chapter 4

Which of the following is true of sleeping patterns of men and women?

Women typically fall sleep more quickly than men.

Esther dreams that she is flying in an airplane. Esther's psychoanalyst suggests that such a dream represents a hidden desire for sexual intercourse. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Flying is the latent content.

Which of the following psychologists is correctly matched with the theory of the function of dreams?

Freud--unconscious wish-fulfillment theory

All of the following statements regarding REM sleep are true EXCEPT:

the activity of skeletal muscles increases during REM sleep.

_______ is the awareness of the sensations. thoughts, and feelings we experience at given moment.

consciousness

Which of the following statements is true of dreams in REM sleep and NREM sleep?

dreams occur in NREM sleep, but less frequently than in REM sleep, NREM dreams are also less vivid than are dreams in REM.

Which of the followings early psychologists viewed the study of consciousness as central to psychology?

james

According to Freud, the _______ content of dreams is the "disguised" meanings of dreams, hidden by more obvious subjects.

latent

According to Freud, the _______ content of dreams refers to the apparent story line of dreams.

manifest

Sigmund Freud's theory that dreams represent unconscious desires that dreamers want to see fulfilled is known as ________.

unconscious wish fulfillment theory

Adults spend about ______% of their sleep in stage 2. Approximately ______% is spent in REM sleep.

50, 20

Most people today sleep between _____ hours each night.

7-8

How long is a typical sleep cycle, in which a sleeper progresses through some or all of the sleep stages?

90 minutes

Anya pulled all-nighters both last night and the night before. Tonight, finally, she anticipates going to bed at her usual time. Which of the following alternatives MOST accurately describes and identifies what Anya is likely to experience?

Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the REM stage. This phenomenon is called rebound.

________ are unusually frightening dreams, that occur fairly often.

nightmares

During _____ images sometimes appear, as if we were viewing still photos.

stage 1 sleep

______ is the state of transition between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by relatively rapid, low-amplitude brain waves.

stage 1 sleep

Brief periods of "spiky" brain wave patterns called sleep spindles are characteristics of ______ sleep.

stage 2

______ is characterized by a slower, more regular wave pattern than the previous stage, along with momentary interruptions of "sleep spindles".

stage 2 sleep

_____ is the deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation.

stage 4 sleep

The onset of REM sleep _______ the release of neurotransmitters called________.

stops, monoamines

REM sleep is paradoxical because:

the brain is active, but the major skeletal muscles appear to be paralyzed.

In general terms, how do brain waves change as a sleeper progresses from stage 1 sleep to stage 4 sleep?

the brain waves became slower.

Which of the following statements is true of REM sleep and dreaming?

the major muscles of the body appear to be paralyzed during REM sleep.

Which of the following is true of people who participate in sleep deprivation experiments?

they show a decline in logical reasoning ability.