issue is identified, the individual who reports the problem knows which information?

assess respiratory status

The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous piggyback antibiotic that has been newly prescribed. Shortly after initiation, the client becomes restless and flushed and begins to wheeze. The nurse determines the that appropriate priority action will be to stop the antibiotic infusion and then do what?

Drink only bottled water

Which instruction should the nurse provide the client who is concerned about contracting amoebic dysentery during foreign travel?

penicillin g

Which is the preferred drug of choice for the treatment of syphilis in a pregnant adolescent?

Red

Which tag is suitable for a client with high priority during a disaster with mass casualties?

In the care of clients with pain and discomfort, which task is most appropriate to delegate to the UAP? a) Assisting the client with preparation of a sitz bath b) Monitoring the client for signs of discomfort while ambulating c) Coaching the client to deep breathe during painful procedures d) Evaluating relief after applying a cold compress

a

25. the nurse assesses Natalie's pain and determines that the evaluation of her use of the PCA pump is correct. Natalie's pain has lessened, and she no longer needs any demand doses of morphine. The nurse consults with the surgeon, and the morphine is discontinued. Natalie's new prescription is for hydrocodone/acetaminophen. What is the rationale for combing these two ingredients? a) the antagonistic effect of the two medications reduces the risk for adverse effects b) the synergistic effect of the two medications improves pain control c) the combination effect decreases the risk for significant allergic reactions d) the equianalgesic effect allows each medication to work more efficiently

b

193. a client with an inflamed sciatic nerve is to have a conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) device applied to the painful nerve pathway. When operating the TENS unit, which nursing action is appropriate? a) maintain the settings programmed by the health care provider b) turn the machine on several times a day for ten to twenty minutes c) adjust the dial on the unit until the client states the pain is releived d) apply the color-coded electrodes on the client where they are most comfortable

c

7. Which medication should the nurse suggest as a common NSAID? a) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) b) Alprazolam (Xanax) c) Calcium Carbonate (Tums) d) Ibuprofen (Motrin)

d

Don an N95 respirator mask before entering the room

A client is admitted to the hospital with a tentative diagnosis of infectious pulmonary tuberculosis. What infection control measures should the nurse take?

furosemide

A client is admitted to the intensive care unit with acute pulmonary edema. Which diuretic does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed?

A client is admitted via the emergency department with the tentative diagnosis of diverticulitis. Which test commonly is prescribed to assess for this problem? 1.Computed tomography (CT) scan 2.Gastroscopy 3.Colonoscopy 4.Barium enema

1.Computed tomography (CT) scan

A client who had surgery for a ruptured appendix develops peritonitis. What clinical findings related to peritonitis should the nurse expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.) 1.Fever 2.Hyperactivity 3.Extreme hunger 4.Urinary retention 5.Abdominal muscle rigidity

1.Fever 5.Abdominal muscle rigidity

When performing the initial history and physical examination of a client with a tentative diagnosis of peptic ulcer, the nurse expects the client to describe the pain as: 1.Gnawing epigastric pain or boring pain in the back 2.Located in the right shoulder and preceded by nausea 3.Sudden, sharp abdominal pain, increasing in intensity 4.Heartburn and substernal discomfort when lying down

1.Gnawing epigastric pain or boring pain in the back

A client is admitted with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. For which clinical manifestations should a nurse assess the client? (Select all that apply.) 1.Jaundice 2.Acute pain 3.Hypertension 4.Hypoglycemia 5.Increased amylase

1.Jaundice 2.Acute pain 5.Increased amylase

Discharge instructions for the client diagnosed with cirrhosis with varices should include information about the importance of: (Select all that apply.) 1.Adhering to a low carbohydrate diet 2.Avoiding aspirin and aspirin containing products 3.Limiting alcohol consumption to two drinks weekly 4.Avoiding acetaminophen and products containing acetaminophen 5.Avoiding coughing, sneezing, and straining to have a bowel movement

2.Avoiding aspirin and aspirin containing products 4.Avoiding acetaminophen and products containing acetaminophen 5.Avoiding coughing, sneezing, and straining to have a bowel movement

A nurse is planning a community health program about screening for cancer. Which information recommended by the American Cancer Society (ACS) should the nurse include? 1.Mammography should be performed annually after age 35 years for women. 2.Fecal occult blood testing should be performed yearly beginning at age 50 years. 3.Breast self-examination should be performed monthly beginning at age 30 years. 4.Digital rectal exams and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) testing should be done yearly after age 40 for men

2.Fecal occult blood testing should be performed yearly beginning at age 50 years.

Steroid therapy is prescribed for a client with an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. The nurse evaluates that teaching is effective when the client says, "I should take this medicine: 1.At bedtime with a snack." 2.In the early morning with food." 3.One hour before or two hours after eating." 4.By dividing it into equal parts for each meal."

2.In the early morning with food."

A client follows a vegetarian diet and must compensate for the lack of vitamin B12 found in food of animal origin. Which food should the nurse encourage the client to consume each day? 1.One orange 2.One glass of soy milk 3.Two handfuls of nuts 4.Two servings of green vegetables

2.One glass of soy milk

A nurse is assisting a client to plan a therapeutic diet that is high in vitamin C. What excellent sources of vitamin C should be included in the plan? (Select all that apply.) 1. Lettuce 2.Oranges 3.Broccoli 4.Apricots 5.Strawberries

2.Oranges 3.Broccoli 5.Strawberries

A client with a history of alcoholism and cirrhosis is admitted with severe dyspnea as a result of ascites. The nurse concludes that the ascites is most likely the result of increased: 1.Secretion of bile salts 2.Pressure in the portal vein 3.Interstitial osmotic pressure 4.Production of serum albumin

2.Pressure in the portal vein

A nurse is teaching a group of adults about the signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer. What is the most common clinical manifestation that the nurse should include in the teaching program? 1.Rectal bleeding 2.Abdominal pain 3.Change in bowel habits 4.Alteration in caliber of stools

3.Change in bowel habits

A nurse is evaluating a client who has been receiving medical intervention for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Which expected outcome is most important for this client? 1.Does skin care 2.Takes oral fluids 3.Gains a half pound per week 4.Experiences less abdominal cramping

3.Gains a half pound per week

During a client's paracentesis, 1500 mL of fluid is removed. The nurse monitors the client for which sign of a potentially severe response? 1.Abdominal girth decrease 2.Mucous membranes becoming drier 3.Heart rate increases from 80 to 135 4.Blood pressure rises from 130/70 to 190/80

3.Heart rate increases from 80 to 135

A client has circumgastric banding, a bariatric surgical procedure. The nurse provides discharge teaching about signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome and includes what physiological response? 1.Fever 2.Vomiting 3.Palpitations 4.Constipation

3.Palpitations

The menu for a client with malabsorption syndrome must be limited because of a sensitivity to gluten. Which foods cannot be served to this client? (Select all that apply.) 1.Cheese omelet 2.Creamed spinach 3.Roast beef sandwich 4.Chicken noodle soup 5.Spaghetti and meatballs

3.Roast beef sandwich 4.Chicken noodle soup 5.Spaghetti and meatballs

A client diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being treated with antacid therapy. When teaching the client about the therapy, the nurse reinforces that antacid tablets: 1.Are as effective as the liquid form 2.Should be taken one hour before meals 3.Should be taken only at four-hour intervals 4.Are known to interfere with the absorption of other drugs

4.Are known to interfere with the absorption of other drugs

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and alcoholism. The client asks, "What does my drinking have to do with my diagnosis?" What effect of alcohol should the nurse include when responding? 1.Promotes the formation of calculi in the cystic duct 2.Stimulates the pancreas to secrete more insulin than it can immediately produce 3.Alters the composition of enzymes so they are capable of damaging the pancreas 4.Increases enzyme secretion and pancreatic duct pressure that causes backflow of enzymes into the pancreas

4.Increases enzyme secretion and pancreatic duct pressure that causes backflow of enzymes into the pancreas

offer pacifier

A 4-month-old infant is on nothing-by-mouth status in preparation for surgery. What should the nurse do when the infant starts crying?

For short periods in the prone position

A client returns from surgery after a right below-the-knee amputation with the residual limb elevated on a pillow to prevent edema. In which position should the nurse place the client after the first postoperative day?

Immediately contact the primary healthcare provider

A client with a history of hemoptysis and cough for the last six months is suspected of having lung cancer. A bronchoscopy is performed. Two hours after the procedure the nurse identifies an increase in the amount of bloody sputum. What is the nurse's priority?

Rapid, thready pulse

A client with ascites has a paracentesis, and 1500 mL of fluid is removed. For which immediate response is it most important for the nurse to monitor?

13.A nurse prepares to discharge a client with cardiac dysrhythmia who is prescribed home health care services. Which priority information should be communicated to the home healthnurse upon discharge? a.Medication reconciliation b.Immunization history c.Religious beliefs d.Nutrition preferences

ANS:AThe home health nurse needs to know current medications the client is taking to ensure assessment, evaluation, and further education related to these medications. The other information will not assist the nurse to develop a plan of care for the client.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:673KEY:Hand-off communicationMSC:Integrated Process: Communication and DocumentationNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

An emergency room nurse assesses a female client. Which assessment findings should alert the nurse to request a prescription for an electrocardiogram?(Select all that apply.) a.Hypertension b.Fatigue despite adequate rest c.Indigestion d.Abdominal pain e.Shortness of breath

ANS:B, C, EWomen may not have chest pain with myocardial infarction, but may feel discomfort or indigestion. They often present with a triad of symptoms—indigestion or feeling of abdominal fullness, feeling of chronic fatigue despite adequate rest, and feeling unable to catch their breath. Frequently, women are not diagnosed and therefore are not treated adequately. Hypertension and abdominal pain are not associated with acute coronary syndrome.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:635KEY:Cardiac electrical conductionMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AssessmentNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

A nurse evaluates prescriptions for a client with chronic atrial fibrillation. Which medicationshould the nurse expect to find on this client's medication administration record to prevent a common complication of this condition? a.Sotalol (Betapace) b.Warfarin (Coumadin) c.Atropine (Sal-Tropine) d.Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

ANS:BAtrial fibrillation puts clients at risk for developing emboli. Clients at risk for emboli are treated with anticoagulants, such as heparin, enoxaparin, or warfarin. Sotalol, atropine, and lidocaine are not appropriate for this complication.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:667KEY:Cardiac electrical conduction| medicationMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AnalysisNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

A nurse assesses a client with atrial fibrillation. Which manifestation should alert the nurse to the possibility of a serious complication from this condition? a.Sinus tachycardia b.Speech alterations c.Fatigue d.Dyspnea with activity

ANS:BClients with atrial fibrillation are at risk for embolic stroke. Evidence of embolic events includes changes in mentation, speech, sensory function, and motor function. Clients with atrial fibrillation often have a rapid ventricular response as a result. Fatigue is a nonspecific complaint. Clients with atrial fibrillation often have dyspnea as a result of the decreased cardiac output caused by the rhythm disturbance.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:666KEY:Cardiac electrical conduction| vascular perfusionMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AssessmentNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

A home health care nurse is visiting an older client who lives alone after being discharged from the hospital after a coronary artery bypass graft. What finding in the home most causesthe nurse to consider additional referrals? a.Dirty carpets in need of vacuuming b.Expired food in the refrigerator c.Old medications in the kitchen d.Several cats present in the home

ANS:BExpired food in the refrigerator demonstrates a safety concern for the client and a possible lack of money to buy food. The nurse can consider a referral to Meals on Wheels or another home-based food program. Dirty carpets may indicate the client has no household help and is waiting for clearance to vacuum. Old medications can be managed by the home health care nurse and the client working collaboratively. Having pets is not a cause for concern.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:781KEY:Home safety| referrals| coronary artery bypass graftMSC:Integrated Process: Communication and DocumentationNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

The nurse is caring for a client with a chest tube after a coronary artery bypass graft. The drainage slows significantly. What action by the nurse is most important? a.Increase the setting on the suction. b.Notify the provider immediately. c.Re-position the chest tube. d.Take the tubing apart to assess for clots.

ANS:BIf the drainage in the chest tube decreases significantly and dramatically, the tube may be blocked by a clot. This could lead to cardiac tamponade. The nurse should notify the provider immediately. The nurse should not independently increase the suction, re-position the chest tube, or take the tubing apart.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:778KEY:Coronary artery bypass graft| critical rescue| chest tubes| cardiovascular systemMSC:Integrated Process: Communication and DocumentationNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

A nurse cares for a client with an intravenous temporary pacemaker for bradycardia. The nurse observes the presence of a pacing spike but no QRS complex on the client's electrocardiogram. Which action should the nurse take next? a.Administer intravenous diltiazem (Cardizem). b.Assess vital signs and level of consciousness. c.Administer sublingual nitroglycerin. d.Assess capillary refill and temperature.

ANS:BIn temporary pacing, the wires are threaded onto the epicardial surface of the heart and exit through the chest wall. The pacemaker spike should be followed immediately by a QRS complex. Pacing spikes seen without subsequent QRS complexes imply loss of capture. If there is no capture, then there is no ventricular depolarization and contraction. The nurse should assess for cardiac output via vital signs and level of consciousness. The other interventions would not determine if the client is tolerating the loss of capture. DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:664KEY:Cardiac electrical conductionMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AssessmentNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

After teaching a client who has an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), a nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of the teaching? a."I should wear a snug-fitting shirt over the ICD." b."I will avoid sources of strong electromagnetic fields." c."I should participate in a strenuous exercise program." d."Now I can discontinue my antidysrhythmic medication."

ANS:BThe client being discharged with an ICD is instructed to avoid strong sources of electromagnetic fields. Clients should avoid tight clothing, which could cause irritation over the ICD generator. The client should be encouraged to exercise but should not engage in strenuous activities that cause the heart rate to meet or exceed the ICD cutoff point because the ICD can discharge inappropriately. The client should continue all prescribed medications.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:674KEY:Cardiac electrical conductionMSC:Integrated Process: Teaching/LearningNOT:Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance

The provider requests the nurse start an infusion of an inotropic agent on a client. How does the nurse explain the action of these drugs to the client and spouse? a."It constricts vessels, improving blood flow." b."It dilates vessels, which lessens the work of the heart." c."It increases the force of the heart's contractions." d."It slows the heart rate down for better filling."

ANS:CA positive inotrope is a medication that increases the strength of the heart's contractions. The other options are not correct.DIF:Remembering/KnowledgeREF:772KEY:Coronary artery disease| inotropic agents| patient educationMSC:Integrated Process: Teaching/LearningNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

A nurse cares for a client with atrial fibrillation who reports fatigue when completing activities of daily living. What interventions should the nurse implement to address this client's concerns? a.Administer oxygen therapy at 2 liters per nasal cannula. b.Provide the client with a sleeping pill to stimulate rest. c.Schedule periods of exercise and rest during the day. d.Ask unlicensed assistive personnel to help bathe the client

ANS:CClients who have atrial fibrillation are at risk for decreased cardiac output and fatigue when completing activities of daily living. The nurse should schedule periods of exercise and rest during the day to decrease fatigue. The other interventions will not assist the client with self-care activities.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:658KEY:Cardiac electrical conductionMSC:Integrated Process: Teaching/LearningNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

A client had an acute myocardial infarction. What assessment finding indicates to the nurse that a significant complication has occurred? a.Blood pressure that is 20 mm Hg below baseline b.Oxygen saturation of 94% on room air c.Poor peripheral pulses and cool skin d.Urine output of 1.2 mL/kg/hr for 4 hours

ANS:CPoor peripheral pulses and cool skin may be signs of impending cardiogenic shock and should be reported immediately. A blood pressure drop of 20 mm Hg is not worrisome. An oxygen saturation of 94% is just slightly below normal. A urine output of 1.2 mL/kg/hr for 4hours is normal.DIF:Remembering/KnowledgeREF:772KEY:Coronary artery disease| critical rescue| nursing assessmentMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AnalysisNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

A client presents to the emergency department with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) at 1500 (3:00 PM). The facility has 24-hour catheterization laboratory abilities. To meet The Joint Commission's Core Measures set, by what time should the client have a percutaneous coronary intervention performed? a.1530 (3:30 PM) b.1600 (4:00 PM) c.1630 (4:30 PM) d.1700 (5:00 PM)

ANS:CThe Joint Commission's Core Measures set for MI includes percutaneous coronary intervention within 90 minutes of diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Therefore, the client should have a percutaneous coronary intervention performed no later than 1630 (4:30 PM).DIF:Remembering/KnowledgeREF:774KEY:Coronary artery disease| Core Measures| The Joint CommissionMSC:Integrated Process: Communication and DocumentationNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

Which action should the nurse take first? a.Begin external temporary pacing. b.Assess peripheral pulse strength. c.Ask the client what medications he or she takes. d.Administer 1 mg of atropine

ANS:CThis client is stable and therefore does not require any intervention except to determine the cause of the bradycardia. Bradycardia is often caused by medications. Clients who have multiple chronic diseases are often on multiple medications that can interact with each other.The nurse should assess the client's current medications first.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:658KEY:Cardiac electrical conduction| medications| adverse effectsMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AssessmentNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

The nurse is preparing to change a client's sternal dressing. What action by the nurse is mostimportant?a.Assess vital signs. b.Don a mask and gown. c.Gather needed supplies. d.Perform hand hygiene.

ANS:DTo prevent a sternal wound infection, the nurse washes hands or performs hand hygiene as a priority. Vital signs do not necessarily need to be assessed beforehand. A mask and gown arenot needed. The nurse should gather needed supplies, but this is not the priority.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:776KEY:Coronary artery disease| infection control| hand hygieneMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: ImplementationNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

care coordination

To promote safety, the nurse manager sensitive to point-of-care (sharp-end) and systems-level (blunt-end) exemplars works closely with administrators to address which organizational system exemplar?

Directing ancillary departments to deliver resources to meet service demands

What is the function of the emergency department nurse leader?

Elevate the head of the bed between 30 and 45 degrees

When caring for a client who is receiving enteral feedings, the nurse should take which measure to prevent aspiration?

communication quality regulation teamwork

Which of the following concepts would a nurse think has the strongest link to safety

732. in the PACU it is reported that the client recieved intrathecal morphine intraoperatively to control pain. Considering the administration of this medication, what should the nurse include as pert of the client's INITIAL 24-hour postoperative care? a) assessing the client for tachycardia b) monitoring of respiratory rate hourly c) administering naloxone every 3 to 4 hours d) observing the client for signs of CNS excitement

b

A client received "as needed" (PRN) morphine, lorazepam (Ativan), and cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril). The UAP reports that the client has a respiratory rate of 10/min. What is the priority action? a) Call the physician to obtain an order for naloxone (Narcan). b) Assess the client's responsiveness and respiratory status. c) Obtain a bag-valve mask and deliver breaths at 20/min. d) Double-check the drug order to see what the client should have received.

b

For client education about nonpharmaceutical alternatives, which topic could you delegate to an experienced LPN/LVN, who will function with your continued support and supervision? a) Therapeutic touch b) Application of heat and cold c) Meditation d) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

b

59. what are the desired outcomes that the nurse expects when administering a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)? (select all that apply) a) diuresis b) pain relief c) antipyresis d) bronchodilation e) anticoagulation f) reduced inflammation

b,c,f

13. after the nurse explains how the TENS unit soothes pain, Natalie wants to know the best way to apply and use the unit. Which instructions should the nurse include? (select all that apply) a) after applying the electrodes, set the unit to provide continuous stimulation b) be sure to use conducting gel or conductor pads when applying the electrodes to the skin c) remove the electrodes and change sites each time the skin is stimulated d) turn on the unit only when your pain medication does not provide relief e) clean the skin where electrodes will be placed and dry thoroughly

b,e

775. a client receiving morphine by patient-controlled analgesia has a respiratory rate of 6 breaths/min. What intervention should the nurse anticipate? a) nasotracheal suction b) mechanical ventilation c) Naloxone administration d) cardiopulmonary resuscitation

c

789. a terminally ill client in a hospice unit for several weeks is receiving a morphine drip. The dose is now above the typical recommended dosage. The client's spouse tells the nurse that the client is again uncomfortable and needs the morphine increased. The prescription states to titrate the morphine to comfort level. What should the nurse do? a) add a placebo to the morphine to appease the spouse b) discuss with the spouse the risk for morphine addiction c) assess the client's pain before increasing the dose of the morphine d) check the client's heart rate before increasing the morphine tto the next level

c

8. what information should the nurse include in responding to Natalie? a) Aspirin comes in children's doses, which can be given safely to 4-year-olds b) buffered aspirin contains an ingredient that can be damaging to small children c) all aspirin products should be avoided unless specifically prescribed d) ibuprofen products should be used for children with a virus

c

A client's family member says to you, "He needs more pain medicine. He is still having a lot of pain." What is your best response? a) "The physician ordered the medicine to be given every 4 hours." b) "If the medication is given too frequently, he could experience ill effects." c) "Please tell him that I will be right there to check on him." d) "Let's wait about 30 to 40 minutes. If there is no relief, I'll call the physician."

c

In application of the principles of pain treatment, what is the first consideration? a) Treatment is based on client goals. b) A multidisciplinary approach is needed. c) The client's perception of pain must be accepted. d) Drug side effects must be prevented and managed.

c

the clinic stocks a small number of scheduled medications, so the nurse obtains a dose of the prescribed medication for Natalie. At the end of the shift, the nurse counts the remaining medications with the oncoming nurse and notes that the count is not accurate. 15. what action should the nurse implement? a) request that the oncoming nurse investigate the inaccurate count, and leave a written report for the first nurse b) complete a variance report, documenting that the count was inaccurate, and submit the report to the pharmacist c) review prescriptions for any scheduled drugs with all nurses with access to the medications to determine why the count is inaccurate d) schedule a meeting with the medical director of the clinic to discuss methods to reduce drug errors by the nursing staff

c

the nurse overhears two other nurses discussing Natalie's pain management in the hallway. One nurse states that Natalie is exhibiting drug-seeking behavior and is probably already addicted to her pain medications. 27. what is the priority nursing intervention? a) assess the client for signs of drug-seeking behavior b) ask the other nurses what behaviors they want observed c) arrange to continue the conversation in a more private location d) inform the other nurses that the client is not a drug addict

c

Natalie states that she has also been applying a cold pack an hour at a time to help heal her back as quickly as possible. 10. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide? a) the cold pack provides pain relief but doesn't heal the injury b) the cold applications should be alternated with the heating pad c) cold reduces inflammation and prevents tissue swelling d) the cold pack should only be applied for approximately 20 minutes at a time

d

You are caring for a client who had abdominal surgery yesterday. The client is restless and anxious and tells you that the pain is getting worse despite the pain medication. Physical assessment findings include the following: temperature, 100.3° F (38° C); pulse rate, 110 beats/min; respiratory rate, 24 breaths/min; and blood pressure, 140/90 mm Hg. The abdomen is rigid and tender to the touch. You decide to notify the client's provider. Place the following report information in the correct order according to the SBAR format. a) "He is restless and anxious: temperature is 100.3° F (38° C); pulse is 110 beats/min; respiratory rate is 24 breaths/min; blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg. Abdomen is rigid and tender to touch with hypoactive bowel sounds." b) "He had abdominal surgery yesterday. He is on PCA morphine, but he says the pain is getting progressively worse." c) "I have tried to make him comfortable and he is willing to wait until the next scheduled dose of pain medication, but I think his pain warrants evaluation." d) "Would you like to give me an order for any laboratory tests or additional therapies at this time?" e) "Dr. S, this is Nurse J. I'm calling about Mr. D, who is reporting severe abdominal pain."

e,b,a,c,d

A nurse assesses a client's electrocardiograph tracing and observes that not all QRS complexes are preceded by a P wave. How should the nurse interpret this observation?a.The client has hyperkalemia causing irregular QRS complexes. b.Ventricular tachycardia is overriding the normal atrial rhythm. c.The client's chest leads are not making sufficient contact with the skin. d.Ventricular and atrial depolarizations are initiated from different sites.

ANS:DNormal rhythm shows one P wave preceding each QRS complex, indicating that all depolarization is initiated at the sinoatrial node. QRS complexes without a P wave indicate adifferent source of initiation of depolarization. This finding on an electrocardiograph tracingis not an indication of hyperkalemia, ventricular tachycardia, or disconnection of leads.DIF:Understanding/ComprehensionREF:649KEY:Cardiac electrical conductionMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AnalysisNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

Natalie has also been receiving docusate sodium, a stool softener. She asks the nurse if this needs to be continued. 26. how should the nurse respond? a) "you were receiving the docusate sodium because morphine is very constipating. You will no longer need to take it." b) "schedule III medications such as hydrocodone/acetaminophen tend to be more constipating than schedule II medications such as morphine" c) "the stool softener should have been discontinued as soon as your bowel sounds returned after surgery" d) "you may need to continue the docusate sodium because most opioid analgesics, including hydrocodone/acetaminophen, cause constipation"

d

Natalie states that the guided imagery exercise was helpful, and she is interested in learning additional exercises. The nurse guides Natalie in a progressive relaxation activity. After first establishing a regular breathing pattern, the nurse tells Natalie to locate an area where she can feel muscle tension. 21. What instruction should the nurse provide next? a) apply gentle pressure over the opposing muscle b) apply firm pressure over the muscle c) relax the muscle completely d) tense the muscle fully

d

On the first day after surgery, a client receiving an analgesic via PCA pump reports that the pain control is inadequate. What is the first action you should take? a) Deliver the bolus dose per standing order. b) Contact the physician to increase the dose. c) Try nonpharmacologic comfort measures. d) Assess the pain for location, quality, and intensity.

d

16. when Natalie is in the ED, the HCP prescribes an intramuscular injection of 30mg of ketorolac, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent. The medication comes in a preloaded syringe labeled "20mg/mL." How many mL should the nurse expect to administer? ( round to the tenth)

1.5

A client is diagnosed with gastric cancer, and a subtotal gastrectomy is performed. After surgery the client begins to hemorrhage. What clinical findings support the nurse's conclusion that the client is experiencing hypovolemic shock? (Select all that apply.) 1.Oliguria 2.Bradypnea 3.Diaphoresis 4.Tachycardia 5.Hypertension

1.Oliguria 3.Diaphoresis 4.Tachycardia

A client is admitted to the hospital with a history of cancer of the liver and jaundice. In relation to the jaundice, the nurse expects the client to report the presence of: 1.Pruritus 2.Diarrhea 3.Blurred vision 4.Bleeding gums

1.Pruritus

A client is admitted to the ambulatory surgery unit for a liver biopsy. The nurse recalls that which assessment finding will be a cause for the biopsy to be postponed? 1.Signs of bruising 2.Visible hyperactivity 3.Lethargy on the morning of the test 4.Foods high in vitamin K consumed on the day before the test

1.Signs of bruising

765. a nurse is caring for a client after a total knee replacement who is requesting Vicodin in addition to the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). The client reports having taken 2 Vicodin tablets every 4 hours for several weeks before surgery. If each tablet contains 500mg of acetaminophen, how much acetaminophen had the client been ingesting per day? (round to the nearest whole number)

12 tablets (6,000mg)

A client with severe Crohn's disease develops a small bowel obstruction. Which clinical finding should the nurse expect the client to report? 1.Bloody vomitus 2.Projectile vomiting 3.Bleeding with defecation 4.Pain in the left lower quadrant

2.Projectile vomiting

The nurse teaches the client about foods to help prevent constipation after pelvic surgery. Which foods selected by the client indicate that the teaching is understood? (Select all that apply.) 1.Ripe bananas 2.Milk products 3.Green vegetables 4.Creamed potatoes 5.Whole grain bread

3.Green vegetables 5.Whole grain bread

A client is to be discharged after a laser laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The nurse evaluates that the discharge instructions are understood when the client states: 1."I should stay on a full liquid diet for three days." 2."The sites will have a moderate amount of bloody drainage for about three days." 3."I should change the dressings once a day for one week." 4."I may have mild shoulder pain for about a week."

4."I may have mild shoulder pain for about a week."

disturbances in hearing

A client with arthritis is taking large doses of aspirin. What symptom does the nurse include when teaching the client about the clinical manifestations of aspirin toxicity?

Treatment error

A student nurse receives an order for diazepam to be given intravenously. Diazepam tablets are available. The student nurse crushes a tablet and mixes it with sterile water for injection. The instructor notes that the solution is cloudy and asks to see the medication vial. When the student produces the vial of sterile water for injection and the instructor stops the medication from being given, what type of error is prevented?

4. to determine the etiology of Natalie's anxiety, what is the priority nursing intervention? a) refer the client to the clinic social worker b) continue the interview with the client c) review the healthcare provider's notes d) recognize that pain causes anxiety

b

A client is on a dopamine infusion via a peripheral line. What action by the nurse takes priority for safety? a.Assess the IV site hourly. b.Monitor the pedal pulses. c.Monitor the client's vital signs. d.Obtain consent for a central line.

ANS:A Dopamine should be infused through a central line to prevent extravasation and necrosis of tissue. If it needs to be run peripherally, the nurse assesses the site hourly for problems. When the client is getting the central line, ensuring informed consent is on the chart is a priority. But at this point, the client has only a peripheral line, so caution must be taken to preserve the integrity of the client's integumentary system. Monitoring pedal pulses and vital signs give indications as to how well the drug is working.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:773KEY:Inotropic agents| adverse effects| medication safetyMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AssessmentNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

A nurse is caring for a client who is intubated and has an intra-aortic balloon pump. The client is restless and agitated. What action should the nurse perform first for comfort? a.Allow family members to remain at the bedside. b.Ask the family if the client would like a fan in the room. c.Keep the television tuned to the client's favorite channel. d.Speak loudly to the client in case of hearing problems.

ANS:AAllowing the family to remain at the bedside can help calm the client with familiar voices (and faces if the client wakes up). A fan might be helpful but may also spread germs throughair movement. The TV should not be kept on all the time to allow for rest. Speaking loudly may agitate the client more.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:780KEY:Intra-aortic balloon pump| nonpharmacologic comfort measuresMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation NOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

A nurse assesses a client with tachycardia. Which clinical manifestation requires immediate intervention by the nurse?a.Mid-sternal chest pain b.Increased urine output c.Mild orthostatic hypotension d.P wave touching the T wave

ANS:AChest pain, possibly angina, indicates that tachycardia may be increasing the client's myocardial workload and oxygen demand to such an extent that normal oxygen delivery cannot keep pace. This results in myocardial hypoxia and pain. Increased urinary output andmild orthostatic hypotension are not life-threatening conditions and therefore do not require immediate intervention. The P wave touching the T wave indicates significant tachycardia and should be assessed to determine the underlying rhythm and cause; this is an important assessment but is not as critical as chest pain, which indicates cardiac cell death.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:663KEY:Cardiac electrical conductionMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AssessmentNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

A nursing student is caring for a client who had a myocardial infarction. The student is confused because the client states nothing is wrong and yet listens attentively while the student provides education on lifestyle changes and healthy menu choices. What response by the faculty member is best? a."Continue to educate the client on possible healthy changes." b."Emphasize complications that can occur with noncompliance." c."Tell the client that denial is normal and will soon go away." d."You need to make sure the client understands this illness."

ANS:AClients are often in denial after a coronary event. The client who seems to be in denial but iscompliant with treatment may be using a healthy form of coping that allows time to process the event and start to use problem-focused coping. The student should not discourage this type of denial and coping, but rather continue providing education in a positive manner. Emphasizing complications may make the client defensive and more anxious. Telling the client that denial is normal is placing too much attention on the process. Forcing the client toverbalize understanding of the illness is also potentially threatening to the client.DIF:Understanding/ComprehensionREF:769KEY:Coronary artery disease| psychosocial response| coping| therapeutic communicationMSC:Integrated Process: Communication and DocumentationNOT:Client Needs Category: Psychosocial Integrity

An older adult is on cardiac monitoring after a myocardial infarction. The client shows frequent dysrhythmias. What action by the nurse is most appropriate? a.Assess for any hemodynamic effects of the rhythm. b.Prepare to administer antidysrhythmic medication. c.Notify the provider or call the Rapid Response Team. d.Turn the alarms off on the cardiac monitor.

ANS:AOlder clients may have dysrhythmias due to age-related changes in the cardiac conduction system. They may have no significant hemodynamic effects from these changes. The nurse should first assess for the effects of the dysrhythmia before proceeding further. The alarms on a cardiac monitor should never be shut off. The other two actions may or may not be needed.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:769KEY:Coronary artery disease| older adult| pathophysiology| nursing assessmentMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AssessmentNOT:Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance

A client is receiving an infusion of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). The nurse assesses the client to be disoriented to person, place, and time. What action by the nurse is best? a.Assess the client's pupillary responses. b.Request a neurologic consultation. c.Stop the infusion and call the provider. d.Take and document a full set of vital signs.

ANS:CA change in neurologic status in a client receiving t-PA could indicate intracranial hemorrhage. The nurse should stop the infusion and notify the provider immediately. A full assessment, including pupillary responses and vital signs, occurs next. The nurse may or may not need to call a neurologist.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:768KEY:Coronary artery disease| neurologic system| critical rescue| Rapid Response Team| thrombolytic agentsMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: ImplementationNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

A nurse teaches a client who experiences occasional premature atrial contractions (PACs) accompanied by palpitations that resolve spontaneously without treatment. Which statement should the nurse include in this client's teaching? a."Minimize or abstain from caffeine." b."Lie on your side until the attack subsides." c."Use your oxygen when you experience PACs." d."Take amiodarone (Cordarone) daily to prevent PACs."

ANS:APACs usually have no hemodynamic consequences. For a client experiencing infrequent PACs, the nurse should explore possible lifestyle causes, such as excessive caffeine intake and stress. Lying on the side will not prevent or resolve PACs. Oxygen is not necessary. Although medications may be needed to control symptomatic dysrhythmias, for infrequent PACs, the client first should try lifestyle changes to control them.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:663KEY:Patient education| cardiac electrical conductionMSC:Integrated Process: Teaching/LearningNOT:Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance

A nurse is assessing clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client should the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for atrial fibrillation? a.A 45-year-old who takes an aspirin daily b.A 50-year-old who is post coronary artery bypass graft surgery c.A 78-year-old who had a carotid endarterectomy d.An 80-year-old with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

ANS:B Atrial fibrillation occurs commonly in clients with cardiac disease and is a common occurrence after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The other conditions do not place these clients at higher risk for atrial fibrillation.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:666KEY:Health screening| cardiac electrical conductionMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AssessmentNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

A client received tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) after a myocardial infarction and now is on an intravenous infusion of heparin. The client's spouse asks why the client needs this medication. What response by the nurse is best?a."The t-PA didn't dissolve the entire coronary clot." b."The heparin keeps that artery from getting blocked again." c."Heparin keeps the blood as thin as possible for a longer time." d."The heparin prevents a stroke from occurring as the t-PA wears off."

ANS:BAfter the original intracoronary clot has dissolved, large amounts of thrombin are released into the bloodstream, increasing the chance of the vessel reoccluding. The other statements are not accurate. Heparin is not a "blood thinner," although laypeople may refer to it as such.DIF:Understanding/ComprehensionREF:768KEY:Coronary artery disease| thrombolytic agents| patient educationMSC:Integrated Process: Teaching/LearningNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

A nurse cares for a client who has a heart rate averaging 56 beats/min with no adverse symptoms. Which activity modification should the nurse suggest to avoid further slowing ofthe heart rate? a."Make certain that your bath water is warm." b."Avoid straining while having a bowel movement." c."Limit your intake of caffeinated drinks to one a day." d."Avoid strenuous exercise such as running."

ANS:BBearing down strenuously during a bowel movement is one type of Valsalva maneuver, which stimulates the vagus nerve and results in slowing of the heart rate. Such a response is not desirable in a person who has bradycardia. The other instructions are not appropriate for this condition.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:663KEY:Functional abilityMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: ImplementationNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

A nurse assists with the cardioversion of a client experiencing acute atrial fibrillation. Whichaction should the nurse take prior to the initiation of cardioversion?a.Administer intravenous adenosine. b.Turn off oxygen therapy. c.Ensure a tongue blade is available. d.Position the client on the left side.

ANS:BFor safety during cardioversion, the nurse should turn off any oxygen therapy to prevent fire. The other interventions are not appropriate for a cardioversion. The client should be placed in a supine position.DIF:Remembering/KnowledgeREF:668KEY:Assessment/diagnostic examination| safetyMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: ImplementationNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

A nurse is in charge of the coronary intensive care unit. Which client should the nurse see first? a.Client on a nitroglycerin infusion at 5 mcg/min, not titrated in the last 4 hours b.Client who is 1 day post coronary artery bypass graft, blood pressure 180/100 mm Hg c.Client who is 1 day post percutaneous coronary intervention, going home this morning d.Client who is 2 days post coronary artery bypass graft, became dizzy this a.m. while walking

ANS:BHypertension after coronary artery bypass graft surgery can be dangerous because it puts toomuch pressure on the suture lines and can cause bleeding. The charge nurse should see this client first. The client who became dizzy earlier should be seen next. The client on the nitroglycerin drip is stable. The client going home can wait until the other clients are cared for.DIF:Analyzing/AnalysisREF:777KEY:Coronary artery disease| coronary artery bypass graft| collaborationMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AssessmentNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

A client with coronary artery disease (CAD) asks the nurse about taking fish oil supplements. What response by the nurse is best? a."Fish oil is contraindicated with most drugs for CAD." b."The best source is fish, but pills have benefits too." c."There is no evidence to support fish oil use with CAD." d."You can reverse CAD totally with diet and supplements."

ANS:BOmega-3 fatty acids have shown benefit in reducing lipid levels, in reducing the incidence of sudden cardiac death, and for stabilizing atherosclerotic plaque. The best source is fish three times a week or some fish oil supplements. The other options are not accurate.DIF:Understanding/ComprehensionREF:761KEY:Coronary artery disease| lipid-reducing agents| supplements| patient educationMSC:Integrated Process: Teaching/LearningNOT:Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance

A client has presented to the emergency department with an acute myocardial infarction (MI). What action by the nurse is best to meet The Joint Commission's Core Measures outcomes? a.Obtain an electrocardiogram (ECG) now and in the morning. b.Give the client an aspirin. c.Notify the Rapid Response Team. d.Prepare to administer thrombolytics

ANS:BThe Joint Commission's Core Measures set for acute MI require that aspirin is administered when a client with MI presents to the emergency department or when an MI occurs in the hospital. A rapid ECG is vital, but getting another one in the morning is not part of the Core Measures set. The Rapid Response Team is not needed if an emergency department provideris available. Thrombolytics may or may not be needed.DIF:Remembering/KnowledgeREF:766KEY:Coronary artery disease| Core Measures| The Joint CommissionMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: ImplementationNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

A telemetry nurse assesses a client with third-degree heart block who has wide QRS complexes and a heart rate of 35 beats/min on the cardiac monitor. Which assessment shouldthe nurse complete next? a.Pulmonary auscultation b.Pulse strength and amplitude c.Level of consciousness d.Mobility and gait stability

ANS:CA heart rate of 40 beats/min or less with widened QRS complexes could have hemodynamicconsequences. The client is at risk for inadequate cerebral perfusion. The nurse should assess for level of consciousness, light-headedness, confusion, syncope, and seizure activity.Although the other assessments should be completed, the client's level of consciousness is the priority.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:670KEY:Cardiac electrical conduction| vascular perfusionMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AssessmentNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

A nurse is assessing a client who had a myocardial infarction. Upon auscultating heart sounds, the nurse hears the following sound. What action by the nurse is most appropriate?(Click the media button to hear the audio clip.) a.Assess for further chest pain. b.Call the Rapid Response Team. c.Have the client sit upright. d.Listen to the client's lung sounds.

ANS:DThe sound the nurse hears is an S3 heart sound, an abnormal sound that may indicate heart failure. The nurse should next assess the client's lung sounds. Assessing for chest pain is notdirectly related. There is no indication that the Rapid Response Team is needed. Having the client sit up will not change the heart sound.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:762KEY:Coronary artery disease| respiratory assessment| respiratory system| nursing assessmentMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: AssessmentNOT:Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential26

A nurse prepares to defibrillate a client who is in ventricular fibrillation. Which priority intervention should the nurse perform prior to defibrillating this client? a.Make sure the defibrillator is set to the synchronous mode. b.Administer 1 mg of intravenous epinephrine. c.Test the equipment by delivering a smaller shock at 100 joules. d.Ensure that everyone is clear of contact with the client and the bed.

ANS:DTo avoid injury, the rescuer commands that all personnel clear contact with the client or the bed and ensures their compliance before delivery of the shock. A precordial thump can be delivered when no defibrillator is available. Defibrillation is done in asynchronous mode. Equipment should not be tested before a client is defibrillated because this is an emergency procedure; equipment should be checked on a routine basis. Epinephrine should be administered after defibrillation.DIF:Applying/ApplicationREF:668KEY:Cardiac electrical conduction| safetyMSC:Integrated Process: Nursing Process: ImplementationNOT:Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

To minimize gastric irritation

After several days of intravenous (IV) therapy for chloroquine-resistant malaria, the health care provider replaces the IV medication with oral quinine, 2 g per day in divided doses. The nurse advises the client to take this medication after meals for what purpose?

attitude

The three elements of nursing competency described in the Quality and Safety for Nurses (QSEN) initiative are knowledge, skill, and which other element?

11. how should the nurse explain the mechanism that causes the skin to become reddened from prolonged exposure to cold? a) reflex vasodilation occurs following the initial vasoconstricting effects of the cold b) cold causes a numbing sensation, which interferes with circulation at the site c) debris from necrotic tissue collects at the site of vasoconstriction, causing inflammation d) intradermal tissue blisters occur as the result of the damage caused by exposure to cold

a

5. which is the best goal for the nurse to include in the plan of care related to the problem statement of "acute pain related to strain on muscles with movement?" a) client reports pain of less than 1 on a 0-10 scale b) client will verbalize pain control methods c) client will learn alternative methods for pain control d) client will learn to live with long-term pain

a

A client is crying and grimacing but denies pain and refuses pain medication, because "my sibling is a drug addict and has ruined our lives." What is the priority intervention for this client? a) Encourage expression of fears and past experiences. b) Provide accurate information about the use of pain medication. c) Explain that addiction is unlikely among acute care clients. d) Seek family assistance in resolving this problem.

a

A client with diabetic neuropathy reports a burning, electrical-type pain in the lower extremities that is worse at night and not responding to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Which medication will you advocate for first? a) Gabapentin (Neurontin) b) Corticosteroids c) Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) d) Lorazepam (Ativan)

a

Natalie's nurse believes that the other nurses are incorrect in their understanding of Natalie's pain management. The nurse explains this to the other nurses, providing the nurses with accurate information about the pain management and addiction. 28. the nurse's response demonstrates what ethical principle? a) veracity b) fidelity c) teleology d) confidentiality

a

on the second postop day, the nurse observes that Natalie is no longer self-administering demand doses of the morphine. 24. what is the most likely reason for this change? a) she is receiving adequate pain control without the additional doses b) she has developed tolerance to the effects of the medication c) she is addicted to the dose of morphine that is still infusing d) the IV line is infiltrated and she no longer obtains any pain relief

a

172. a client with arthritis increases the dose of ibuprofen (motrin, advil) to abate joint discomfort. After several weeks the client becomes increasingly weak. The health care provider determines that the client is severely anemic and admits the client to the hospital. What clinical indicators does the nurse expect to identify when performing an admission assessment? (select all that apply) a) melena b) tachycardia c) constipation d) clay-colored stools e) painful bowel movements

a,b

32. what is a nurse's responsibility when administering prescribed opioid analgesics? (select all that apply) a) count the client's respirations b) document the intensity of the client's pain c) withhold the medication if the client reports pruritus d) verify the number of doses in the locked cabinet before administering the prescribed dose e) discard the medication in the client's toilet before leaving the room if the medication is refused

a,b,d

Which clients must be assigned to an experienced RN? (Select all that apply.) a) Client who was in an automobile crash and sustained multiple injuries b) Client with chronic back pain related to a workplace injury c) Client who has returned from surgery and has a chest tube in place d) Client with abdominal cramps related to food poisoning e) Client with a severe headache of unknown origin f) Client with chest pain who has a history of arteriosclerosis

a,c,d,e

A client had an inferior wall myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse notes the client's cardiac rhythm as shown below:What action by the nurse is most important?

a.Assess the client's blood pressure and level of consciousness

12. Which explanation by the nurse best describes how the TENS unit soothes paint? a) continuous high-pressure stimulation of the pain nerve fibers are blocked b) it sends stimulating pulses through the skin, to block pain signals from reaching the brain c) electrodes are placed at pressure points to measure biofeedback and reduce stress d) needles are inserted to stimulate specific points in the body

b

17. since Natalie is fairly thin, which site is the best choice for the injection? a) back of the arm b) ventrogluteal c) dorsogluteal d) abdomen, 2 inches from the umbilicus

b

192. a client who had abdominal surgery is receiving patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) intravenously to manage pain. The pump is programmed to deliver a basal dose and bolus doses that can be accessed by the client with a lock-out time frame of 10 minutes. The nurse assesses use of the pump during the last hour and identifies that the client attempted to self-administer the analgesic 10 times. Further assessment reveals that the client is still experiencing pain. What should the nurse do FIRST? a) monitor the client's pain level for another hour b) determine the integrity of the intravenous delivery system c) reprogram the pump to deliver a bolus dose every 8 minutes d) arrange for the client to be evaluated by the health care provider

b

2. to assess the quality of Natalie's pain, the nurse asks which question? a) "on a scale of 0-10, how would you rate your pain?" b) "what word best describes the pain you are experiencing?" c) "What actions do you take to relieve the pain?" d) "what do you fear most about your pain?"

b

55. based on the client's reported pain level, the nurse administers 8mg of the prescribed morphine. The medication is available in a 10mg syringe. Wasting of the remaining 2mg of morphine should be done by the nurse and a witness. Who should be the witness? a) nursing supervisor b) LPN c) client's health care provider d) designated nursing assisstant

b

For a cognitively impaired client who cannot accurately report pain, what is the first action that you should take? a) Closely assess for nonverbal signs such as grimacing or rocking. b) Obtain baseline behavioral indicators from family members. c) Look at the MAR and chart to note the time of the last dose of analgesic and the client's response. d) Give the maximum PRN dose within the minimum time frame for relief.

b

Pain disorder and depression have been diagnosed for a client. He reports chronic low back pain and states, "None of these doctors has done anything to help." Which client statement concerns you the most? a) "I twisted my back last night, and now the pain is a lot worse." b) "I'm so sick of this pain. I think I'm going to find a way to end it." c) "Occasionally I buy pain killers from a guy in my neighborhood." d) "I'm going to sue you and the doctor; you aren't doing anything for me."

b

You are caring for a young client with diabetes who has sustained injuries when she tried to commit suicide by crashing her car. Her blood glucose level is 650 mg/dL, but she refuses insulin; however, she wants the pain medication. What is the best action? a) Notify the charge nurse and obtain an order for a transfer to intensive care. b) Explain that insulin is a priority and inform the health care provider. c) Withhold the pain medication until she agrees to accept the insulin. d) Give her the pain medication and document the refusal of the insulin.

b

Which clients can be appropriately assigned to an LPN/LVN who will function under the supervision of an RN or team leader? (Select all that apply.) a) Client who needs preoperative teaching for the use of a PCA pump b) Client with a leg cast who needs neurologic and circulatory checks and PRN hydrocodone c) Client who underwent a toe amputation and has diabetic neuropathic pain d) Client with terminal cancer and severe pain who is refusing medication e) Client who reports abdominal pain after being kicked, punched, and beaten f) Client with arthritis who needs scheduled pain medications and heat applications

b,c,f

Which clients can be appropriately assigned to a newly graduated RN who has recently completed orientation? (Select all that apply.) a) Anxious client with chronic pain who frequently uses the call button b) Client on the second postoperative day who needs pain medication before dressing changes c) Client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who reports headache and abdominal and pleuritic chest pain d) Client with chronic pain who is to be discharged with a new surgically-implanted catheter e) Client who is reporting pain at the site of a peripheral IV line f) Client with a kidney stone who needs frequent PRN pain medication

b,e,f

18. the nurse will first place the palm of the hand on what anatomical spot to locate the injection site? a) the upper outer quadrant of the buttock b) the anterosuperior iliac spine c) the greater trochanter d) the iliac crest

c

587. a client who had a total hip replacement asks the nurse about the continuous regional analgesia being used. What information should the nurse include when explaining the benefits of the treatment over conventional methods to control pain? a) adjusting the dose is easily done b) neuropathic pain can be relieved c) systemic side effects are minimal d) the need for parenteral medication is avoided

c

A client's opioid therapy is being tapered off, and the nurse is watchful for signs of withdrawal. What is one of the first signs of withdrawal? a) Fever b) Nausea c) Diaphoresis d) Abdominal cramps

c

Which client has the most immediate need for IV access to deliver immediate analgesia with rapid titration? a) Client who has sharp chest pain that increases with cough and shortness of breath b) Client who reports excruciating lower back pain with hematuria c) Client who is having an acute myocardial infarction with severe chest pain d) Client who is having a severe migraine with an elevated blood pressure

c

Which client is most likely to receive opioids for extended periods of time? a) A client with fibromyalgia b) A client with phantom limb pain in the leg c) A client with progressive pancreatic cancer d) A client with trigeminal neuralgia

c

You are caring for a young man with a history of substance abuse who had exploratory abdominal surgery 4 days ago for a knife wound. There is an order to discontinue the PCA-delivered morphine and to start oral pain medication. The client begs, "Please don't stop the morphine. My pain is really a lot worse today than it was yesterday." What is the best response? a) "Let me stop the pump and we can try oral pain medication to see if it relieves the pain." b) "I realize that you are scared of the pain, but we must try to wean you off the pump." c) "Show me where your pain is and describe how it feels compared to yesterday." d) "Let me take your vital signs, and then I will call the physician and explain your concerns."

c

3. Which behavior does Natalie exhibit , that the nurse documents as objective signs of acute pain? a) states pain level of 5 out of 10 b) complains of shortness of breath c) difficulty concentrating d) frequent grimacing

d

6. the nurse considers interventions to include in the plan of care. Before implementing any interventions, what action is most important for the nurse to take? a) place a copy of the plan of care in the client's chart b) evaluate the client's response to the interventions c) review interventions in a care plan manual d) discuss the plan of care with the client

d

741. a nurse is taking the health history of a client who is to have surgery in one week. The nurse identifies that the client is taking ibuprofen (advil) for discomfort associated with osteoarthritis and notifies the health care provider. Which drug does the nurse expect with MOST likely be prescribed instead of the Advil? a) naproxen (aleve) b) ibuprofen (motrin) c) ketorolac (toradol) d) acetaminophen (tylenol)

d

A client has severe pain and bladder distention related to urinary retention and possible obstruction. An experienced UAP states that she received training in Foley catheter insertion at a previous job. What task can be delegated to this UAP? a) Assessing the bladder distention and the pain associated with urinary retention b) Inserting the Foley catheter, once you ascertain that she knows sterile technique c) Evaluating the relief of pain and bladder distention after the catheter is inserted d) Measuring the urine output after the catheter is inserted and obtaining a urine specimen

d

As the charge nurse, you are reviewing the charts of clients who were assigned to the care of a newly graduated RN. The RN has correctly charted dose and time of medication, but there is no documentation regarding nonpharmaceutical measures. What action should you take first? a) Make a note in the nurse's file and continue to observe clinical performance. b) Refer the new nurse to the in-service education department. c) Quiz the nurse about knowledge of pain management and pharmacology. d) Give praise for correctly charting the dose and time and discuss the deficits in charting.

d

Natalie tells the nurse that she has an electric heating pad at home that she used when she sprained her ankle. 9. Which response by the nurse is accurate? a) "warm moist compresses are a better choice because there is less chance of injury to your skin" b) "a heating pad is more effective than moist compresses because it will penetrate more deeply into the muscles." c) "heating pads provide dry heat, which promotes vasoconstriction, reducing any muscle swelling that has occurred." d) "the dry heat provided by your heating pad will help relieve your pain by promoting muscle relaxation"

d

The physician has ordered a placebo for a client with chronic pain. You are a newly hired nurse and you feel very uncomfortable administering the medication. What is the first action that you should take? a) Prepare the medication and hand it to the physician. b) Check the hospital policy regarding the use of a placebo. c) Follow a personal code of ethics and refuse to participate. d) Contact the charge nurse for advice.

d

The team is providing emergency care to a client who received an excessive dose of narcotic pain medication. Which task is best to delegate to the LPN/LVN? a) Calling the physician and reporting the situation using the SBAR (situation, background, assessment, recommendation) format b) Giving the ordered dose of Narcan and evaluating the response to therapy c) Monitoring the respiratory status for the first 30 minutes d) Applying oxygen per nasal cannula as ordered

d

What is the best way to schedule medication for a client with constant pain? a) PRN at the client's request b) Before painful procedures c) IV bolus after pain assessment d) Around the clock

d

Which client is at greatest risk for respiratory depression while receiving opioids for analgesia? a) Elderly client with chronic pain who has a hip fracture b) Client with a heroin addiction and back pain c) Young female client with advanced multiple myeloma d) Child with an arm fracture and cystic fibrosis

d

You are the charge nurse. A client with chronic pain reports to you that the nurses have not been responding to requests for pain medication. What is your initial action? a) Check the medication administration records (MARs) for the past several days. b) Ask the nurse educator to provide in-service training about pain management. c) Perform a complete pain assessment on the client and take a pain history. d) Have a conference with the nurses responsible for the care of this client.

d

You have received the shift report from the night nurse. Prioritize the order in which you will check on the following clients. a) Adolescent who is alert and oriented. He was admitted 2 days ago for treatment of meningitis. He reports a continuous headache that is partially relieved by medication. b) Elderly man who underwent total knee replacement surgery 2 days ago. He is using the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump frequently with good relief and occasionally asks for bolus doses. c) Middle-aged woman who is demanding and needy. She was admitted for investigation of functional abdominal pain and is scheduled for diagnostic testing this morning. d) Elderly woman with advanced Alzheimer disease who requires total care for all activities of daily living (ADLs). She struggles during any type of nursing care and it is difficult to assess her subjective symptoms. She is awaiting transfer to a long-term care facility. e) Young man who was admitted with chest pain secondary to a spontaneous pneumothorax. His chest tube will be removed and his PCA pump discontinued today.

e,c,a,b,d